(a) Experiment AIM ‘To prepare urea formaldehyde resin, THEORY Urea reacts with formaldehyde in acidic or basic medium to give monomethylol urea and dimethyto| urea, which further undergo condensation reaction to give cross-linked polymer. 6 ° Neon ncn MR aR ne Ae oa ot "urea "formaldehyde } oa REQUIREMENTS Urea (5 g), formaldehyde (40%) 10 ml, beaker, glass rod, measuring cylinder, funnel, filter paper, cone. H,SO, PROCEDURE 1, Take about 10 ml of 40% formaldehyde solution in 100 ml beaker, 2. Add about S grams of urea with constant stirring till saturated solution is obtained. 3. To this reaction mixture add a drop of cone. H,SO, with continuous stirring. 4, A voluminous white precipitate appears in the beaker, 5. After completion of reaction, wash the residue with water to remove any acid present init 6. Dry the precipitate of urea formaldehyde in folds of filter paper. 7. Calculate the yield of the product,RESULT ‘The weight of urea formaldehyde resin forme PRECAUTIONS 1, Reaction is vigorous. All the addition should be done carefully with stirring. 2. White solid mass should be removed immediately as it ‘to the wall of the beaker. 3. Cone. H,SO, should be added drop by drop with constant tiring,9(b Experiment AIM ‘To prepare phenol formaldehyde resin. THEORY Phenol formaldehy‘de resin can be prepared by condensation polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde in acidic medium oH oH oH CH,OH | a6 2%, i co Se on con Lo enon 1 OH OH OH Novolae REQUIREMENTS Phenol (1 g), glacial acetic acid (2.5 ml), 40% formaldehyde (1.2 ml), cone. HCI (5 ml), beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod, funnel, filter paper. PROCEDURE 1, Take 5 ml glacial acetic acid and 2.5 ml of 40 % formaldehyde solution in a beaket To this add 2 g of phenol. 2, Add 5 ml of cone. HCI to the reaction mixture drop by drop carefully. Within 5 minutes, «large ‘mass of plastic is formed.Experiment 9(6)/ 39) 3. The residue obtained is washed with water several times till itis free from acid. Filter and dry the product. 4, Calculate the yield of the product. RESULT ‘The weight of phenol formaldehyde resin formed is, & PRECAUTIONS 1. Reaction is vigorous. All addition should be done carefully with stirring 2, Fuming cupboard should be used for preparation. 3. Cone. acid should be used carefully | eS 1 QI. What is the difference between a polymer and macromolecule? Ans. Although both are giant molecules, but polymer always has repeated unit ¢.g. polythene, while a ‘macromolecule may not have e.g. Chlorophyll C,,H,,0,N,Mg. Soall polymers are macromolecules but all macromolecules may not be polymers. (Q2. Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization? ‘Ans. Addition polymerization is the process of polymerization where monomer simply adds on to one another without formation of side product e.g polymerization of ethylene to give polythene. Condensation polymerization is the polymerization in which monomer combine with loss of small molecules like H,O ,CH,OlH,etc to from the polymer e.g Nylon 66. Q3. How will you differentiate between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers? ‘Ans. Thermoplastic polymers are the polymer which becomes soft on heating and hard on cooling without any chemical deformation. So they can be remoulded, e.g. PE, PS, PVC, PMMA, ‘Thermosetting polymers are the polymers which are infusible and hence cannot be remoulded eg, P-F resin, U-F resin, Melamine formaldehyde resin etc. Thermosetting polymer has high percentage of crosslinks. Q4. What is a plasticizer? ‘Ans. A plasticizer is a substance which is added during synthesis of a thermoplastic polymer its flexibility or plasticity, It does so by decreasing attractive forees between chains of polymer. In this way, moulding of thermoplastic becomes easier, QS. Which curing agent is added for cross linking during synthesis of phenol formaldehyde resins in acidic medium? Ans. Hexamethylene tetramine is added as curing agent. It acts as a source of formaldehyde. It is, (CH)N,. 6. What is a resin? ‘Ans, Resins is a basic polymeric material which holds together different constituents of plastic. rease eeExperiment BXG AIM To prepare a sample of pure aspirin. THEORY Aspirin is prepared by acetylation of salicylic acid with acetie anhydride in the presence of concent sulphurie acid or syrupy phosphoric acid. on fof ococn, cool tO COOH + CH,COOH Bo Rk tok 50} 4, ———+> Acetic anhydride salicylic acid Aspirin G@-Acstoxy benzoie acid) REQUIREMENTS Round button flask, condenser, beaker, glass rod, Salicylic acid, Acetic anhydride, Conc. H,SO, PROCEDURE |. Take 5 g of salicylic acid in a small round bottom flask. Transfer 6 ml. of acetic anhydride & 54 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to it, Shake well so thatthe reagents get mixed throughly 2. Fix am air condenser into the mouth of flask and warm the contents to about 50°C in a water bah for 5-10 minutes with occasional shaking 3. To the warm mixture add 10-15 ml of ice cold water to decompose excess of acetic anhyuie 4. Pour the contents of the flask with sting into crushed ice-contained in a beaker, Strr well) means of a glass rod. White erystals of aspirin separate out Ifa white sol does not appear (due to the presence of excess of acetic anhydride), scratch the walls of the beaker with a glass rod- 5; Filter the-enude product and wash it with cold water. Dry by pressing between folds o ite paPEE Experiment 9() 41 PURIFICATION Recrystallise the crude product aspirin from equal volume of water & glacial acetic acid. Pure white product is obtained, RESULT Yield obtained eee 136-137°C Melting point | es | QU. What is distillation? ‘Ans. In involves the conversion of a li d into its vapours followed by condensation ofthese vapours. Q2. Why do we fit an air-condenser in the preparation of acetanilide? ‘Ans. This is because the acetylating agent (acetic anhydride) is a volatile substance. On heating, it evaporates and might leave the flask without bringing about the reaction. It gets condensed into liquid state in the condenser and falls back into the flask and is reused for the reaction, {Q3. Why is heating done on a water bath while preparing organic compounds? ‘Ans. This is because organic compounds are volatile compounds. If heating is done direct on the flame, the reactants might evaporate without giving the products. (QA. What is the substitute for acetic anhydride for preparing acetanilide? ‘Ans. Glacial acetie acid in the presence of zinc chloride. (QS. What is the medicinal use of aspirin? Ans. It is an antipyretic ie, used to lower body temperature (Q6. What is the function of cone. H,SO, in the preparation of aspirin? Ans. It acts as a dehydrating agent and brings about the acetylat of salicylic acid