English 10

+
English – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 7: Observe correct grammar in making definitions:
Contrasting.
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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 English 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 7
Observe correct grammar in
making definitions:
Contrasting
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Observing correct

grammar in making definitions : Contrasting!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the English 10 Self-Learning Module on Observing correct

grammar in making definitions: Contrasting!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 10. All the

activities provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand:
Observing correct grammar in making definitions: Contrasting.

Specifically, you will learn about the following:

1. Identify definitions in contrasting way.

2. Understand the importance of definition.

PRETEST

Direction: Identify which definition represents contrasting ideas.

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. GENEROUS
A. It is characterized by a noble or kindly spirit.
B. It is associated with the ideals of actual nobility; gallantry, courage,
strength, richness, gentleness and fairness.
C. It is known for the enjoyment of giving but it is more than just giving; the
purpose, motive behind it matter too. If those reasons aren’t in good shape,
then it is not qualify as generosity.
D. It is an offering from one's abundance without thought of recompense or
expectation of return in order to enhance and enrich the lives of others.
2. LOVE
A. It is a strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties.
B. It is when you wake up in the morning and you feel like the world is for
you.
C. The process of offering concern, comfort and outward assistance for
someone.
D. It is not a feeling but a mere action; it is a manifestation of emotion, a
choice, a moment of faith where we decide, with all of ourselves.
3. KINDNESS
A. It is defined as the quality of being friendly, generous and considerate.
B. It connotes that a person is naïve or weak but it often requires courage
and strength.
C. A behaviour marked by ethical characteristics, a pleasant disposition, and
a concern for others.
D. It’s about living with integrity, knowing what your principles and important
“ethical characteristics” are, and what right and wrong means in your life.
4. TRUST
A. It is assured reliance on the character of someone.
B. It means being able to predict what other people will do and what
situations will occur.
C. It is an assurance to someone but it is also a belief in a probability that a
person will behave in certain ways.
D. It is both emotional and logical act; it is where you expose your
vulnerabilities to people, believing they will not take advantage of your
openness.
5. HATE
A. It is intense feeling usually deriving from fear or anger.
B. It is sometimes the cause behind giving unfair treatment.
C. They say it is the root of evil but it exists because love was with it first.
D. It means to turn dislike into an active desire to hurt.

RECAP

We have learned that defining words is as important as learning how to

correct grammar. It simply improves all areas of communication – listening,
speaking, reading and writing. A good definition will come along way
especially if it is well defined in all aspect. In line with defining words, there
are a lot of ways on how you’re going to explore the complexity of definitions;
three of those are Description, Exemplification and Contrasting. In
constructing any of these definitions, observing correct grammar is also a
priority. Each should be focused on clarifying meanings for better
understanding of unfamiliar words.

LESSON

Definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign

or symbol. In other words, a definition explains through clarification and
further explanation what we are trying to say with one or a few short words.
It is also based upon a concise, logical pattern that includes as much
information as it can within a minimum amount of space. But defining words
is not simple as you thought it is. Defining terms in writing is often more
complicated than just consulting a dictionary. Like our culture, definitions
vary from one perspective to another.

One of the types of Definition is the so called “Extended Definition”; it pins

down the meaning of a specific word, or defines an abstract concept. It also
goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition. One of the techniques in
writing extended definition is by giving Contrasting Example, it us used to
illustrate what may not be included. It is also necessary because it makes the
other definitions used clear as it also defines what is contrast on the term
being defined.

Contrasting example is showing how the topic differs from others in the
same class. While similarities exist between two items, differences between
them do occur, too. For instance, a whale and a shark have the same
appearance and habitat; however, the former is a mammal, whereas the latter
is a fish.

Look at the example

Sport (Term)
 Contrasting Definition – Sport has been practice since pre-historic times
but it is a relatively new subject in research.

If you’re going to look for the meaning of “sport” in the dictionary, you will
just find a cliché definition; a definition that is known to everyone. But with
the use of extended definition, you go beyond simple meaning and with the
use of contrasting example, it showcased contrast statements but still in the
same class.

Another example

Pride (term)

Contrasting Definition - Pride is a feeling of deep satisfaction resulting

from one’s achievements but excessive pride is also harmful when you feel
like your superior to others.

Contrasting statements joined by the conjunction, “but”. Contrasting yet

it still defines what pride is. The definition given was not simple as dictionary
can give. It goes beyond the term for deeper understanding.

Another example,

Bravery (Term)

Contrasting Definition - Bravery is the state of showing mental strength

to face danger, however it is not only about not being afraid all the time, you
can fear something but face it in the same time.

Another two contrasting ideas yet the goal is still the same: define what
bravery is.

By those examples, you can see how powerful a definition is. For most
people, they look up to dictionary for easier understanding of a term but
expanded definition is there to help you understand the word in a matter
which dictionary can’t give.

Definition might look simple but it establishes the way in which people
communicate ideas.
 In addition in using contrasting definition, you must be able to know basic
conjunction to use whenever you are contrasting statements in a sentence.
Below are the basic conjunctions used:

But Unlike Otherwise

However Nonetheless Instead

Yet By contrast While

Despite Although Even though

ACTIVITIES

Identify what term is being defined. You will just choose your
answers in the box below. Definitions given used contrasting example.

Success Frustration Self-esteem

Commitment Beauty Happiness
Hero Loyalty Marriage Respect

_____1. It is when you feel so confident in every situation but if there are bad
days, you automatically doubt yourself, you fall prone to blame and stress.

_____2. It is a union of two people who vow to be together yet when uncertainty
came, some forgets the vow they made.

_____3. It is an emotion that occurs in situations where a person is blocked

from reaching a desired outcome; however it is not necessarily bad since it
can act as a motivator to change.

_____4. It promotes relationship longevity but it motivates people to sacrifice

self-interest on behalf of the relationship.

_____5. It is based on positive thinking yet it requires you to be suspicious on

the intention of others.
_____6. It is someone who is admired for courage or noble qualities but as
society evolves, it is someone who does something we couldn’t do or don’t
think we could possibly do.

_____7. It is a state, not a trait; in other words, it isn’t a long-lasting,

permanent feature or personality trait, but a more fleeting, changeable state.

_____8. It is about being honest yet not sharing everything you feel or think
with whoever you’re close with.

_____9. It equals wealth; however wealth is truly such small silvers of it.

_____10. It is no quality in things; it exists merely in the mind which

contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different view on it.

WRAP-UP

The following are the things I have learned about the lesson:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

VALUING

Definitions enable us to have a common understanding of a word or

subject. It allows us to all be on the same page when discussing or reading
about an issue.

Defining terms within a relationship, or any other context, can at first

be difficult. But once a definition is established between two people or a group
of people, it is easier to have productive dialogues. Definitions, then, establish
the way in which people communicate ideas.

Nowadays, clarity and unity of ideas are what we need, in learning

today’s topic, we also learn that though we are separate in learning, the
process may be different as well but the outcome of it will be the same if we
both work on the same page or we both understand a specific idea on a same
note.

POSTTEST

IDENTIFYING THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS. Each definition

contains either a single error on no error. Select the underlined portion
that needs to be changed in order to make the definition correct. If the
definition is already correct, then select choice D. Encircle the letter of
your answer.

1. Ambitious is widely thought of in a favourable light, but some view it

A B
as the root behind greed which are associated with the darker side of
C
humanity. No error
D

2. Humility is perhaps an under-rated virtue. It sound like a very

A B
Biblical trait. However, just because humility is old-fashioned
C
does not mean that it is no longer important. No error
D

3. Sense of humor refers to the ability to find things funny; those who
A
have tend to be more creative. But there is a line between well-
B
intentioned humor and mean-spirited jokes; most humor is based on
C
getting a laugh at somebody else’s expense. No error
D
 4. Confidence means feeling sure of yourself and your abilities but being
A B
extremely confident might harm people around you by boasting your
C
self-proclaimed abilities. No Error
D

5. Dignity is about respect, it means being valued and respected. And

A B
dignity is more than that, it is our inherit value and worth as human

beings; everyone is born with it. No error

C D

10. Beauty

KEY TO CORRECTION
9. Success

8. Loyalty
7. Happiness
6. Hero
5. B 5. Respect 5. C

4. D 4. Commitment 4. C
3. D 3. Frustration 3. B

2. B 2. Marriage 2. D

1. A 1. Self-esteem 1. C

Posttest Activity Pretest

References
https://www.prismnet.com/-hcexres/textbook/def.html

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/agavemountain/extended-definitions-1132833

https://www.ou.edu/englhal/extdef.html

https://umd.instructure.com/courses/1087526/pages/11-techniques-of-
extended-definition

https://www.solidessay.com/our-services/how-to-write-an-extended-definition-
essay

https://www.academia.edu/5776208/ENGLISH_103_BASIC_TECHNIQUES_IN_TE
CHNICAL_WRITING