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Psychoanalysis

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44 views

Psychoanalysis

Uploaded by

kevinmalinao22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Psychoanalysis

• a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat


mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and
unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and
conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream
interpretation and free association.
Sigmund Freud
Was the founder of psychoanalysis and, over his immensely
productive and extraordinary career, developed groundbreaking
theories about the nature and workings of the human mind, which
went on to have an immeasurable impact on both psychology and
Western culture as a whole.
Brief background of Sigmund Freud
He was born in Freiberg, Moravia (now part of Czech Republic) Freud
was the first born of Jacob and Amalle Nathanson Freud
• Although Freud’s family had limited finances, his parents made
every effort to support his intellectual capacities.
• The most creative phase of Freud’s life was when he experienced
severe emotional problems.
• He analyzed himself and discovered the “royal road to the
unconscious.”
• Freud was very rigid and show very little tolerance to other
colleagues who diverged from his psychoanalytic doctrines. Freud
was highly creative and productive. Freud considered himself as
intellectual giant.
• Freud basically views the human nature as deterministic. (Corey,
2009).
• Freud was mostly neutral or pessimistic about the nature of
humans. (Flanagan & Flanagan, 2004).
• According to six dimensions (Feist &
• Feist, 2009), Freud’s view of human nature can be summarized as
follows:
• deterministic, causal, pessimistic, unconscious, biological
and both unique/similar.

Techniques in Psychoanalysis:
Free association
• Is a technique made by Sigmund Freud. In which the clients are
encouraged to talk any thoughts or images that enter their head.
Without any editing or censoring of words no matter how brutal or
disturbing it was you need to say it in this type of technique.
Dream analysis
• is the investigation of repressed feelings that can be expressed in
our dreams. Psychoanalytic theory believes repressed feelings often
manifest themselves in our dreams. This happens because our
defences are lowered when we sleep. Dream analysis helps uncover
this unconscious material.
Interpretation of Parapraxes
• Parapraxes or also called Freudian slip is a general term for minor
errors such as slips of the tongue, mistakes in writing, motor
movements, forgetting things, and small accidents. Freud called such
phenomena the “Psychopathology of Everyday Life” and attributed
them to the unconscious forces (Chaplin, 1985).
Transference in psychoanalytic theory
• Is when you project feelings about someone else onto your
therapist. A classic example of transference is when a client falls in
love with their therapist. However, one might also transfer feelings of
rage, anger, distrust, or dependence
Conscious and unconscious mind
• According to Freud (1915), the unconscious mind is the primary
source of human behaviour. Like an iceberg, the most important part
of the mind is the part you cannot see. While we are fully aware of
what is happening in the conscious mind, we have no idea what
information is stored in the unconscious mind.

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
The personality consists of three systems: the id, the ego, and the
superego. These are names for psychological structures and should
not be thought of as manikins that separately operate the
personality; one’s personality functions as a whole rather than as
three discrete segments. The id is the biological component, the ego
is the psychological component, and the superego is the social
component (Corey, 2009).
ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO

ID
• Present from birth
• Unconscious
• Driven by pleasure principle, which strives for immediate
gratification of all
Desires, wants, and needs

EGO
• Dealing with reality
• Functions in conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind

SUPEREGO
• Internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both
parents and society-our sense of right and wrong
• Making judgements

Drives and instincts


• According to Freud, humans are born with coexisting instincts
namely life instincts (Eros) and death instinct (Thanatos). The life
instinct functions to meet basic needs for love and intimacy, sex, and
survival of the individual and species. He believed that the aim of life
is death (Neukrug, 2011). Instincts are raw, possesses no conscience,
and are largely unconscious. Thus, humans must find ways to restrict
these especially if living in the civilized world.
EGO defence mechanism
• It serve a useful function by protecting the ego against this kind of
conflict or pain of anxiety (Feist & Feist, 2009). Ego defenses are
normal behaviors that can have adaptive value provided they do not
become a style of life that enables the individual to avoid facing
reality (Corey, 2009).
Defence Mechanisms:
Repression
Repression is an unconscious mechanism employed by the ego to
keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious

Denial
Involves blocking external events from awareness. If some situation is
just to much to handle, the person just refuses to experience it.

Projection
This involves individuals attributing their own unacceptable thoughts
and motives to another person

Displacement
Satisfying an impulse (e.g aggression) with a substitute object

Regression
This movement back in psychological time when one is faced with
stress
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

• One of Freud’s contributions is that he believed that childhood


experiences strongly influence adult personality. Personality
development involves a series of conflicts between individual, who
wants to satisfy his or her instinctual impulses, and the social
environment (especially the family), which restricts this kind of
desire. Through development, the individual finds ways to get as
much hedonic gratification as possible, given the constraints in
society. These adaptational strategies constitute the personality
(Cloniger, 2004). These stages are known as Oral phase, Anal phase,
Phallic phase, Latency Period, Genital Period.
ORAL PHASE
Infant achieves gratification through oral activities such as feeding,
thumb sucking and babbling
0-2 years old
PHALLIC PHASE
The child learns to realize the differences btween males and females
and becomes aware of sexuality
3-7 years old
ANAL PHASE
2-3 years old
The chid learns to respond to some of the demands of society (such
as bowel and bladder control)
LATENCY PERIOD
The child continues his or her development but sexual urges are
relatively quiet
7-11 years old
GENITAL PERIOD
The growing adolescence shakes off old dependencies andlearns to
deal maturely with opposite gender
11-Adult

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