2/21/24, 11:54 AM Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

In the previous chapters, we have discussed SSBSC modulation and demodulation.

To avoid this loss, a technique is chosen, which is a compromise between DSBSC and
SSBSC. This technique is known as Vestigial Side Band Suppressed Carrier
(VSBSC) technique. The word “vestige” means “a part” from which, the name is
derived.

VSBSC Modulation is the process, where a part of the signal called as vestige is
modulated along with one sideband. The frequency spectrum of VSBSC wave is
shown in the following figure.

Along with the upper sideband, a part of the lower sideband is also being transmitted
in this technique. Similarly, we can transmit the lower sideband along with a part of
the upper sideband. A guard band of very small width is laid on either side of VSB in
order to avoid the interferences. VSB modulation is mostly used in television
transmissions.

Bandwidth of VSBSC Modulation

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2/21/24, 11:54 AM Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

We know that the bandwidth of SSBSC modulated wave is fm . Since the VSBSC
modulated wave contains the frequency components of one side band along with the
vestige of other sideband, the bandwidth of it will be the sum of the bandwidth of
SSBSC modulated wave and vestige frequency fv .

i.e., Bandwidth of VSBSC Modulated Wave = fm + fv

Advantages

Following are the advantages of VSBSC modulation.

Highly efficient.
Reduction in bandwidth when compared to AM and DSBSC waves.
Filter design is easy, since high accuracy is not needed.
The transmission of low frequency components is possible, without any
difficulty.
Possesses good phase characteristics.

Disadvantages

Following are the disadvantages of VSBSC modulation.

Bandwidth is more when compared to SSBSC wave.

Applications

The most prominent and standard application of VSBSC is for the transmission of
television signals. Also, this is the most convenient and efficient technique when
bandwidth usage is considered.

Now, let us discuss about the modulator which generates VSBSC wave and the
demodulator which demodulates VSBSC wave one by one.

Generation of VSBSC
Generation of VSBSC wave is similar to the generation of SSBSC wave. The VSBSC
modulator is shown in the following figure.

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2/21/24, 11:54 AM Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

In this method, first we will generate DSBSC wave with the help of the product
modulator. Then, apply this DSBSC wave as an input of sideband shaping filter. This
filter produces an output, which is VSBSC wave.

The modulating signal m (t) and carrier signal Ac cos(2πfc t) are applied as inputs
to the product modulator. Hence, the product modulator produces an output, which
is the product of these two inputs.

Therefore, the output of the product modulator is

p (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)m (t)

Apply Fourier transform on both sides

Ac
P (f ) = [M (f − fc ) + M (f + fc )]
2

The above equation represents the equation of DSBSC frequency spectrum.

Let the transfer function of the sideband shaping filter be H (f ). This filter has the
input p (t)and the output is VSBSC modulated wave s (t). The Fourier transforms of
p (t) and s (t) are P (t) and S (t) respectively.

Mathematically, we can write S (f ) as

S (t) = P (f ) H (f )

Substitute P (f ) value in the above equation.

Ac
S (f ) = [M (f − fc ) + M (f + fc )] H (f )
2

The above equation represents the equation of VSBSC frequency spectrum.

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2/21/24, 11:54 AM Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

Demodulation of VSBSC
Demodulation of VSBSC wave is similar to the demodulation of SSBSC wave. Here,
the same carrier signal (which is used for generating VSBSC wave) is used to detect
the message signal. Hence, this process of detection is called as coherent or
synchronous detection. The VSBSC demodulator is shown in the following figure.

In this process, the message signal can be extracted from VSBSC wave by
multiplying it with a carrier, which is having the same frequency and the phase of the
carrier used in VSBSC modulation. The resulting signal is then passed through a Low
Pass Filter. The output of this filter is the desired message signal.

Let the VSBSC wave be s (t) and the carrier signal is Ac cos(2πfc t).

From the figure, we can write the output of the product modulator as

v (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t)s (t)

Apply Fourier transform on both sides

Ac
V (f ) = [S (f − fc ) + S (f + fc )]
2

We know that
Ac
S (f ) = [M (f − fc ) + M (f + fc )] H (f )
2

From the above equation, let us find S (f − fc ) and S (f + fc ).

Ac
S (f − fc ) = [M (f − fc − fc ) + M (f − fc + fc )] H (f − fc )
2

Ac
⇒ S (f − fc ) = [M (f − 2fc ) + M (f )] H (f − fc )
2

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2/21/24, 11:54 AM Analog Communication - VSBSC Modulation

Ac
S (f + fc ) = [M (f + fc − fc ) + M (f + fc + fc )] H (f + fc )
2

Ac
⇒ S (f + fc ) = [M (f ) + M (f + 2fc )] H (f + fc )
2

Substitute, S (f − fc ) and S (f + fc ) values in V (f ).

Ac Ac
V (f ) = [ [M (f − 2fc ) + M (f )]H (f − fc )+
2 2

Ac
[M (f ) + M (f + 2fc )]H (f + fc )]
2

2
Ac
⇒ V (f ) = M (f ) [H (f − fc ) + H (f + fc )]
4

2
Ac
+ [M (f − 2fc ) H (f − fc ) + M (f + 2fc ) H (f + fc )]
4

In the above equation, the first term represents the scaled version of the desired
message signal frequency spectrum. It can be extracted by passing the above signal
through a low pass filter.

2
Ac
V0 (f ) = M (f ) [H (f − fc ) + H (f + fc )]
4

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