Microstrip Stop-Band Filter using Split-Ring Resonator

Mohammed Bendaoued Rachid Mandry Aytouna Fouad Terhzaz jaouad

LMEET FSTS, University LMEET FSTS, University Faculty of Sciences Regional Center for the
of Hassan 1st, Morocco of Hassan 1st, Morocco Tetuan, Morocco Trades of Education and
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Training (CRMEF),
Casablanca-settat, Morocco

ABSTRACT
1 INTRODUCTION
In this work we present the design and simulation of a
novel compact Microstrip Band-stop filter (BSF) using Microstrip bandstop filters are become more attractive in
metamaterial structures in the top side of the substrate. modern wireless communication system because of their
The technique proposed in this study is based on the use low cost and simplicity of integration with other
of stepped-impedance resonators (SIR). The double RF/microwave circuits. Its exists many techniques to
Split-ring Resonator (SRR) shape are used as design microstrip bandstop filters. One of them is to use
metamaterial structures to realize the stop-band shunt open-circuited resonators that are quarter-
characteristic and the stepped-impedance resonators are wavelength long, Which has advantage to filter out
utilized to reduce the size of the filter structure. The narrowband signals [1-2].
simulation results show good performances in the
rejected band which validate the function of the We can also find more techniques used to design such
microstrip filter. band stop filter structures like the use of periodic
structures, defected ground plane structure, they are
KEYWORDS more demanded for wide band communication systems.
Microstrip, Band-Stop, Metamaterial, Split-Ring
Stop-band filters are typically used in RF/microwave
Resonator.
field research which has many advantages as the
suppression of undesired responses, reject unwanted
frequencies and pass desired frequencies and the
elimination of interfering signals.
The stop-band characteristic can be obtained by using
many dsign techniques. In this study we use the
metamaterial structures which have several advantages.
A metamaterial is a material engineered to have a
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or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or property that is not found in nature [3]. They are made
distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from
and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work
owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is composite materials such as metals or plastics. They
permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to
lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from have both negative permittivity and permeability.
[email protected]. The materials are usually arranged in repeating patterns,
ICCWCS'17, November 14–16, 2017, Larache, Morocco © 2017 Association for at scales that are smaller than the wavelengths of the
Computing Machinery. phenomena they influence. Metamaterials derive their
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5306-9/17/11…$15.00
https://doi.org/10.1145/3167486.3167562 properties not from the properties of the base materials,
but from their newly designed structures. Their
precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and
arrangement gives them their smart properties capable of
ICCWCS’17, November 2017, Larache, Morocco M. Bendaoued et al.

manipulating electromagnetic waves: by blocking,

absorbing, enhancing, or bending waves, to achieve
benefits that go beyond what is possible with
conventional materials.
The double negative metamaterials have been first
introduced theoritically by Veselago in 1968 [4-6]. In
which he made a description of materials exhibiting
different combinations of positive or negative values of
the dielectric permittivity and the magnetic permeability.
As mentioned by the dispersion equation, the relation
between the frequency and the wavevector k is given, in
general form as : Figure 1: Array of metallic wires. The wires have radius
r and a lattice constant equal to a. The incident magnetic
ωమ
ε − kଶ δ୧୨ + k ୧ k୨ = 0 (1) field is parallel to the axis of the cylinders.
ୡమ ୧୨

This becomes, in the case of isotropic substance: After many years of research Split-Ring Resonators
னమ (SRR) are widely used in the most important structures
kଶ = nଶ , where nଶ = ϵμ (2)
ୡమ in the design and the fabrication of filters and diplexers.
In this paper a microstrip loaded Split-Ring Resonators
From the equation, it can be seen that a solution for n2 are used to design a novel stop-band filter structure. By
will exist whenever Ɛ>0 and µ>0 or when Ɛ<0 and µ<0. using this technique an elementary unit cell has been
A big step in the implementation of left hands material theoretically studied to show the behavior of the
was given, when Pendry [7] proposed a novel type metamaterial structures. If we vary the metamaterial
structure called Split Ring Resonator (SRR). The shape geometry, the corresponding permeability and
consists on a pair of concentric rings, with slits etched in permittivity can be altered and thus we can control the
opposite sides. The initial study takes into account an position of the stop band as we desire.
array of metallic wires. Considering the average of The proposed microstrip band-stop filter is composed
magnetic field values induced when an incident H0 field from periodic SRR which will be discussed in this study.
is applied parallel to an array of metallic wires as shown Since the practical appearance of Metamaterials in 2001,
in Fig.1. researchers have proposed filter structures based on
Metamaterials [8-9], with the aim of making filters more
మσ
ଵା୧. compact and reconfigurable.
Hୟ୴ୣ = H଴ .
ω౨µబ
π౨మ మσ
(3)
൤ଵି మ ൨ା୧. The first work of the Burokur team was the realization of
౗ ω౨µబ
a band-cut filter based on a network of RAF (Fused Ring
Resonator) cells and a 50Ω transmission line, the results
A value for the effective magnetic permeability of this
obtained by this team show a stop-band around the
medium can be obtained as:
frequency of resonance of the cell RAF. After that many
ಘమ
research studies were done by using others shape like
౗మ
μୣ୤୤ = 1 − మಚ (4) SRR, the results obtained permit to eliminate the
ଵା୧.
ಡ౨ಔబ parasitic bands of the filters, as well as improve their
level of rejection.
In this part we present a conventional double split-ring
resonator unit cell and its equivalent LC model. The Fig.
2 shows double split-ring resonator unit cell, its consists
of two concentric square-shaped rings.

2
Microstrip Stop-Band Filter using Split-Ring Resonator ICCWCS’17, November 2017, Larach, Morocco

Figure 2: Conventional SRR unitcell and LC model

Based on this model, the resonance frequency of SRR is

given by

ଵ
f଴ = (5)
ଶ஠ඥ୐౩ େ౩
Figure 3: Geometry of the proposed SBF structure.
The permittivity and permeability are given by the
equations: The optimized dimensions are presented in Table 1.
୥
εୣ୤୤ ሺωሻ = 2ε୮ − (6)
னమ ୐బ ୢ Table 1: Dimensions of the proposed SBF structure
୥
μୣ୤୤ ሺωሻ = 2μ୮ − (7) Parameters Values (mm)
னమ େబ ୢ
LS 35.5
Where ϵ୮ and μ୮ are positive parameters of the line, g is
WS 29
L1 15
a geometrical factor that gives the relation between wave L2 13
impedance of the effective medium and the characteristic L3 11
impedance of the transmission line network and the unit L4 7
cell dimension. There are also two frequencies fୡଵ and W1 2
fୡଶ known as plasma frequencies at which εୣ୤୤ ሺωሻ and W2 1
μୣ୤୤ ሺωሻ becomes zero [10]. W3 2
W4 4
ଵ ୥
fୡଵ = − (8) W5 4
ଶ஠ ஜ౦ େబ ୢ

ଵ ୥ The final microstrip SBF ‘Stop Band Filter’ structure is

fୡଶ = (9)
ଶ஠ க౦ ୐బ ୢ mounted on an FR4 substrate having a thickness of
1.6mm, a dielectric permittivity Ɛr =4.4 and loss tangent
2 DESIGN PROCEDURE tanδ=0.025. After many series of optimization using
Momentum electromagnetic solver, we have validated
Firstly, we have started the design of this structure by
the proposed stop band filter depicted in Fig.3.
passingfrom a simple microstrip line, then we have
inserted two double square shape split-ring resonators as The proposed microstrip filter is simulated by using
metamaterial structures. Then we have implemented in electromagnetic solver ADS. The Fig. 4 illustrates the S
each side of the center line two double square shape parameters of the final filter structure.
(SRR) structures. After many series of optimization
using methods integrated in ADS (Advanced Design
System), we have validated into simulation the proposed
microstrip SBF presented in Figure 3. The final SBF
structure contains 4 double square SRR uni tcell.

3
ICCWCS’17, November 2017, Larache, Morocco M. Bendaoued et al.

Figure 4: The S parameters of the proposed SBF

structure.
(b) At 3.291 GHz
As shown in figurecccc 4 we have obtained good results
in term of insertion loss around -15dB in the rejected
Figure 5: the current distribution at 4 GHz (a) and at
band and a stop band wide of 138 MHz centered at 3.279
GHz. 3.291 GHz (b).

These results are due to the insertion of the double 3 CONCLUSION

square SRR up and down of the microstrip line, as This work comes with a new configuration of SBF
metamaterial structure which permit to obtain the structure. This topology is based on the use of microstrip
rejected band and also permit a miniaturization of the technology and the use of metamaterial structures. The
microstrip filter structure. choice of the patterns is based on theoretical study to
improve the stop-band obtained in the simulation results.
After the validation of the final filter structure, we have The idea was to insert double square split-ring resonator
launched a simulation which confirms the function of the in the two sides up and down of the microstrip line
proposed microstrip filter. Fig. 5 presents two current which permits to obtain the stop-band filter with a
distributions, one out of pass band at 4 GHz and another rejected frequency band of 138 MHz. The methodology
in the stop-band at 3.291 GHz which confirm the followed in this work can be used to achieve an others
operation frequency bands of the proposed microstrip stop-band filters for many applications by using
filter. metamaterial structures. The final circuit is miniature
having total of area of 35.5 x 29 mm2.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We have to thank Pr. M. Latrach and his research Team
RF & Microwave in ESEO Engineering institute in
Angers in France for all the support brought to our
research studies by permitting us to use Electromagnetic
solvers and instruments of test.

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Microstrip Stop-Band Filter using Split-Ring Resonator ICCWCS’17, November 2017, Larach, Morocco

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