Syllabus

NATIONAL STUDIES
List of Learning Outcomes:
LO1: Maintain a Zimbabwean culture
LO2: Preserve Zimbabwean History
LO3: Assemble components of colonial effects
LO4: Analyse post-independence socioeconomic and political developments
LO5: Carry out a feasibility study on peace, conflict and resolution
LO6: Participate in civic responsibilities
LO7 Assemble components of legal and parliamentary affairs
Learning Outcome 01
Maintain a Zimbabwean culture
Assessment Criteria:
1.1. Preserve cultural heritage
1.2. Conserve cultural art facts
1.3. Demonstrate knowledge of Zimbabwean culture
1.4. Capture records of maintaining natural resources of Zimbabwe
1.5. Preserve indigenous knowledge systems
Content:
1.1.Preserve cultural heritage
1.1.1. Definition of cultural heritage
1.1.2. Types of cultural heritage
1.1.3. Importance of cultural heritage
1.1.4.Indigenous methods of preserving and conserving cultural heritage
1.1.5.Modern ways of preserving and conserving cultural heritage
1.1.6.Role of national and international organisations in protecting cultural heritage
1.2. Conserve cultural art facts
1.2.1. Identification of cultural art facts
1.2.2. Threats to cultural art facts
1.2.3. Importance of cultural art facts
1.2.4. Ways of protecting cultural art facts
1.3. Demonstrate knowledge of Zimbabwean culture
1.3.1. Components of Zimbabwean culture
1.3.2. Significance of components of the Zimbabwean Culture
1.3.3. Threats to various components of the Zimbabwean Culture
1.3.4. Ways of upholding the Zimbabwean Culture
1.4. Capture records of maintaining natural resources of Zimbabwe
1.4.1. Types of natural resources
1.4.2. Importance of natural resources
1.4.3. Indigenous and modern methods of protecting natural Resources
1.4.4. National and international statutes that protect national Resources
1.5. Preserve indigenous knowledge systems
1.5.1. Definition of indigenous knowledge systems
1.5.2. Components of indigenous knowledge systems
1.5.3. Meanings and significance of indigenous knowledge systems
1.5.4. Insights gained from indigenous knowledge systems
 Learning Outcome 02
Preserve Zimbabwean History
Assessment Criteria
2.1 Identify precolonial states
2.2 Analyse precolonial political structure
2.3 Record achievements of precolonial history
2.4 Record colonial history
2.5 Record role of Christian missionaries
2.6 Record occupation of Zimbabwe
2.7 Trace causes of first /second Chimurenga
Content
2.1 Identify precolonial states
2.1.1 Defining term precolonial
2.1.2. Identifying precolonial states
2.1.3 Precolonial socioeconomic organisation
2.1.4. Causes of decline of precolonial states
2.1.5. Influence of precolonial civilisation on contemporary society
2.2Analyse precolonial political structure
2.2.1 System of governance of precolonial states
2.2.2 Features of the precolonial system
2.2.3. Influence of precolonial governance on contemporary society
2.3Record achievements of precolonial history
2.3.1 Impact of precolonial achievements and political development
2.4 Record colonial history
2.4.1 Partition and colonisation of Africa
2.4.2 Berlin conference
2.4.3 Causes/ reasons for the colonisation/occupation of Zimbabwe
2.4.4 Colonisation steps/processes in Zimbabwe
2.5. Record role of Christian missionaries
2.5.1 Socioeconomic and political impact of Christian missionaries in Zimbabwe
2.6. Record occupation of Zimbabwe
2.6.1 Colonial Administration from 1894 to 1923
1.2.6.2 Socioeconomic and political impact of colonisation in Zimbabwe
2.7 Trace causes of first /Second Chimurenga
2.7.1 Causes and results of the Anglo - Ndebele war
1.7.2 Causes and results of the 1st Chimurenga / Umvukela
2.7.3. African reaction to socioeconomic and political colonial administration
2.7.4. Causes and results of the 2nd Chimurenga
2.7.5. Socioeconomic and political impact of the 1st and 2nd Chimurenga
2.7.6. Prosecution of the war of liberation
2.7.6 Social and political impact of heroes/heroines
 Learning Outcome 03
Assemble components of colonial effects
Assessment Criteria
3.1 Demarcate administrative boundaries
3.2. Exploit natural resources (minerals, wildlife, land, water Vegetation, etc.)
3.3. Change traditional religion
3.4. Introduce foreign food crops and livestock
3.5. Change forms of trade
3.6. Change education systems
3.7. Introduce new legal systems
3.8. Introduce Capitalistic relations
3.9. Violate Human rights
3.10. Analyse results of colonisation
Content
3.1 Demarcate administrative boundaries
3.1.1. Factors that led to demarcation of boundaries
3.1.2. Distribution of land and uses
3.1.3. Consequences of establishing administrative boundaries
3.2. Exploit natural resources (minerals, wildlife, land, water Vegetation etc.)
3.2.1. Geographical distribution of available resources
3.2.2. Measures enacted to exploit the resources
3.2.3. Consequences of exploiting the resources (Social, political, economic)
3.3. Change traditional religion
3.3.1. The nature of African traditional religion prior to colonisation
3.3.2. The role of religion in the African societies
3.3.3. The introduction of foreign religion
3.3.4. The effect of foreign religion on African societies
3.3.5. The place of African Traditional religion in contemporary society
3.4. Introduce foreign food crops and livestock
3.4.1. Nature and significance of African food crops and livestock
3.4.2. Types of foreign crops introduced
3.4.3. Consequences of the foreign crops and livestock on African Societies
3.4.4. The sustainability of traditional versus foreign crops and livestock in contemporary
Zimbabwean society
3.5. Change forms of trade
3.5.1. Nature and benefits of trade prior to colonisation
3.5.2. Nature of trade during colonisation
3.5.3. Effects of trade during colonial era on African societies.
3.5.4. Influence of trade patterns to contemporary society
3.6. Change education systems
3.6.1. Nature and purpose of Traditional African Education system
3.6.2. Nature and purpose of Colonial education
3.6.3. Consequences of Colonial education on African Societies
3.6.4. Influence of colonial education to contemporary society
3.7. Introduce new legal systems
3.7.1. Nature of African legal system prior to colonisation.
3.7.2. Nature of colonial legislation (social, political and economic)
3.7.3. Purpose of colonial legal system
3.7.5. Consequences of colonial legal system to colonial and contemporary African societies

3.8. Introduce Capitalistic relations

3.8.1. Nature of African relations before colonisation
3.8.2. Introduction of capitalist relations
3.8.3. Effects of capitalist relations during the colonial era and the contemporary society
3.9. Violate Human rights
3.9.1. Definition of human rights
3.9.2. Nature of human rights violations in the colonial era
3.9.3. Response to human rights violations during the colonial era
3.10. Analyse results of colonisation
3.10.1. Social effects of colonisation on African Societies
3.10.2. Economic effects of colonisation on African Societies
3.10.3. Political effects of colonisation on African societies
3.10.4. Benefits and non-benefits of colonisation

Learning outcome O4
Analyse post-independence socioeconomic and political developments
Assessment Criteria
4.1 Analyse socioeconomic, political developments
4.2Formulate Policies
4.3 Adopt measures to address colonial injustices
Content
4.1 Examine socioeconomic and political developments
4.1.1 Social-economic and political post-independence developments
4.1.2 Critique of post-independent development
4.2 Formulate Policies
4.2.1 Legislation that addressed colonial injustices
4.2.2 Impact of post-independent legislation
4.2.3 Comparison of colonial and post-independence legislation
4.3 Adopt measures to address colonial injustices
4.3.1 Socio-economic and political measures to address colonial injustices
4.3.2 Impact of measures to address colonial injustices
4.3.3 Colonial vestiges
4.3.4 Strategies to address colonial vestiges
Learning Outcome 05
Carry out a feasibility study on peace, conflict and resolution
Assessment Criteria
5.1. Demonstrate Conflict and resolution styles
5.2. Demonstrate 3Cs between Zimbabwe and the global community
5.3. Analyse Strategies for sustaining peace
5.4. Analyse the influence of multi-national companies in developing countries
5.5. Examine the benefits of International capital to developing countries
Content
5.1. Demonstrate Conflict and resolution styles
5.1.1 Defining conflict and conflict resolution
5.1.2 Identifying and explaining conflict resolution styles
5.1.3 Impact of conflict resolution to socio-economic development
5.1.5 Traditional African conflict resolution methods.

5.2. Demonstrate 3Cs between Zimbabwe and the global community

5.2.1 Defining terms Conflict, competition and co-operation
5.2.2 Impact of 3Cs to economic development
5.2.3 Approaches/Theories to International Relations
5.2.4 Global power balance
5.2.5 Zimbabwean foreign policy
5.2.6 Zimbabwean regional and international interventions
5.3. Analyse Strategies for sustainable peace
5.3.1 Defining peace and sustainable peace
5.3.2 Importance of peace to socio-economic and political Development
5.3.3. Impact of sanctions on development
5.3.4 Strategies for sustainable peace
5.3.5 Role of NGOs in the development of sustainable peace
5.3.6 Role of media in promoting and maintaining peace
5.4. Analyse the influence of multi-national companies in developing countries
5.4.1 Role of multi-national companies in developing countries
5.4.2 International capital and imperialism
5.4.3 The IMF/WB Institutions
5.4.4 Impact of Non-Governmental Organisations in developing countries
5.5 Examine the benefits of International capital to developing countries
5.5.1 Characteristics of finance capital
5.5.2 International economic relations
5.5.3 Features of Globalisation
5.5.4 Benefits and non-benefits of globalisation
Learning Outcome 06
Participate in civic responsibilities
Assessment Criteria
6.1 Undertake Civic responsibilities
6.2 Observe participation in Disaster Management
6.3 Adopt Citizen duties
Content
6.1 Undertake Civic responsibilities
6.1.1. Definition of civic responsibilities
6.1.2. Civic responsibility activities
6.1.3. Justification for civic responsibilities
6.2. Observe participation in Disaster Management
6.2.1. Definition of disaster management
6.2.2. Justification for participation in disaster management
6.2.3. Sustainable disaster management practices
6.3 Adopt Citizen duties
6.3.1. Definition of terms: citizen and citizen duties
6.3.2. Identification and explanation of citizen duties(Socio-economic & political)
6.3.3. Citizen rights
6.3.4. Importance of citizen duties

Learning outcome 07:

Assemble components of legal and parliamentary affairs
 Assessment Criteria
7.1 Identify and explain origins of law
7.2 Observe constitutional provisions
7.3 Identify and explain arms of the state
7.4 Explain Law making process
Content
7.1 Identify and explain the origins of law
7.1.1 Definition of legal terms
7.1.2 Purpose of the law to the community
7.1.3 Classification of the law
7.1.4 Sources of law in Zimbabwe
7.2 Observe constitutional provisions
7.2.1 Justification of a Zimbabwean constitution
7.2.2 Constitutional Rights as enshrined in the Zimbabwean constitution
7.2.3 Benefits of constitutional rights to the community
7.2.3 Enforcement of rights
7.2.4 Role played by stakeholders in upholding constitutional rights (NGO, Civil Societies and victim
friendly units)
7.2.5. Impediments to exercising human rights
7.2.6. Role of constitution in the community
7.3 Observe arms of the state
7.3.1 Identification of the three arms of state
7.3.2 Duties and functions of the three arms of the state
7.3.3 Importance of separation of powers to Zimbabwe
7.4 Explain Law making process
7.4.1 Steps in the Law making
7.4.2 Role of community in law making process

ELEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 1.1
Maintain a Zimbabwean culture
Performance Criteria:
1.1.9 Cultural heritage preserved
1.1.10 Cultural artefacts conserved
1.1.11 Knowledge of Zimbabwe culture demonstrated
1.1.12 Records of maintaining natural resources of Zimbabwe captured
1.1.13 Indigenous knowledge systems preserved
Element 1.2
Preserve Zimbabwean History
Performance Criteria:
1.2.1 Precolonial states identified
1.2.2 Precolonial political structure analysed
1.2.3 Achievements of precolonial history recorded
1.2.4 Colonial history recorded
1.2.5 Role of Christian missionaries recorded
1.2.6 Occupation of Zimbabwe recorded
1.2.7 Causes of First /Second Chimurenga traced
Element 1.3
Assemble components of colonial effects
 Performance Criteria:
1.3.1 New administrative boundaries demarcated
1.3.2 Natural resources exploited (minerals, wildlife, land, water, vegetation etc)
1.3.3 Traditional religion changed
1.3.4 Foreign food crops and livestock introduced
1.3.5 Education systems changed
1.3.6 Capitalistic relations introduced
1.3.7 New legal systems introduced
1.3.8. Forms of trade changed
1.3.9 Human rights violated
1.3.10 Results of colonisation analysed
Element 1.4
Analyse post-independence socio-economic and political developments
Performance Criteria:
1.4.1 Socioeconomic and political developments examined
1.4.2 Policies formulated
1.4.3 Measures to address colonial injustices adopted
Element 1.5
Carry out a feasibility study on peace, conflict and resolution
Performance Criteria:
1.5.1 Conflict and resolution styles demonstrated
1.5.2 3Cs between Zimbabwe and the global community demonstrated
1.5.3 Strategies for sustaining peace analysed
15.4 Influence of multi-national companies in developing countries analysed
1.5.5 Benefits of International capital to developing countries examined.

Element 1.6
Participate in civic responsibilities
Performance Criteria:
1.6.1 Civic responsibilities undertaken
1.6.2 Participation in disaster management observed
1.6.3 Citizen duties adopted

Element 1.7

Assemble components of legal and parliamentary affairs

Performance Criteria:

1.7.1 Origins of law identified and explained

1.7.2 Constitutional provisions observed
1.7.3 Arms of the state identified and explained
1.7.4 Law making process explained

33. Reference Materials (recommended textbooks, recommended readings)

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition (2011),
Houghton Mifflin.
Astrow, A., 1983. Zimbabwe: A Revolution That Lost Its. Way, pp.1980-1986.
Banana, C. ed., 1989. Turmoil and tenacity: Zimbabwe 1890-1990. College Press.
Batchelor, P., Kingma, K. and Lamb, G. eds., 2004. Demilitarisation and Peace-
building in Southern
Africa: Concepts and processes (Vol. 1). Gower Publishing, Ltd.
Birmingham, D. and Martin, P. eds., 1983. History of Central Africa (Vol. 2).
Addison-Wesley
Longman Limited.
Centre for Peace Initiatives in Africa, 2005. Zimbabwe: The Next 25 Years. Benaby
Printing and
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Change African Indigenous Knowledge and Disciplines
Chirimuuta, C., Gudhlanga, E. and Bhukuvhani, C., 2012. Indigenous knowledge
systems: a
panacea in education for development?
Chitiyo, T.K., 2000. Land violence and compensation: reconceptualising
Zimbabwe's land and war
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Conflict, 9(1). Chitsike, F., 2003, December. A critical analysis of the land reform
programme in Zimbabwe. In 2nd FIG Regional Conference (pp. 2-5).
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition (2014)
HarperCollins.
De Villiers, B., 2003. Land reform: issues and challenges: a comparative overview
of experiences in Zimbabwe. Namibia, South Africa and Australia, Johannesburg:
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Emeagwali and Dei, G, J.S (Eds) (2014), Anti-Colonial Educational Perspectives for
Transformative
Government of Zimbabwe, 2013. The Constitution of the Republic of Zimbabwe
Amendment
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unfinished business: Rethinking land, state and nation in the context of crisis.
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Hayes, D., 1980. Human Rights, Sussex, Wayland Publishers.
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Lalonde, A., 1991. African indigenous knowledge and its relevance to environment
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Economy.
Mkabela, Q., 2005. Using the Afrocentric method in researching indigenous African
culture. The qualitative report, 10(1), pp.178-190.
Mlambo, A.S., 2014. A history of Zimbabwe. Cambridge University Press.
Moyo, S., 2004. Overall impacts of the fast track land reform programme. African
Institute for
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Moyo, S., 2006. The evolution of Zimbabwe’s land acquisition. University of
Zimbabwe (UZ)
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Ogunbanjo, M.B., Human Rights in Africa in the new Global Order: A Dilemma?
Raftopoulos, B. and Mlambo, A. eds., 2009. Becoming Zimbabwe. A History from
the Pre-colonial Period to 2008: A History from the Pre-colonial Period to 2008.
African Books Collective.
Ranger, T., 1985. Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla Warfare in Zimbabwe: A
Comparative Study. Harare: McMillan.
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Richardson, C., 2004. The collapse of Zimbabwe in the wake of the 2000-2003 land
reforms.
Schmidt, E.S., 1992. Peasants, traders and wives: Shona women in the history of
Zimbabwe, 1870- 1939.
Shaw, W.H., 2003. ‘They Stole Our Land’: debating the expropriation of white
farms in
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Shamuyarira, N.M., 1966. Crisis in Rhodesia.
Warren, D.M., 1989. Linking scientific and indigenous agricultural systems.
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