Politics Reviewer

Citizenship
nationality is automatically conferred
based on the location of their birth.
- The etymology of Jus Soli comes from the
- Citizenship is the legal status between an
Latin word “soli” which means “soil”.
individual and a state, encompassing
- Right of the soil.
rights, duties, and mutual obligations.
- Example:
- It involves allegiance to the state in
- If a non-citizen who is born in
exchange for its protection and
Canada, has a child in Canada,
encompasses freedoms alongside
the child will automatically
corresponding responsibilities.
become a citizen of Canada.
- Citizens enjoy exclusive rights and bear
specific duties that are often restricted or
unavailable to noncitizens living in a 03. Jus Matrimoni (Citizenship by
country.
Marriage)
Types of Citizenship - Also referred to as Naturalization by
Marriage

01. Jus Sanguinis (Citizenship by Descent) - It entails the process of obtaining

citizenship in a particular country through
- The legal principle that dictates a child's marriage to a citizen of that country.
citizenship that is determined by both of - Several countries including the United
their parents. Kingdom, Germany, United States, and
- The word “ Jus Sanguinis” is a Latin word Canada offer a fast-track naturalization
which means “right of blood” process based on this criterion.
- Example: - Example:
- Any child born to Filipino - If a Filipino woman marries a
parent/s, regardless of their Canadian citizen, the Jus
location, is automatically Matrimoni principle dictates that
considered a Philippine citizen. she would acquire Canadian
citizenship.

Citizenship by Descent
04. Citizenship by Investment
To be eligible for citizenship by - Investment migration mechanism,
descent individuals must prove their whereby professionals, investors, and
Filipino lineage through birth entrepreneurs are granted full citizenship
certificates, marriage certificates, or
in exchange for their significant
other relevant documentation.
Once granted citizenship, they gain economic contributions towards the
access to various benefits, including the growth and welfare of a nation or
right to reside, work, and own property country.
in the Philippines.

How Can I Become A Philippine Citizen

02. Jus Soli or Jus Loci (Citizenship by
By Investment?
Birth) A foreign national who meets a number
- A rule of law that a child's citizenship is of criteria and who has a minimum of
determined by his or her place of birth. $75,000 that he wishes to invest in the
- The legal doctrine of Jus Soli, commonly Philippines can apply for the SIRV.
referred to as birthright citizenship, states The application process is relatively
clearly that an individual's citizenship or straightforward and takes just a few
months.
 State-Society Interactions
Special Investor Residence Visa (SIRV)
Upon completing the investment, Nation
the applicant can convert the SIRV
- Group of people who live together under
permit from temporary to indefinite. The
permit will remain valid for as long as the one government in a specific area.
investment is maintained. - They share a similar history, culture, and
After ten years of continuous often language, even if they don't have
residency, the applicant is eligible to their own country.
apply for citizenship.

State
05. Citizenship by Naturalization - Independent, ruling over a specific area
- Foreign nationals may naturalize as with clear borders that other countries
Philippine citizens after meeting a agree on.
minimum residence requirement (usually - It's in charge of itself and recognized as
10 years), acquiring real estate, its own place by other countries.
demonstrating proficiency in either English - States are tied to territory:
or Spanish as well as a Philippine - Sovereign or state as absolute
language, and fulfilling a good character ruler over territory
requirement. - Have clear borders
- Defends and controls its territory
within those borders
06. Honorary Citizenship - Is recognized by other countries
- Recognition of individuals for their (diplomatic recognition,
exceptional merit or contributions is passports, treaties, etc.)
often granted by a city or government,
known as honorary citizenship.
- This distinction, whether given to a
Country
foreigner or native, acknowledges - Four things (4) that define a country:
noteworthy qualities but does not alter - settled population
their citizenship or nationality. - a defined territory
- It's a symbolic honor, highlighting merit - government
without affecting legal status. - ability to enter into relations with
other states.

Renunciation of Citizenship Republic

Renunciation of citizenship is the voluntary act
- In a republic, people pick other people to
of giving up or relinquishing one's citizenship or
make decisions for them.
nationality. When someone renounces their
- These chosen people, elected by everyone,
citizenship, they legally and formally sever their
make laws and run the government on
ties with the country and forfeit the rights and
behalf of everyone else.
privileges associated with being a citizen.
- Everybody, including the government, has
to follow certain rules and usually a set of
laws written in something called a
How to Renounce Filipino Citizenship constitution.

- Submit documents required

- Fill-out and sign the affidavit Society
- Take the Oath of Renunciation before
- The aggregate of people living together in
the Consular Officer.
- Receive the duly notarized Affidavit of a more or less ordered community.
Renunciation of Philippine Citizenship - A group of people who live in a
and the Oath of Renunciation after. definable community and share the
same culture.
Civil Society Proactive Social Movement
- A broad term that refers to the social
sphere that exists outside of A proactive social movement is one that actively
government, including non-governmental seeks to initiate or bring about a particular
organizations, community groups, citizen change or address a social issue before it
initiatives, and businesses. becomes a significant problem.

Example: Environmental Conservation

Social Movement Movements - groups
environmental sustainability
advocating for

- Social movements are when a bunch of

people join together to achieve
something big, like changing society or
standing up against things they don't
Kinds of Social Movement
-
agree with.
They do this through things like protests,
01. Alternative Social Movement
using social media, or signing petitions. - They frequently emphasize
These movements can be about lots of self-improvement and small, targeted
different ideas, and they happen because adjustments to a person's beliefs and
people with similar views come together, behavior.
even if they don't have strict rules to - (Ex. Alcoholics Anonymous, Mothers
follow. Against Drunk Driving.)

Example:
- an environmentalist movement may 02. Redemptive Social Movement
- rely more on public protests and rallies to
put (Religious Movements)
- pressure on policymakers while another
- Are "meaning seeking," targeted at a
might
particular community, and intended to
- focus on reforms in legislation or corporate
elicit inner transformation or spiritual
- activities
growth in people.

Primary Characteristics Of Social 03. Reformative Social Movement

Movements - Aim to alter a certain aspect of the
social order.

01. Reactive - They aim for the entire population even

though they might just want a small
- A social movement responds to an change.
external crisis or event. - This also includes the women's suffrage
movement and environmental

02. Protective movements.

- When a social movement responds to an

ongoing injustice in society and the 04. Revolutionary Social Movement
people who make up the movement - Aim to drastically alter society as a
hope for change. whole, attempting to change every
aspect of it totally.

03. Constructive - Political movements like (Ex. The struggle

for communism or the Civil Rights
- When a social movement seeks to build Movement)
on the status quo but with changes that
benefit everyone in society.
Referendum 02. Social virtues
- The power of the electorate to approve - independence, open-mindedness.
or reject a legislation through an
election called for the purpose.
03. Economic virtues
- An event in which the people of a county, - work ethic, capacity to delay
state, etc., vote for or against a law that self-gratification adaptability to
deals with a specific issue. economic and technological
- A public vote on a particular issue. change.

04. Political virtues

National Referendum - to discern and respect the right
- Proposed change to the of others; willingness to demand
Constitution. only what can be paid for

Local Referendum
- Petition to put an existing law to
a vote of the people for their
approval or rejection.

Plebiscite
- Electoral process by which an initiative on
the Constitution is approved or rejected
by the people.

Civic Virtue
- The moral standards guiding an
individual's conduct within society.
- It encompasses various actions like:
- Voting
- Volunteering
- Engaging in community activities
such as organizing book groups
- Attending PTA meetings.
- The specific manifestations of civic virtue
may differ across societies, but generally
include active participation in elections,
community involvement, and prioritizing
the community's welfare over personal
interests.
- In political philosophy, civic virtue
represents the personal qualities
essential for a well-functioning civil and
political order, emphasizing values and
principles vital for its preservation.

Four (4) Types of Civic Virtues

01. General virtues
- courage, law-abidingness,
loyalty.