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Discrete Mathematics Mid 1 Solution

The document discusses discrete mathematics exam solutions including proposition forms, domains of truth for statements, implications, and conditional statements. It also defines tautology and fallacy. The solutions cover topics such as transforming statements, finding domains of truth, determining if implications are true or false, and drawing conclusions from conditional statements.

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27 views5 pages

Discrete Mathematics Mid 1 Solution

The document discusses discrete mathematics exam solutions including proposition forms, domains of truth for statements, implications, and conditional statements. It also defines tautology and fallacy. The solutions cover topics such as transforming statements, finding domains of truth, determining if implications are true or false, and drawing conclusions from conditional statements.

Uploaded by

annahian44
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

MID-01
SOLUTION
1.Transform the following statement into the proposition form-

a. Man is not immortal.

b. Mango is sweet.

Answer:

a. Proposition form: "Man is mortal." (This is the contrapositive of the original


statement "Man is not immortal", which means the same thing.)

b. Proposition form: "Mango is a sweet fruit."

2. For each for these statements find a domain for which the statements is true and a domain
for which the statement is false-

a. Everyone is studying discrete mathematics.

b. Everyone is H.S.C. pass.

c. Everyone two people have the same mother.

d. No two different people have the same grandmother.

Answer:

a.Domain for which the statement is true: A class of students who are currently
enrolled in a discrete mathematics course.

Domain for which the statement is false: The general population, since not everyone
is studying discrete mathematics.

b. Domain for which the statement is true: A group of individuals who have all
completed their H.S.C. exam and passed.

Domain for which the statement is false: The general population, since not everyone
has passed H.S.C. exam.

c. Domain for which the statement is true: A set of siblings, since they have the same
mother by definition.

Domain for which the statement is false: Any group of people that does not include
two individuals who share the same biological mother.

d. Domain for which the statement is true: Any group of people where each person
has a unique grandmother.

PAGE 1
Domain for which the statement is false: A group of people where at least two
individuals have the same grandmother.

3. Decide which of the following statements are true and which are false. Briefly explain.
1.0=1 → 1=1

2.1=1 → most horse have 4 legs.

3.If 8 is prime number, then 7264th digit of π is an 8.

4.If 7264th digit of π is an 8, then 2+2=4.

Answer:

1. True. The statement "0=1" is false, so the implication "0=1 → 1=1" is true because
a false statement implies any statement. Also, the statement "1=1" is true.

2. False. The statement "1=1" is true, so the implication "1=1 → most horses have 4
legs" would be true only if most horses have 4 legs. However, this is not necessarily
true, as some horses may have lost a limb or have a genetic abnormality.

3. False. The hypothesis "8 is a prime number" is false, so the implication "if 8 is a
prime number, then the 7264th digit of π is an 8" is true because any statement follows
from a false hypothesis. Also, the conclusion "the 7264th digit of π is an 8" is false, as
π is an irrational number and its digits are not periodic.

4. True. The statement "if the 7264th digit of π is an 8, then 2+2=4" is true because
the truth value of a conditional statement is not affected by the truth or falsity of its
hypothesis. Also, the statement "2+2=4" is true.

4.Suppose I tell Sue that if she gets a 93% on her final, then she will get an A in the class.
Assuming that what I said is true. What can you conclude in the following cases-

1.Sue gets a 93% on her final.

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2.Sue gets A in the class.

3.Sue does not get a 93% on her final.

4.Sue does not get an A in the class.

Answer:

1. If Sue gets a 93% on her final, then we can conclude that she will get an A in the
class based on the conditional statement given to her.

2. If Sue gets an A in the class, we can conclude that she must have received at least
a 93% on her final, based on the conditional statement given to her. However, we
cannot conclude whether she received a higher percentage than 93% or not.

3. If Sue does not get a 93% on her final, we cannot conclude anything about her
final grade or her overall grade in the class based solely on the conditional statement
given to her. It is possible that she still got an A in the class despite not receiving a
93% on her final, if her performance in previous exams and assignments was
strong.

4. If Sue does not get an A in the class, we can conclude that she did not receive a
93% on her final, based on the conditional statement given to her. However, we
cannot conclude whether she received a lower percentage than 93% or not, as it is
possible that she received a grade in the B range even though she scored above 93%
on her final.

5. Define Tautology anf Fallacy.

Answer:

Tautology : A propositional statement which output is always true is called


Tautology.

Fallacy : A fallacy is an error in reasoning or argumentation that leads to an invalid


or unsound conclusion. It can be a mistake in the content of an argument, such as an
appeal to emotion or a false analogy, or a flaw in the logical structure of an
argument, such as an invalid syllogism or an incorrect application of logical rules.

PAGE 3
Fallacies can be intentional or unintentional and can undermine the effectiveness of
an argument. It is important to identify and avoid fallacies in order to ensure that
arguments are sound and persuasive.

PAGE 4

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