* em DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Jose J. Leido, Jr., Secretary w BUREAU OF LANDS Ramon N. Casanova, Director | Technical Bulletin No. 26 PHILIPPINE TRANSVERSE MERCATOR GRID TABLES: LATITUDES, 4° 22°. LONGITUDES, 117°-125° CLARKE 1866 SPHEROID: (METERS) MANILA i ‘GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE a Third Printing 1976FOREWORD Land surveya in the Philippines have been mostly referenced to *floating'" location monuments which are points with no geode- tfc positions and no subsequent adjustment to the basic geodetic setwork, ‘These monuments have been established a5 need se cites’ tied; ta'same’ cases, with one enter and 2 other cases, lines between them were determined by meatt of solar ob- ceee tions of varying degrees of precision. Very few of these seevaments have been adjusted to the basic geodetic control net= roared they are tied in by simple traverses with no closite ef- wore Pith the Coast and Geodetic Survey stations, with the re- gult that when the land surveys are made in adjacent ar@°* at dif- ferent times their boundaries, which should coincide, often do not. ‘They may either overlap or leave @ gap. Problems of many kinds result from boundary discrepancies ‘as boundary points between surveys disappear, the problem of boundary discrepancies becomes more serious Conflicts and dis~ crepancies continue to increase at an accelerating rate unless re- medial measures are promptly made. ‘am adequate geodetic control network is essentia! for any type of land surveys whether done by the present classical method ce by photogrammetry. There is no known land survey procedure Orrich does not require an adequate, adjusted geodetic control sur- vey network. ‘As an initial implementation of the adoption of @ national coor~ ainate system by the Board of Technical Surveys and Maps in its ciolution No. 1, series 1961, the Bureau of Lands has taken the initiative in the computation and publication of the Philippine Trans verse Mercator Grid Tables for Latitudes 4° 22°; Longitudes 117° = 125°. This proposed system which has its X-axis on the equator and ite Y-axis on a full degree of longitude is similar to the inter- sntionally -adopted Universal Transverse Mercator Grid System. ta 1927, the latter system was adopted for the whole of Germany im twas originally called the Gauss-Kruger Projection: ‘Later on it was officially adopted in Great Britain, Fgypty Sweden, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Bulgaria, Finland, Yugoslaviey South Africa, Australia, and several states of the United States. ‘The UniversalTransverse Mercator Grid System is now more extensively used for geodetic computations, Hence, with the adoption of the PTM Grid System we shall be able to cross-reference our maps with those of other countries easily and conveniently. Unlike the present practice using 1,281 different local coor- dinate systems corresponding to the number of municipalities and chartered cities, under the national coordinate system only the Philippine Transverse Mercator Grid coordinates will be used for the whole Philippines as all base maps are on the same projection. While under the present system most of the BL Location Monu- ments(No. I)are arbitrarily assigned the coordinates of Northing- 20,000 meters and Fasting - 20,000 meters, with the proposed national coordinate system each point on the map will have only one set of coordinates. This means that a set of PTM Grid coor- dinates gives the definite location of a traverse point or lot corner and no other point can have the same set of coordinates. Hence, the adoption by the Bureau of Lands of the national coordinate sys~ tem is a boon to surveyors and engineers both in private practice and in government service. Bureau of Lands Manila, 1975 tense senescent |INTRODUCTION ‘this publication is intended to facilitate the transformation of coordinates from geographic to Philippine Transverse Mercator Gea, and vice versa. It will also enable the determination of the Crit quoter and meridian convergence at any point of known grid (PTM) coordinates. ‘The Philippine Transverse Mercator Grid has been adopted os the official coordinate system for surveying and mapping in the Phi- lippines pursuant to Resolution No. 1, Series of 1961, of the Board of Technical Surveys and Maps. It has the following characteristic Spheroid : Clarke's Spheroid of 1866. ‘Transverse Mercator, in zonee of two degrees net width. . Projection Intersection of Fquator and the Central Meridian of each zone, with a Northing of 0 meter and an Fasting of 500,000 3. Point of Origin meters. 4, Scale factor at the Central Meridian + 0.99995 5, Zonification : Zone No- Central Meridian Extent of Zone z ure 116° 00! to 118° 30" m 119° 117° 30! to 120° 30° mm 121° 119° 30" to 122° 30" Iv 123° 121° 30" td 124° 30° v 125° 123° 30! to 127° 00" ‘The contents of this volume are divided into three parts. Table J is used to transform geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) into grid coordinates (northing and easting). Table Il is used to transform grid coordinates (northing and easting) into geographic oacoordinates (latitude and longitude). Table III is used to determine the convergence between the local and Central Meridians as well as the scale factor at any station, when the grid coordinates of the sta- | tion are known. The computations consist essentially of the algebraic summa- i tion of the products of north-south factors by powers of east-west factors. The north-south factors are interpolated from the tables; | the east-west factors are expressions of the distances from the Centyal Meridian, ‘The tabulated values of the functions are designated to give an accuracy of 0,01 meter and 0"',01. The interval of 1' in the argu- ment J (latitude) is not srnall enough for the straight-line repre- sentation of functions IV (Table i) and 1X (Table II). However, the error caused by straight-line interpolation on these functions will not exceed 0.005 meter in the results.SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS (1) COORDINATE CONVERSION COORDINATE CONVERSION Example : Determine the grid coordinates of Sta. -ANOSO (1911), whose geographic coordinates are # = 129 51" 42" 9240 A= 123° 13" 47", 1010 A = 123° 13" 47". 1010 AA= +0913" 47,1010 = 827". 1010 P= 0.0001 ar” = 0.0827 1010 p@ = 0.0068 4096 From Tablet, for § = 12° 51" 42,9240 I = 1,422,276.026 IV = 301,501,025 m= 1,626,909 v= 107.132 m = 1.515 vI = 0.054 N= I+ up? + mp* or ON = (pts m)p?y 1 Mp? = 0.010 mp* + 1 = 1,626.919 (up? , mp? = 11.130 (tp? + mp? +1 = 1,422.287.156 N = 1,422,287. 156 | ; ' ' ovii-F = 500,000 4 IVp+ Vp? + Vip® or F = [(vip? + v)p? + IVA + 500,000 vip? = 0.000 Vip?+ V = 107.132 (vip?+ vip? = 0.733 vip24 V)p? 4 IV = 301 501.758 + + [Rip? 5 vp? + IV/ P= 24,937.24) E 524, 937.241 ‘The above calculations tabulated on a convenient form is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows another sample. Instead of duplicating the calculations, it is better to check by performing the reverse operation (grid to geographic) using Table II. See figures 3 and 4ooo'o0s +d [arted(atedy] ans be 20x wing [ar La | [euro | s IA [ 960+8900°0 [| =a | ooo-o | 0 GId9 OL IIHdvYOORO 'N lus IVNOIdOi2 "eis 201 *00¢ Lve 809 "21 OLL abs eS2 "9b Zto°o spuovas ul vue 889; 9601 i S0f0201°O | ees, |] 0c0;00,00,¢z1 O19 Nottvis | A GS OL SiHdYY9ORD 'NOISHZANOD BLVNIGUOOS QIYS TVNOLLYN BNiddI tid200,00 ,00, SZlj WOH + [20927 Cv, iOl,L7,€1 .0 | | O10!" L298 €9b° 28S 700°0 - z s6e" Osi vsi9 : 968° 0SI 24e129000°0 100°O- Ip@Le6v20"°O o€21 WOHOV 9SI"Lez'z2b't [ONHLNON | | AI aNnoz OSONVONA [NoILWs | ‘SIHdyw9039 OL GYD ‘NOISUBANOD ALVNIGYOOS GIUS WWNOILYN ANIdd!TiHdWIV +b[xt+ sb (KAP IX 291, ,1b e221 000,00 ,00 ,£2! | WIHV+ 1 £9591 , 81 .O- Nv [9s09; NV=bx [9509 0 0868 960 986 "080 3380 0g1°180 y9l"O — 120641 220°6 bt ££660100°O 100°0 — 9vI9SIEEO"O 98 'Sb9'99> JONILSV2 -£21 WIIOV Old gig ‘Zve‘l Al aNOZ o11vo [Nous | DIHdVuOOTO OL IYO 'NOISUBANOD 3LVNIGUOOD GINO IVNOILYN @NIddITIHd(2) GEODETIC AZIMUTH AND DISTANCE Let us consider the two stations ENGANOSO and GALLO whose grid coordinates were previously determined, Station Northing Easting ENGANOSO 1,422, 287.156 524, 937.241 GALLO 1,347,518.810 466, 843.854 AN = 74,768,446 AF=-58,093,387 AE+AN = angent Plane Bearing = 0.77697732 Plane Bearing = $ 37°50" 47", 03W ENGANOSO TO GALLO Forward Plane Azimuth= t = 37° 50" 47",03 Plane Distance = /N@F E7 = 94, 684.540 The scale factor is determined by the formula: K = 0,99995(1 4 XVIIIq? + 0.000026q4) We get the value of the average northing: Ave. N= 1/2(1,422, 287+ 1,347,519) = 1,384, 903 From Table IIl, for the average northing, we obtain XVII = 0,012367712 For ENGANOSO, E-5000, 00 = 24,937241,q1= + 0.02493724 For GALLO, F-500,000 = ~33,156152,q2 = -0.03315615 Mean q? = 1/3(af +4192 + 43) = 0.00029812 0,000026q" = 0.000000008 XVII + 0,000026q7= 0,012367720 1+ Xvulla?+ 0.000026q4 1000003687 K = 0,9999536868eodetic Distance x K = Plane Distance tic Distance = Plane Distance + K 94, 684.541 + 0,9999536868= 94,688,925 ‘The grid azimuth T is determined from the formula: = t-(t-T) where t-T = -0,068755 (XVIII)(N2-Ny)(2a + a2) = 0.012367712 N2-Ny = 774,768,446 2a, + % = 0.01671833 t-T = + 1406 As previously determined, t = 37° 50! 47".03 Hence the grid azimuth T= 37°50" 45,97 ‘The geodetic azimuth a is given by the formula: a =T+he where Aa is the meridian convergence and is given by the formula: Aasxvg - xvie? From Table III, for the Northing of ENGANOSO, XV = 7,383.19 0.02493724 XVI 63.23 0.00062187 -XViq2 XV = 7,383.15 = 7,383.15q = 184,12 = 304,12 Therefore, the geodetic azimuth is: Ge = 37°50" 454.97 + 3" 041,12 = 37°53" 5) 09 Hence, the line ENGANOSO - GALLO has the following data: 37° 531 50",09 Azimuth Distance : 94,688,925 meters.