MORNING GLORY

SPILLWAY –
HUNGRY HORSE
DAM

Groupe D
Cyril Anspach
Arthur Eugène
Pierre Lacoste
 SUMMARY

1. Introduction
2. History
3. Characteristics
4. Comparison
5. Hungry horse dam
6. What's next in the future
7. Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION

MORNING GLORY PLANT

HUNGRY HORSE DAM

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EVOLUTION OF DAMS

First dam Medieval dams Environmental consideration

4000 B.C. 15th century 21st century
Irrigation purpose Water mill Ecosystem
Today
Dam safety
Sustainable water management

20th century
50 A.C. Flood control
Water transportation Hydropower generation

Aqueduct Industrial revolution

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 COMPARISON
CLASSIC SPILLWAY MORNING GLORY SPILLWAY

Simplicity of construction High flow rate

Low initial cost Low energy loss
Loss of energy Limited space
Low flow rate High cost

Hungry Horse dam

Controlled spillway

Uncontrolled spillway

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 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

NOT COMPATIBLE WITH ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ?

• Designed to evacuate large volumes of water

during flood
• Ensure safety
• Could only produce electricity when water reach
level (1x / 10 years)
• Electricity valves slow down water
• Rare use, not cost-efficient

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SPILLWAYS
• Channel through which flood/surplus water escapes or release safely from a reservoir or dam
to the downstream outlet .
• Location of spillways

Entirely away Within the body

At one end

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SPILLWAYS – OROVILLE DAM
Auxiliary (emergency)
ungated Spillway Powerhouse

Main Spillway
Probable maximum flood (PMF)
Dam
≈ 7 000 m³/s

Spillway type:
8 × gate-controlled = 4 200 m³/s

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 SPILLWAYS - DESIGN
• Required spillway capacity is determined by flood routing.
It requires the following data:

1. Inflow flood hydrograph

2. Reservoir capacity curve

3. Discharge/Rating curve

=> Spillway capacity should be equal

to the maximum outflow rate

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Main design criteria:
-Control
-Conveyance
-Energy dissipation
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SPILLWAYS – COMPARISON

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 SHAFT SPILLWAYS
-EVACUATEUR EN TULIPE

• Safely discharge water, without causing deterioration to the dam

• Automatic water level regulation
• Acts like a circular weir (undrowned condition)

DANGER
o High velocity increase
o Submerging the crest causes damage to its surface
o Subatmospheric pressure along the elbow
=> causing cavitation

o Only known case of death from the spillway occurred in 1997.

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 SHAFT SPILLWAYS -
DISCHARGE

Semi-
Free Submerged
submerged
flow flow
flow
Discharge
274 424 1006
[m³/s]
Figure (a) & (d) (b) & (e) (c) & (f)

Velocity
35 53 39
peak [m/s]
-Crest
Cavitation
medium High risk -Lower in
Risk pipe bend

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 RISK OF CAVITATION

DEFINITION: • Bubbles in liquids

• Damaging and noisy
• Two types: vapor and gaseous
• Unlike boiling, it's pressure-induced
at constant temperature

HOW IT'S CREATED: • Initiated by microscopic air

bubbles or impurities in the water
• Vaporization is the key factor in
the growth of cavitation bubbles

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 STABILITY OF CAVITATION

Force affecting the bubble's size

and the stability. If equal zero,
neutral stability occurs

The equation determines bubble behavior:

positive value expands it, negative value shrinks it.

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 CAVITATION DAMAGE
• The flow velocity, surface properties and air content of the water have an impact on the severity of
erosion
• Factors such as flow intensity, duration, and velocity magnitude contribute to the extent of surface
erosion
• The presence of air bubbles alters cavitation patterns, affecting surface erosive potential
• Surface resistance (hardness and roughness), influences susceptibility to cavitation-induced erosion

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 CAVITATION DAMAGE
• Depending on the type of slope

• Exhibits a granular texture, contrasting with

erosion's smooth surface

• Symmetrically distributed on structures

• Occurs downstream of its source, often linked to

irregularities or flow changes

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 CHARACTERISTICS

TYPES OF TULIP SPILLWAYS

DIFFERENT SHAPES OF TULIPS

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 FLOW IN A SPILLWAY TUNNEL

• Used to safely drain excess water

• The flow velocity, the pressure, and the turbulence is needed to

prevent cavitation and structural damage

• Increasing the flow rate with upstream water depth and the
relationship between air entrainment and water layer thickness
on the walls.

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 HUNGRY HORSE DAM Morning Glory Spillway

• Hungry Horse Dam is an arch dam in the Western United

States, on the South Fork Flathead River, Montana.

• Construction: April 21, 1948 (75 years ago)

• In Service since: July 18, 1953 (70 years ago)

Spillway tunnel
Valve house Powerhouse
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 HUNGRY HORSE DAM
Morning Glory Spillway

• Hungry Horse Dam is an arch dam in the Western United

States, on the South Fork Flathead River, Montana.

• Construction: April 21, 1948 (75 years ago)

• In Service since: July 18, 1953 (70 years ago)

Spillway tunnel
Valve house Powerhouse
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 FUTURE - ENERGY
1 Mtoe = 11 630 GWh

World energy production 2021:

14 673 Mtoe = 170 647 TWh

World energy consumption 2021:

10 081 Mtoe = 117 242 TWh

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 FUTURE - ELECTRICITY

World Electricity Production

-Renewables:

• 19.9% (1995)

• => 28% (2021)

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 FUTURE - CHINA
• World's leading energy producer
• 40.6% of the World’s 58 713 dams and five of the
world largest dams
• Hydroelectricity as respond to rising electricity demand

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 THANK YOU

Do you have any questions ?

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QUIZZ

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ANNEXES

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HUNGRY HORSE DAM
PURPOSE
• Hungry Horse Project creates power benefits that extend from the Continental Divide
westward to the Pacific Ocean. The principal power benefit from the project arises from its
ability to store water through the spring flood season for later release.

Special Issues

In December 2000 two new Biological Opinion (BO) were implemented for the FCRPS which includes
Hungry Horse. One of them was for Bull Trout and the other was for anadromous fish. The BO for Bull
Trout put new power plant ramp rate restrictions and minimum flow restrictions on the plant. These
restrictions do influence the power production. In March of 2003 the local aluminum plant reduced their
production by 66 percent (160 MW) that will influence Hungry Horse`s power production in the future.

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MORNING GLORY SPILLWAY

• Water enters by overflow

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SHAFT SPILLWAYS
VORTEX BREAKER

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937.5 Mtoe * 11 630 GWh/ Mtoe
= 10,903,125GWh

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