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ELEMENTS

Elements react by sharing, accepting or donating electrons to form compounds and achieve a noble gas configuration. The octet rule and duplet rule describe how main group elements form bonds to gain a stable electron configuration. Ionic bonds occur via electron transfer between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds involve electron sharing.

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34 views2 pages

ELEMENTS

Elements react by sharing, accepting or donating electrons to form compounds and achieve a noble gas configuration. The octet rule and duplet rule describe how main group elements form bonds to gain a stable electron configuration. Ionic bonds occur via electron transfer between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds involve electron sharing.

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naivaan
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Why elements React

Atoms of elements react with each other to achieve an octet in their valence (outermost shell)
shell. Atoms complete their octets by sharing, accepting or donating electrons.
When elements react, their atoms join with other atoms to form compounds. Chemical bonds
form when this happens, which involves atoms transferring or sharing electrons. New
substances are formed by chemical reactions. When elements react together to form
compounds their atoms join to other atoms using chemical bonds

Noble Gas Configuration


A noble gas configuration of an atom consists of the elemental symbol of the last noble gas prior
to that atom, followed by the configuration of the remaining electrons. [ Helium (He) Neon (Ne)
Argon (Ar) Krypton (Kr) Xenon (Xe) Radon (Rn) Oganesson (Og)]

Octet Rule
The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend
to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same
electronic configuration as a noble gas.

Duplet Rule.
Duplet rule states that an element is stable if its atom has 2 electrons in its valence shell and to
attain this state, elements lose, gain or share electrons and form chemical bonds. This rule is
also called the duet rule. The only elements known to follow this rule are Hydrogen, Helium and
Lithium.

Chemical Bond
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the
formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction
between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in
covalent bonds.

Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is a chemical bond wherein there is a transfer of an electron from one atom to
another. For an ionic bonding to occur there must be an electron donor (often a metal) and an
electron acceptor (often a nonmetal). The transfer of electrons is referred to as electrovalence.
The atom that loses one or more electrons will turn into a positive ion and will be called a cation.
The other atom that gains one or more electron will become a negative ion and will be referred
to as an anion.
Covalent Bonds

Ions are electrically-charged atoms or groups of atoms. They are formed by the loss or gain of an
electron by an atom. Ions are of two types: cations and anions. A cation is a positively charged
ion, while an anion is a negatively charged ion. A group of atoms carrying a charge is known
as a polyatomic ion.

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