nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 1

This print-out should have 22 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 3. Cl− and Ca2+
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. 4. Ca2+ and O2−

001 10.0 points 5. Rb+ , Cl− , Ca2+ , and O2−

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction Explanation:
between aqueous solutions of Na3 PO4 and The formula unit equation for the above
CuSO4 ? reaction is

1. 2 Na+ + SO2−
4 → Na2 SO4
Rb2 O + CaCl2 → 2 RbCl + CaO
2. No reaction occurs since no precipitate is RbCl is soluble, but CaO is not soluble, so
formed. the spectator ions are Rb+ and Cl− .

3. 3 Cu2+ + 2 PO3−
4 → Cu3 (PO4 )2 correct 003 10.0 points
Will a precipitate form when 0.50 M aqueous
4. Cu2+ + PO3−
4 → CuPO4 solutions of AgNO3 and NaCl are mixed? If
Explanation: a precipitate does form, identify the precip-
Both copper(II) sulfate and sodium phos- itate and give the net ionic equation for the
phate are soluble. This is a metathesis reac- reaction.
tion with the products copper(II) phosphate
(Cu3 (PO4 )2 ) and sodium sulfate (Na2 SO4 ). 1. NaNO3 precipitates;
+
Na2 SO4 is soluble but Cu3 (PO4 )2 is insoluble NO−3 (aq) + Na (aq) → NaNO3 (s)
and will form a precipitate. The formula unit
equation is 2. AgCl precipitates;
Ag+ (aq) + Cl− (aq) → AgCl(s) correct
3 CuSO4 (aq) + 2 Na3 PO4 (aq) →
Cu3 (PO4 )2 (s) + 3 Na2SO4 (aq) . 3. Ag3 N precipitates;
In the total ionic equation soluble com- 6 Ag+ (aq) + 2 NO− 3 (aq) →
pounds are written as their ions: 2 Ag3N(s) + 3 O2 (g)
h i h i
3 Cu2+(aq)
+ SO2−
4(aq)
+ 2 3 Na +
(aq)
+ PO3−
4(aq) 4. No precipitate forms.
h i
→ Cu3 (PO4 )2(s) + 3 2 Na(aq) + SO2−
+
4(aq) .
5. AgCl precipitates;
To obtain the net ionic equation we cancel Ag+ (aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na+ (aq)
the spectator ions, leaving only the species Explanation:
that react: This is a precipitation reaction. Although
3 Cu2+ (aq) + 2 PO3− salts with the chloride ion are generally sol-
4 (aq) → Cu3 (PO4 )2 (s)
uble, one of the notable exceptions is AgCl,
which is insoluble in aqueous solutions.
002 10.0 points The reaction is as follows:
What are the resulting spectator ions when Formula unit equation:
aqueous solutions of Rb2 O and CaCl2 are AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq) −→
added together? AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
Complete ionic:
1. There are no spectator ions. [Ag+ (aq) + NO− +
3 (aq)] + [Na (aq) + Cl (aq)]
−

2. Rb+ and Cl− correct −→ AgCl(s) + Na+ (aq) + NO−

3 (aq)
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 2
Net ionic: (remove spectator ions) ionic equation. Sodium ions (Na+ ), potas-
sium ions (K+ ), nitrate (NO−3 ) and chloride
Ag+ (aq) + Cl− (aq) −→ AgCl(s) , (Cl− ) are common spectator ions.
the driving force of the reaction.
006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
004 10.0 points (Note: When the answer key becomes avail-
Complete and balance the equation able, the explanation for the correct response
to part 1 and part 2 of this question came
FeCl3 (aq) + KOH(aq) → from and is compared to the observations and
results of a previous CH204 separation ex-
that represents precipitation reactions. periment. Since we no longer perform the
experiment it will not make sense when you
1. FeCl3 (aq) + 3 KOH(aq) → read it.)
Fe(OH)3 (aq) + 3 KCl(s) Barium chloride, BaCl2 , is soluble in water
but is not reactive towards 3.0 M nitric acid.
2. FeCl3 (aq)+3 KOH(aq) → Barium sulfate, BaSO4 , is not soluble in wa-
3 FeK(OH)3 Cl (s) ter and does not react with 3.0 M nitric acid.
Barium phosphate, Ba3 (PO4 )2 , is reactive to-
3. FeCl3 (aq) + 3 KOH(aq) → wards 3.0 M nitric acid but is not soluble in
Fe(OH)3 (s) + 3 KCl(aq) correct water.
4. FeCl3 (aq) + 3 KOH(aq) → a) Suppose you have a solid mixture of
Fe(OH)3 (s) + KCl(s) barium sulfate and barium phosphate. Which
Explanation: of the following schemes would recover barium
Both iron(III) chloride and potassium hy- sulfate as pure solid out of the mixture?
droxide are soluble. This is a metathesis
reaction with the products potassium chlo- 1. Heat the sample to drive off Ba3 (PO4 )2 ,
ride, KCl, and iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3 ). leaving solid BaSO4 behind.
KCl is soluble but Fe(OH)3 is insolu-
ble. Fe(OH)3 will form a precipitate. 2. Dissolve the BaSO4 in 3.0 M nitric acid
The equation is and pour it off, then evaporate the nitric acid
FeCl3 (aq) + 3 KOH(aq) → solution to recover the solid BaSO4 .
3 KCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s)
3. None of these plans would work.
005 10.0 points
Identify the spectator ion(s) in the equation 4. Add 3.0 M nitric acid to dissolve the
CaCl2(aq) + Na2 CO3 (aq) → Ba3 (PO4 )2 . Pour off the dissolved Ba3 (PO4 )2
CaCO3 (s) + 2NaCl(aq). and dry the solid BaSO4 that is left behind.
correct
1. Ca2+ , CO2−
3
5. Add deionized water to dissolve the
2. Na+ , Cl− correct Ba3 (PO4 )2 . Pour off the dissolved Ba3 (PO4 )2
and dry the solid BaSO4 that is left behind.
3. Na+ , CO2−
3
6. Any of these plans would work.
4. Ca2+ , Cl− Explanation:
Explanation: BaSO4 behaves toward acid like SiO2 does
Spectator ions are those that do not par- in our experiment, and Ba3 (PO4 )2 behaves
ticipate in the reaction nor appear in the net like CaCO3 , so this situation is analogous to
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 3
separating CaCO3 from SiO2 and recovering Solid ammonium nitrate (NH4 NO3 ) and solid
the dry SiO2 . calcium chloride were placed in water and the
mixture was stirred. What is the precipitate?
007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
b) Suppose you have a solid mixture of bar- 1. NH4 NO3
ium chloride and barium sulfate. Which of
the following schemes would recover barium 2. CaCl2
sulfate as pure solid out of the mixture?
3. Ca(NO3 )2
1. None of these plans would work.
4. No precipitate is expected. correct
2. Dissolve the BaSO4 in 3.0 M nitric acid
and pour it off, then evaporate the nitric acid 5. NH4 Cl
solution to recover the solid BaSO4 .
Explanation:
3. Add deionized water to dissolve the 2 NH4 NO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) →
BaCl2. Pour off the dissolved BaCl2 and dry 2 NH4Cl(aq) + Ca(NO3 )2 (aq)
the solid BaSO4 that is left behind. correct No precipitate is expected.

4. Add a potassium carbonate solution, 010 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

K2 CO3 to dissolve the BaCl2, then pour off Solid magnesium carbonate (MgCO3 ) and
the solution and dry the solid that is left be- solid sodium nitrate were mixed, placed in
hind. water, and stirred. What is observed?

5. Any of these plans would work. 1. MgCO3 and NaNO3 will dissolve.

6. Heat the sample to drive off BaCl2, leav- 2. MgCO3 and NaNO3 will not dissolve.
ing solid BaSO4 behind.
3. NaNO3 will remain undissolved and
Explanation: MgCO3 will dissolve.
BaCl2 behaves like NaCl did in our experi-
ment, so you can dissolve it in water and pour 4. MgCO3 will remain undissolved and
it off. NaNO3 will dissolve. correct

008 10.0 points Explanation:

Which compound is INSOLUBLE in water? MgCO3 (s) is insoluble. It will remain
undissolved and the NaNO3 will dissolve.
1. sodium carbonate
011 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
2. ammonium chloride Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate (Na2 SO4 )
and barium chloride are mixed. What is the
3. calcium carbonate correct precipitate?

4. potassium nitrate 1. Na2 SO4

Explanation: 2. No precipitate will form.

Consult the solubility tables; the combina-
tion of Ca2+ and CO2−3 is insoluble in water. 3. NaCl

009 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points 4. BaSO4 correct

 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 4
ide
5. BaCl2
6. insoluble - tricalcium diphosphate
Explanation:
Na2 SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → Explanation:
2 NaCl(aq) + BaSO4 (s) Look up ionic compounds in the solubility
Barium sulfate (BaSO4 ) will precipitate. table based on what the anion is. PO3− 4 is
the phosphate ion, and all phosphates except
012 (part 1 of 4) 10.0 points Group I and ammonium are insoluble. The
Please use Table 1 on page 46 in the lab man- only cation calcium forms is the +2 ion, so
ual to answer the following questions. (There you don’t need to use a Roman numeral in
is not an appendix in the lab manual.) the name. Prefixes like di- and tri- are only
Using the solubility table in Appendix 2, used with covalent compounds, not with ionic
determine whether or not each of the following compounds.
compounds is soluble in water. Name these
compounds. 014 (part 3 of 4) 10.0 points
a) NH4 Cl c) Co(NO3 )2

1. soluble - ammonium chloride correct 1. insoluble - cobalt nitrate

2. insoluble - ammonium chlorine 2. soluble - cobalt (II) nitrate correct

3. soluble - ammonium chlorine 3. soluble - cobalt dinitrate

4. soluble - ammonia chlorine 4. soluble - cobalt nitrate

5. insoluble - ammonium chloride 5. insoluble - cobalt dinitrate

6. insoluble - ammonia chloride 6. insoluble - cobalt nitrogen trioxide

Explanation: Explanation:
Look up ionic compounds in the solubility Look up ionic compounds in the solubil-
table based on what the anion is. Cl− is the ity table based on what the anion is. NO− 3
chloride ion, and most chlorides are soluble. is the nitrate ion, and all nitrates are soluble.
NH4 Cl is not listed as an exception, so NH4 Cl Cobalt is a transition metal and is able to form
is soluble. NH+ 4 is the ammonium ion, so the cations with different oxidation states (for ex-
compound is ammonium chloride. ample, Co2+ and Co3+ , so you need to specify
the charge on the cation using a Roman nu-
013 (part 2 of 4) 10.0 points meral in the name. Prefixes like di- and tri-
b) Ca3 (PO4 )2 are only used with covalent compounds, not
with ionic compounds.
1. insoluble - calcium phosphate correct
015 (part 4 of 4) 10.0 points
2. soluble - calcium (II) phosphate c) MgS

3. soluble - calcium phospholipase 1. soluble - magnesium sulfite

4. soluble - tricalcium diphosphate 2. insoluble - magnesium sulfate

5. insoluble - calcium phosphorus tetraox- 3. soluble - magnesium sulfate

 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 5

4. insoluble - magnesium sulfide 7. Ag+

Explanation:
5. insoluble - magnesium sulfite
The solution containing the solid was
heated then centrifuged. The supernatant
6. soluble - magnesium sulfide correct
was decanted and a drop of 6.0 M acetic acid
Explanation: and two drops of 1.0 M potassium chromate
Look up ionic compounds in the solubility were added to the decanted solution and a
table based on what the anion is. S2− is yellow precipitate formed. This indicates the
the sulfide ion, and all sulfides are insoluble presence of lead(II) ions in the solution.
except Group I, Group II, and ammonium. One mL of 6 M ammonia was then added
Mg is a Group II element, so MgS is soluble. and the remaining solid dissolved and a
The only cation magnesium forms is the +2 grayish-black precipitate formed. This in-
ion, so you don’t need to use a Roman numeral dicates the presence of mercury(I) ions in the
in the name. Sulfate is SO2− 4 and sulfite is
solution.
2− The solution was centrifuged and the super-
SO3 .
natant decanted. One mL of 6M HNO3 was
016 10.0 points added to the supernatant and a white precip-
Hydrochloric acid was added to a solution itate formed. This indicates that silver ions
sample containing one, two or three of the are present in the solution.
following ions:
017 10.0 points
Hg22+ , Pb2+ , Ag+ Suppose that you wanted to form BaCO3 as
a precipitate in an aqueous reaction. What
The solution containing the solid was aqueous solutions would you choose as reac-
heated then centrifuged. The supernatant tants?
was decanted and a drop of 6.0 M acetic acid
and two drops of 1.0 M potassium chromate 1. BaCl2 and CaCO3
were added to the decanted solution and a
yellow precipitate formed. One mL of 6 M 2. BaSO4 and Na2 CO3
ammonia was then added and the remaining
solid dissolved and a grayish-black precipi- 3. Ba(NO3 )2 and K2 CO3 correct
tate formed. The solution was centrifuged
and the supernatant decanted. One mL of 4. Not possible since BaCO3 is soluble
6M HNO3 was added to the supernatant and
Explanation:
a white precipitate formed. Which ion/ions
BaCO3 is insoluble. To form BaCO3 in an
is/are present in the solution sample?
aqueous reaction we need two reactants that
are soluble to provide the Ba2+ and CO2−
1. Pb2+ 3
ions. Ba(NO3 )2 and BaCl2 are both soluble
and could provide Ba2+ ions. K2 CO3 is solu-
2. Hg2+
2 ble and could provide the CO2− 3 ions. BaSO4
and CaCO3 are both insoluble and would not
3. Hg2+
2 , Pb
2+
dissolve to provide the ions needed:
4. Pb2+ , Ag+ Ba(NO3 )2 (aq) + K2 CO3 (aq) →
2 KNO3 (aq) + BaCO3 (s)
5. Hg2+
2 , Ag
+

018 10.0 points

6. Hg2+
2 ,
2+
Pb +
, Ag correct A solid homogeneous mixture is compose of
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 6
three substances, A, B, and C. Substance A is NH+ 4 , KMnO4 , Fe(OH)2 , CH3 COOH
soluble in water but does not react with hy- is/are insoluble in water?
drochloric acid. Substance B is not soluble in
water but reacts with hydrochloric acid. Sub- 1. Fe(OH)2 correct
stance C is not soluble in water and does not
react with hydrochloric acid. After one sub- 2. KMnO4
stance was dissolved in water and recovered
from the mixture, which of the following two 3. CH3 COOH
substances in the mixture were separated by
adding hydrochloric acid, decanting the dis- 4. NH+
4
solved substance then heating the solid sub-
stance that remains? 5. All of these

1. A and C Explanation:
The common metal hydroxides (OH− ) are
2. B and C correct generally insoluble, except for those of the
Group IA metals and the heavier members of
3. A and B the Group IIA metals.

Explanation: 021 10.0 points

The substance that dissolved in water was Write the total ionic equation for this reac-
substance A. The remaining substances, B tion occuring in water: Ammonium fluoride
and C were separated by adding HCl to dis- and magnesium chloride are mixed to form
solve substance C. magnesium fluoride and ammonium chloride.

019 10.0 points 1. 2 NH+

4 + 2 F + MgCl2 →
−
Identify the solid product that forms when MgF2 + 2 NH+
4 + 2 Cl
−
the following aqueous solutions are mixed:
2. 2 NH+
4 + 2 F + Mg
− 2+
+ 2 Cl− →
CoCl2 (aq) + Na2 S(aq) →
Mg2+ + 2 F− + 2 NH+4 + 2 Cl
−

1. CoS and NaCl 3. 2 NH+

3 + 2 F + Mg
− 2+
+ 2 Cl− →
MgF2 + 2 NH+ 3 + 2 Cl
−

2. CoS and 2NaCl

4. 2 F− + Mg2+ → MgF2
3. NaCl
5. 2 NH4F + Mg2+ + 2 Cl− →
4. CoS correct Mg2+ + 2 F− + 2 NH4 Cl

5. No solid products are formed. 6. 2 F− + MgCl2 → MgF2 + 2 Cl−

Explanation: 7. 2 NH+ 2+
4 + 2 F + Mg + 2 Cl− →
−
Both cobalt(II) chloride and sodium sulfide MgF2 + 2 NH+4 + 2 Cl correct
−
are soluble. This is a metathesis reaction
with the products cobalt(II) sulfide (CoS) and Explanation:
sodium chloride (NaCl). NaCl is soluble but
CoS is insoluble and will form a precipitate. 022 10.0 points
How does quantitative analysis differ from
020 10.0 points qualitative analysis in terms of the informa-
Which of species tion you are interested in?
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 4 Qualitative Analysis – lyon – (50555) 7

1. Qualitative analysis and quantitative

analysis are both intended to determine the
same information, they just do it through dif-
ferent means.

2. In quantitative analysis you want to know

how much sample is present, and in qualita-
tive analysis you want to determine what the
sample is. correct

3. Qualitative analysis is higher quality than

quantitative analysis.

4. Qualitative analysis improves the results

of quantitative analysis.
Explanation:
Qualitative analysis determines what some-
thing is (for example, is the acid HCl, H2 SO4 ,
or HNO3 ?). Quantitative analysis is a mea-
sure of how much of something, and the an-
swer is always a number (for example, what is
the concentration of the acid?).