The Globe Divides NORTH AND SOUTH A Socio-economic and Political Division Clariz Mei P. Tanganco, MPAOVERVIEW The North-South Divide is the socio-economic and political division that exist between the wealthy developed countries, known collectively as “the North”, and the poorer developing countries (least developed countries), or “the South”. The North is mostly correlated with the Western world and the First World, along with much of the Second World, while the South largely corresponds with the Third World and Eastern world. The two groups are often defined in terms of their differing levels of wealth, development, income inequality, democracy, political and economic freedom, as defined by freedom indicesLEARNING OBJECTIVE at the end of the discussion, the students are expected to: ¢ define and understand the existence of the global economic division ¢ differentiate the Global North and Global South ¢ Assess and correlate Philippine economic status with other developed countriesKEYWORDS Global North, Global South, Cold War, Brandt Line, First World Countries, Second World Countries, Third World Countries and Development GapINTRODUCTION The Global North - South Divide is an imaginary line that divides the wealthy developed countries and the poor developing countries. Itis also known as “Rich-Poor Divide” The North-South divide is more metaphorical than it is geographical. Meaning, although most nations comprising the “Global North” are fact located in the Northern Hemisphere, the divide is not primarily defined by geography or locationINTRODUCTION As nations become economically developed, they may become part of the “Global North”, regardless of geographiccal location, while any other nations which do not qualify for “developed” status are in effect deemed to be part of the “Global South”HISTORY How it was created During the cold war, the Global Divide was made official with the East and West Power WEST POWER + United States + Allied Countries EAST POWER * Soviet Union * ChinaHISTORY How it was created Battle of IdeologiesCAPITALISM VS COMMUNISM How it was alvided CAPITALI COMMUNISM LEADERSHIP President elected by the people in an open election Totalitarian dictator ECONOMY capitalist and free economy communist autarky CITIZEN RIGHTS laissez-faire attitude and rights of the individual removal of personal freedom LIVING living standards generally high-focus on having living | vast majority of the population living on or below the STANDARDS: the dream poverty line. CULTURE/MEDIA ‘tee press and vibrant cultural opportunities closed press and state censorship and propaganda,“THE WORLDS THEORY” The divided the world into three (3) categories that embodies 3 types of countries along the globe: the First World, the Second World, and the Third World. FIRST WORLD SECOND WORLD THIRD WORLD Composed of industrialized and democratic countries, which Former communist countries | Non-aligned world and as the most members were assumed | that aren't quite in poverty but | global realm of poverty and to be allied with United States _| aren't prosperous either (East under-development. against Soviet Union. (Canada, Germany, Georgia, Poland, (Afghanistan, Latin America, ‘Australia, Japan, Western Ukraine, etc.) Asian countries, etc.) Europe, etc.)The “three world Theory” NNEC at rlg incoherent, combining incommensurate geopolitical and socio economic features. By 1989 - 1991, the Second World, by any definition, ceased Wire won to exist when Sovient Union WD secona Wortd collapsed. With the Second World gone, the three-worlds model no longer made any sense Wi tries wortNowadays, we are still using though the terminologies “First World” and “Third World” countries to categorize the developed countries which are in industrially advanced, democratic and with high Human Development Index (HDI) from the developing nations, which are poor, economically underdeveloped with a low HDI. After the demise of the Second World, leaders and scholars adopted new terms for the socio-economically divided planet, differentiating a wealthy “Global North” from an improverished “Global South”DEVELOPMENT GAP The North-South divide has more recently been coined as the “development gap” to emphasize the evident gap between rich (more economically developed) countries and the poor (less economically developed) countries.THE BRANDT LINE More developed countries >. yy 7. \ The Brandt Line 2ss developed countriesTHE BRANDT LINE ‘Age-sex pyramia Primary Secondary TertiaryTHE BRANDT LINE Example: Some countries that are considered to be ‘developing’ have experienced rapid growth in recent years. We call these countries the NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES (ics) e.g. China, Brazil and Mexico VISUAL DEPICTION OF THE NORTH-SOUTH It encircles the world at a latitude of approximately 30 deg North, passing between North and Central America, north of Aftica and the Middle East, climbing north over China and Mongolia, but dipping south so as to include Australia and New Zealand in the “Rich North” Tae te een ROOM ema) Tom Monet tele one Na ae ML Telemann coc lneh ce ieee goer rere err a Northern Hemisphere, with the exception of Australia and New Zealand. lee Ce tec an tropical regions and in the Southearn PeeiseleiecyTHE GLOBAL NiO] s aia * Comprised of only one quarter (25%) of the total global population * Richer and more economically developed region * Accounts for over 90% of all manufacturing industries. + About 95% of the population have enough basic needs and have access to functioning education systems.THE GLOBAL SOUTH « Accounts for the three-quarters (75%) of the global population BUT only accounts a fifth (20%) of the globally earned income. * Poor and less developed region * Relatively low GDP and the high population * Only 5% of country’s population has enough food Ete Ie CS Toel ce Mol ReMi eC Lolmel a t OLt SMR roo Meme ere MR RSTO} rely on imports from the North and have low technological penetrationTHE GLOBAL DIVIDES: NORTH AND SOUTH NORTH Countries compromising the North include the United States, Canada, all countries in Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand as well as developed countries in Asia such as Japan and South Korea SOUTH The countries making up the South are mainly drawn from Africa, South America, and Asia with all African and South American countries being from the South. The only Asian countries not from the South are Japan and South KoreaTHE DEVELOPMENT GAP Despite very significant development gains globally which have raised many millions of people out of absolute poverty, there is substantial evidence that inequality between the world’s richest and poorest countries is widening, In 1820 western Europe’s per capita income was three time bigger than Africa’s but by 2000 it was thirteen times as big. In addition, in 2013, Oxfam reported that THE RICHEST 85 PEOPLE IN THE WORLD OWNED THE SAME AMOUNT OF WEALTH AS THE POOREST HALF OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION o1 02 03 Social Economic Political The availability of natural The nature of a country’s How countries are governed resources and different economy and its industrial and international levels of health and sectors; international trading relationships between education policies and access to countries; conflict within and markets; between countriesCLOSING THE GAP The North-South Divide is criticized for being a way of segregating people along economic lines and is seen as a factor of the widening gap between developed and developing ‘economies. However, several measures have been put in place to contract the North-South divide including the lobbying for international free trade and globalization w 4 Ww. Re a Improve matemot The United Nations has been in the forefront in diminishing the North-South divide through policies highlighted in its Millennium Development Goals. This includes IMPROVING EDUCATION AND HEALTH CARE, PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY, AND ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.GROUP ACTIVITY CLASS DEBATEGROUP NORTH & GROUP SOUTH LADIES VS GENTS7 "SHOULD DEVELOPED COUNTRIES PROVIDE MORE AID TO DEVELOPING NATIONS TO REDUCE GLOBAL DISPARITIES?"re a OPENING STATEMENT ¢ The North Group presents their arguments in favor of providing more aid to developing nations. * The South Group presents their arguments against providing more aid to developing nations.REBUTTALS ¢ The North Group rebuts the arguments made by the South Group. ¢ The South Group rebuts the arguments made by the North Group.CROSS-EXAMINATION « Each group has the opportunity to ask questions to the other | ~ group regarding their arguments.SECOND ROUND OF REBUTTALS « The North Group offers additional rebuttals based on the cross-examination and their opponents’ arguments. * The South Group does the same.AUDIENCE QUESTION « Allow the audience (the rest of the class) to ask questions to both groups.* The South Group does the same. CLOSING STATEMENTS ¢ The North Group summarizes their arguments and makes a closing statement.THANK YOU!