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A Teaching- Learning Package in Mathematics 10

Teacher: Maryland V. Pasilan

Method: Five A’s

TLP 1: Arithmetic Sequence and Series

Objectives: Through the discussion and examples, the student will be able to:
1. illustrate an arithmetic sequence
2. determine arithmetic means and nth term of an arithmetic sequence
3. Find the sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence.

A. ACTIVATION
Awareness
The teacher will have the word mapping with the words “sequence” and “series” on the board. After the
students able to put words in the map, the teacher will call somebody to some-up the words being written.

Activity
The teacher will post the following diagram on the board. Students will be called to answer on the board.

Complete the following.

 How many dots will be in the next figure?

(2)

 What will be the next shape(s)?

(3)

 What is the next number?

A: 1,4,7,10,13, (4) _____
B: 1.2,2.3,3.4,4.5, (5) ______

The teacher will ask question: “How did you come with your answers?”

B. BUIDLING – UP
Analysis
The teacher will ask the questions:
o Does the two diagram show patterns? How about a sequence?
o What do you think activity shows a sequence?
Thus, A sequence is a list of the number or diagram with a pattern.
Then, the teacher will show the following sequences:
Sequence A: 1,8,27,64,125
Sequence B: 4,5,9,14,…
Consider these two sequences, what do you think are patterns have?
1,8,27,64,125, and so on—is what we called term, terms of a sequence.
Sequence A is a finite sequence and Sequence B is infinite.
What makes the two sequence indifferent from each other?
So, Finite sequence is ____________________________________________________ while infinite sequence
_______________________________________________________________.
The teacher will let students give their own examples in each kind of sequences.

Domain: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Range: 2 4 6 8 10

o Given the table, can you see a pattern in row of range?

o What have you noticed in the first row?
o What makes the row differ from each other?

The domain gives the relative position of each term, 4th, 5th, 6th, and so on, which stands as n
The range gives the terms of the sequence, which standsa n.

o What is the 1st term of the sequence? 2nd ? 5th ?

o How about the 8th term?

Arithmetic Sequence
Periodic Comets are like planets that revolve in well-defined orbits elliptical course about the Sun. The
Numbers of the years it takes a comet to complete one revolution about the sun is called the comet’s orbital
period. If the comet Olbers has a period 70 years, when is the next expected sighting if the comet was first
sighted on Earth in 1956?
Make a sequence until its 7th sighting.
1956,2026, ____________________________________________________________________________
What pattern have you observed in the sequence?
Do they have a common difference?

The sequence above is an example of an arithmetic sequence. Hence, a sequence can be arithmetic
sequence if there is a constant difference between consecutive terms. The constant difference is called common
difference. The nth term of the arithmetic sequence is a n and the __________________ is d
Example:
5,10,15,20,25,30, …
-18,-7,4,15 ,… d= 11 15-4 = 11, 4-(-7)=11
Students will giive 2 examples of an arithmetic sequence.

To find the nth term of an arithmetic sequence, follow the certain formula or general term.
a n=a1 + ( n−1 ) d ,
wherea n, is nth term, a 1is the first term, n is the number of ______________ and d is the common difference.
Example:
Determine whether each sequence is an arithmetic sequence.

Example 2:
Write the next three terms of the sequence 7, 5,3,1 , -1 , …
Example 3:
Find the 12th term of the arithmetic sequence 3,5,7,9, …

Try This #1!

Random students will be called to answer the questions on the board.
Determine the 18th , 16th , 20th and 19th term of the sequence 6,12,18,24, …. [Show your solutions.]

Arithmetic Means
The terms of an arithmetic sequence that are between two given terms are called arithmetic means. In
the arithmetic sequence 5,8,11,14,17, there are three arithmetic means between 5 and 17. These are 8, 11, and
14.
Example 4:
Insert three arithmetic means between 17 and 11.
 Try This #1!
Random students will be called to answer the questions on the board.
Insert three arithmetic mean in -4 and -12 …. [Show your solutions.]
Insert 2 arithmetic mean in 2 and 8.

Arithmetic Series
An expression denoting the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence is called arithmetic series.
The corresponding arithmetic series for the arithmetic sequence 2,4,6,8,10, .. is
2 + 4+ 6 + 8+ 10 + …
An arithmetic series is finite if its corresponding sequence is finite. Otherwise, it is infinite.
Note: If the series is finite, you only add all terms to find the sum.
o How can we add if it is infinite?
o Do they have the same way in adding finite sequence?

In adding infinite sequence, we follow this formula,

Example
5:
Find S10
if:
Example 6:
Find the missing elements in each arithmetic series.
a. a1 = -22, an = 14, n =10

Abstraction

Tryclass
The Thiswill
#3!play the “cabbage game”. The class will form a big circle. A song will be played while the
cabbage
Find theisspecified
being rotated.
partialWhen the the
sum for song stops, theseries
arithmetic student
4+ who
11 +holds the+cabbage
18 + 25 ,…: S10will peelyour
[Show a paper and answer
solutions.]
the question written on it.

Questions:
1. Explain a sequence.
2. Give two examples of a sequence.
3. When can we say that a sequence is an arithmetic sequence?
4. Give two examples of an arithmetic sequence and give its common differences.
5. What is an arithmetic series?
6. How can we find the arithmetic series of an infinite sequence?
7. Describe in words how to get the sum of finite sequence.
8. Is sequence 10,7,4,1,… am arithmetic sequence or not? Why?
9. Find the 10th term of sequence 1,3,5,7,9, …
10. Can we get the sum of an arithmetic sequence without the value of the nth term? Why or why not?
11. If the sequence 2,4,6,8,… an arithmetic or not? Why?
12. Explain how can we get the arithmetic series.
13. What is the difference between arithmetic sequence and an arithmetic series?
14. Given only the first and second terms of the arithmetic sequence, is it possible to find the nth term? Justify
your answer.
15. Differentiate finite and infinite sequence.
16. Find the 12th of the sequence 10,8,6,4,…
17. Is 1,3,8,27 an arithmetic sequence? Why?
18. Find the 23rd of the sequence 5.7, 3.6 , 1.5, …
19. Find the 16th term of an arithmetic sequence if a1 = 8 and d = -9.
20. Fine the 10th term of an arithmetic sequence if a1 = -13 and d = 8.
The class will decide whether the answer is correct or wrong with the guidance of the teacher.

C. CULMINATION

Application
Problem Solving.
The class will be divide into 5 groups. Each group has assigned questions to solve. Groups are given only 20
minutes to answer the questions or to discuss their answers to the group. After the given time, the teacher will
pick random member each group to explain the answer(s) of the group to the question their assigned problem.
1. Determine the seating capacity of an auditorium with 30 rows of seats if there are 16 seats in the first row, 20
on the second row, 24 seats on the third row, and so on, …
2. A brick patio has a shape of an isosceles trapezoid. The patio has 18 rows of bricks. The first row has 15
bricks and on the 18th row it has 32 bricks. How many bricks are in the patio?
3. Logs are stacked in a pile. The bottom row has 22 logs and the top row has 14 logs. Each has one less log
than the row below it. How many rows of logs there? How many logs are there?
4. Tennis balls were arrange in circular form. If the inner circle has 15 balls, the next circle has 17 balls, the
third circle has 19 balls, how many balls were in the 20 the circle?
5. Ten posts are arranged from the shortest to the tallest. The difference of their heights is 1. 25 ft. If the shortest
is 3ft, how tall is the tallest post?

Assessment
The activity will be done individually.
A. Determine whether each sequence is arithmetic or not. If it is find the common difference and give the
next two terms.
1. 7,10,13,16,…
2. 20, 6 ,3, 1.5,…
3. 9,11, 13,15,…
4. 32,35,38,…
5. 4,12,36,108,…
B. Determine the next three terms of the arithmetic sequence.
1. 22, 25,28, ___________, __________, ____________
2. -10,-7, -4 , ___________, __________, ____________
3. -8,-3,2, ___________, __________, ____________
4. 87, 80, 73, ___________, __________, ____________
5. -15, -21, -27 , ___________, __________, ____________
C. Name the next 5 terms for each arithmetic sequence, given the first term and the common difference.
1. a1 = 6 , d = 3
2. a5 = 5, d= -2
3. a1 = 58, d = -7
D. Solve the following.
1. What is the arithmetic mean between 85 and 95?
2. Insert 4 arithmetic means between 38 and 98.
3. Insert 5 arithmetic -15 and 3.
E. Find the specified partial sum for each arithmetic series.
1. 3 , 9 , 15, …. : S12
2. 2,5,8, … : S12
3. 1 , 1.5 , 2 , … : S8
4. -15, -10, -5, … : S6

Students will check the activity with the guidance to clear more confusion in mind.