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A Teaching- Learning Package in Mathematics 10

Teacher: Maryland V. Pasilan

TLP 11: Theorems on Chords, Arcs, Central Angle, And Inscribed Angles of A circle
Objectives: Through the discussion and examples, the students will be able to:
1. State and prove theorems related to arcs, chords, central angle and inscribed angle of a
circle;
2. Apply these theorems in problem solving.

A. ACTIVATION
LOOKING BACK
In the previous you have learned what are the parts of the circle and solve problems on it. To test if you
can still remember it, do the following:
1. Make your own circle and name it.
2. Label the radius, diameter, chord, major arc, minor arc, semicircle and etc. of it.
3. Name the parts.
4. Describe each parts of the circle using your label in your circle.
E.g. The name of my circle is Z. It has 2 major arc; arc ILS and arc IKS…

B. DEVELOPMENT
PRESENATION
Now that you have mastered the parts. Let us have theorems that are related to it.
What is a theorem?
- A theorem is a statement that needs to be proven
A. Theorem on Congruent Arcs and Chords

In the same circle or congruent circles, if their central angles are congruent, then the
two minor arcs or intercepted arcs are congruent.

In the given above, the two circles have both central angles which are ∠CAD and ∠ EBF . These angles
are congruent (≅ ) and the theorem states that if the two central of two circles are congruent meaning the
intercepted arc or minor arc also of the two circles are congruent.
∠CAD ≅ ∠ EBF
Arc CD ≅ Arc EF

Other theorems:

In the circle 0, minor arcs are AC, AB, BD, DC. AB ≅ CD since AB ≅ CD
 In the circle 0, If AB ≅ CD then, AB ≅ CD.

In the circle 0, If ∠ AOB ≅ ∠COD then, AB ≅ CD.

In the circle 0, If AB ≅ CD then ,∠ AOB ≅ ∠ COD .

Practice!
Try This #1!
Using the same figure O ,
a. If AB ≅ CD, then AB = 12° , CD = __________
b. If ∠AOB ≅ ∠ COD , then ∠ COD = 65° , ∠AOB = ____________
c. If AB ≅ CD then, AB ≅ CD. AB=12 , CD = ______________
[Students are tasked to answer the given activity individually. Afterwards, they will check ut.]

B. Theorem on Diameter Perpendicular to Chord

If a line through the center of the circle is perpendicular to the chord, it bisects a chord
and its arc.

Note : CPCTC: corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent

Hypotenuse –Leg Theorem

CPCTC
Example 1
In Circle P, PX ⊥ AB.
1. Using the figure on the right, if AB = 56 and PA=35. Find PX .
Solution:
1
Since AB= 56 , AX = ( AB), AX=28
2
1
[ AX is ( AB) because PX bisects AB which will have AX∧BX .]
2
By the Pythagorean Theorem, [Recall your knowledge about Pythagorean Theorem]

Therefore, PX = 21
2. Using the same figure, if PX = 10 and AB = 48, find PA .
Solution:
1 1
Since AB=48, AX = ( AB) so AX = (48) = 24.
2 2
Use the Pythagorean theorem.

Practice!
Try This #2!
Using the same figure, if PX = 22 and PA = 25, find AX and AB.
[Students are tasked to answer the given activity individually. Afterwards, they will check ut.]
C. Theorem on Two Chords Equidistant from the Center of the Circle

In the same circle or in congruent circles, if the two chords are equidistant from the center, then the
two chords are congruent.

Hypotenuse –Leg Theorem

CPCTC

Example 2

Practice!
Try This #3!
Using the same figure above,
a. if OC ⊥ FG , then FG = 22, FC =¿ ¿
b. if OB ≅ OC then OB = 5 , what is OC ?
c. DE ≅ FG then FG = 12, what is DE ?
[Students are tasked to answer the given activity individually. Afterwards, they will check ut.]
D. Theorem about the Vertices of a Quadrilateral that lie on the Circle.

If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the circle, then opposite angles are supplementary.

[Recall what is a supplementary angle.]

Example 3
The figure shows quadrilateral PQRS where P,Q,R,S are on the circle O. Answer the following
questions.
a. ) If m∠PQR = 80° , find m∠PSR.
Solution:
Since ∠ PQR + ∠ PSR = 180°
We have, ∠ PSR = 180° - ∠ PQR
= 180° - 80°
∠ PSR = 100°
b. ) If m∠QPS = 100° , m∠PRS = 55° , find m∠PRQ.
Solution:
Since ∠QPS + ∠QRS = 180° and ∠QRS = ∠PRS + ∠PRQ.
So, find ORS first,
∠QPS + ∠QRS = 180°
100° + ∠QRS = 180°
∠QRS = 180° - 100°
∠QRS = 80°
Then, ∠QRS = ∠PRS + ∠PRQ
80° = 55° + ∠PRQ
80° - 55° = ∠PRQ
25° = ∠PRQ
Therefore, ∠PRQ = 25°

Practice!
Try This #4!
CONTENT SUMMARY
1. If the central angle in the same circle or congruent circles, are congruent, then _______________________.
2. If a line through the center of the circle Is perpendicular to a chord, then ____________________________.
3. If the two chords in the same circle or in congruent circles, are equidistant from the center, then
_________________________.
4. If all the vertices of the quadrilateral lie on a circle, then ________________________________________.

C. CULMINATION
EVALUATION
A. Tell whether the statement is always, sometimes, or never true.
_____________ 1. Two circles with congruent radii are congruent circles.
_____________ 2. A circle is congruent to itself.
_____________ 3. A line perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.
_____________ 4. In the circle, two chords of the same distance from the center are congruent.
_____________ 5. If a segment bisects a chord, then that segment is perpendicular to a chord.
_____________ 6. A chord can have an end point in the exterior of the circle.
_____________ 7. Two circles having the same center are congruent circles.
_____________ 8. A radius bisects a chord of a circle.
_____________ 9. If the vertices of a quadrilateral lie in the circle, the opposite angles are congruent.
_____________ 10. The two radii of the circle are the diameter of the circle.

B. Answer the following. Show your solutions.

1. Using the figure on the right side, AC is the diameter of ⨀ P.
PD ⊥ AB, AB is a chord,
a. If AP=10 and PD=6 , AB= _____________.
b. If AC=12 and PD = 3, AB=¿_____________.
c. If AB=24 , PD = 5, AP=¿________________.
d. If AC = 30 and AB=24 , PD = ____________.

2. Given: ⨀ O, diameter SR ⊥ PQ
m PS = 115°
 PQ=12
RS = 16
Find: a.) PT =¿ ¿
b.) PO=¿ ¿
c.) m PQ = _______
d.) m RQ = _______
e. m ∠ POR = _______
f.) m SQ = ________

3. Given ⨀ P with chord AB and DC

m ∠ APB = 50
AB=15
Find the length of DC .

4. On ⨀ O, AB ≅ CD , AB = 8x + 15 and CD = 11x -9
Find BE.
Hint: 8x + 15 = 11x – 9
Since AB ≅ CD