* bisplacemen| Btortest pistance measured rem the Guba fo rhe sfinauy Position. Distance (@y9 2021) BS athicte one roundffot a crear Track of diameter What will atter JoOM "AN Lobe \igbe “Hye displacement efinute f—105. ssanectivery, cae vcr ae displ: L 7 ew 1S) Q- { oom) \ ley Om4t loo 2) Crcular track | radius 200m, Ttevolution 20sec. after 4:30min displacement = 2 4 tev. - 20sec. Total t.- gosec gosec — OM + Yosec = 200x2 =400m — a distance travetled ~ odometer ea cons¥ant equal interval 4 time. |-Nelocity constant} -velocity cant Pokal distance travel + Na Speed = ota} dime jaxen displacement hitne ee + UeCeleradiony = chan ge inwelodty es) 2a gaa Hime taken @ mp _ltIS uth © km}, Ya, EG ca eae — Vector Speed - scalar cet: [peacceteration =a] SeK T) A tain Acc From ae kmth to Acceleration 7’ $ +m. 54 Em|h in \osec: Find ace. 4 Se Velocity, increase or decreases distance. by equal Amount in equal 1, = Wea emth = SRR = 10 mis a v 25h kmh = OS = 1S mls a ae eae Speed q on object rn ina definite direction. 4 [jformuter] Neu tat s = (ut ak QGistancd?) BS =e y2 yr $= 10X10 FLX 0-5 alo)” ; 10x £Xo0:5 10859 ‘JK dog running at a speed 4 = 100+25 Az Keath stowed down to Ikke 2a OVer afdistance GQ 4om takulate the teta;dation 3} A buiicart ak rest Accelerabed ey +0 a Speed x Vey fern = FE = oe Pieko eit, 2ocamten es a =1BEMIh = ie ial 4om aa x gms i v7-u" = as | =v = Log? | yon-25 = 2xax4o ee hia | asyp-d 2O04L at — sa EXD XH | ae to” = 400m fee famnee mie | ove | oo* the ditection _Accelerasion \n a. circular motion \ 4 a Perpendicular with aes +t inwards ats me - ~ unequal distance in equa) = Speed Spr is constant intewal, % time - > ity 4 ay 1S Not wnstant * velocity fangent to the _ circle ) | \ ure 3 | ae | aGenty:.4 Time Accel. — tywards | ~ SF the ob) moves af cn a Welotity the height a ‘its ii Feraovieal represention| ve al a f eihowm _noton : | tL oil a 2h with Ame. ~ Te with be a Fraigh tine. Palaliel +D the - axis * or unity ~ Nelod ty ~ Heme Ph is q Sees ine See tae 4 2 dist esac time —= Jor uniform Speed a rash distance fravetled against timeAwensunijowmetcestteakiny | (andi jaw = Motion vate change % Momentum Han Sbject Is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the divection q foree: ja time qreph can have = Shape. > 2 € | La 3 | 5 el. j telakion bho PSition fF Hme- ee | | _ ele also called lau 4 Inertiq Se =my oo Pebject Wlove with a constant | a ee ss Speed unless external force i at zs Bciahon Gan Velocity 4 Hime L. ve both ss Ar CAs so? _da te at } time, 4 = B= oP | br ia {EF Shang in mas) => am gt =z * measured ——» mass eS =. * PAGER mass™= more inertia. £ # 18§ Jaw Sao | rary Bet ey an unbalenced extevnay 4 force Acts on object ity Nelaity wg varccrs kame? Newton, = changes. 2 2 2 AbUbuL“4p eve action there is an equal and opposite reaction hwo Forces are al 9 TF the KE oF a body becomes 4 times then What wil) be the change in momyentum? a = 2 RE = bm PE = mgh rey Foma Ke adem @ asst ees | a or ot). pe Boers fe lee ge BF the mom: rts | tripled ts KE? a | i © some © fath © Btimes teas equal in | \GrFeimes eu soe but opposite directon: wes 90> SB Li |S BF the mom of a body get doubled ATS RE Mitt Q incre. By 2time [OT 4 time © nat 2 © becomes FF times 4 old ke re — dees 2m ke = QF am of) KE =h a eee UCREPRELLLPPP OPIS SES SS EEEEEEES ESSE SS S0000Q te the Momentum, e body 1S Numer: equal 4D i45 KE, then the ~etoclty 4 the bid eal © 4ms! aed div = Aw ® 2kmw! fe te —— kovts onary |" [EERY = power x time taxen] =8 . ple ee 9 af the velocity is cae | a \B~ none. i ee © v =2ms ; 22 — 9 fF both mass and Velocity t oe © velocity = mg"! Q ball ig boubled the KE becomes = © Kees emo% ; @4 2 | Kee SL mv oP. \- dy ; eae 7 EF a body NSanum equa) to] @no change = Lam xyy® Soe tice the wrnomentumy shell or a SMP Vcioci tbe bodu? KE = glint a2 2hr ina Se : ; ®| (ie + Gigy’ = constont what is the st 4 using it © Gene +PE = mechanical energy, ft gk deus CC dunit = 5 rupee |. - att = mass "| @ oe toow Yaurne ier 4 5 © boo z velocity ee density. iw ise . Velocity 4 - density 4 * density t ~ any obyect sink A8d8 #0.2X 28 ® during Hye Pree Fal] 4 by - = 5-6 umit Kee = Increase. Aunit=S wuppe Pe = decreaic. = sb x3find the energy possessed > an object of mass 1OKQ wihen it iS ak a height of 6m above | the ground Ug 98) ereray can only be converted trom one trom to onother webbbeette m= 10K! h= 6m \k can Neither be credited @) ae38 destroyed. potential) aoe = mah bbbe ob DUWUU LULU Eee ebb bbb bb = 0x9 xb = Seay ® Ree -—O—r a becawe velocity Kero * A porter MFESMoIalggae 4 ig yom he aoe ond: puksSit! ony his head 1:siimyipatowe—-he orale) couculate Fheworr donc ‘R ony | He lauggae - le eae — o. | Fall o{ the object continues he PE Would decrease while + | KE woud inckease: | | & =m (disp-) (0) When the obect js about to Reach the Rround . 1 h=o Vs will be bigkst RPie. hee ant a ™menchanicc adCn £ © Aku! = 1000W + AKW = loots"! + ARWh = 964x108 * LRWh = 3600000 J LRWN = S600000 F a Wbow" Ho Mass sO kg uns upa | Staircase & AS _¥@Bs in gs.8r4 the ct DE eoch) Shep is lism Vind hiSBpowsere (= \0mIs) welght amass x gravity Ww 29: M= SOKO W =S500 N Hight oF the Staircase h=45 X15 on 100 h= 6-4sm P=Wosgdone _ Mh time take t P= SCOK CRS m x$ G- find the enenay consumed in tohr b 4 devices x Ppowey Sdow each? Energy = power KE P= Sou pj at es 7 OS KM t P=oskW = t = l0hr whe at € = 0-5 x10 wT ae aries eT ’ mE Prone device cL Co et £ = 2ounits CE G- find the energy consumed — by io bulb GoW each in “Ik S hows # “IE P=60 Lo. “ik © 2 Rwy oom” oe ie ® s000kwy Pace = Hr Sent Peogo koh ale © sew P = 0-80 xlo - P= 3kwWh- A wow! bulb is used for Shwe slau and = qouy sdW bw for Shae calculcdte the enery Consumed in the month of Jan: | Tous = ON svobesesest R= leo CEO T ss Eaioyiene = OS QO Po= SY 9-05 [OO 0 Meee ee Ey = O05 x5 $3 4 ate ate z as &.=025 a €2 = Ons RU ts Cis -7P 4 ral eneiy ze me SB ats es aE peek Ob els ee 2 a2 ‘3 ‘o e, a2WMP = Fybw Path is Sc Fowards the centere. { ie force | moon move Bound the dc b force es ae earth 4 the earth ig tran @tactometersy - determine the Purity oF sample of mild. z Naquids ee ak een along The circular © nydrometers - determine clensity [9-44 the distance oh 00 object 1S doubled the qravit- force bli them & rs au 0 ecome + th |@ became 4 time | 6 gets dorbled becames 1 *” | F=G@myme i (ad) | B= 2G tm Xin. ud? % What happens 0 the <. bho object Tt the mass on, 4, the body is doub a dist get halved! - ae # as ce Sea ba “La oma Ts <4 S4 Si st wird Fsa@mam “3 ® dec BY Ibe bimes oe @ dec. tg times “eux Grane by Q times E aS ® ine by Ie times. = be mixn —g. mass a an object is Jorg What a universal \aw st ravi thon PerMemerenyne. Of helen pucecsstea explained > YW the fovee that binds us to hs | m= 10 RQ the earth Wee “p i) the motion @ the moon around q-32 the earth | Rhein ii) The moon of planets astound = 10x98 he SUN Se W) the Hides due to the moon the sun | 9 object Weight JON When measuted on the Surface 4 the earth What Would, be its, weights When, preasiy red On Fhe suface HL thelbdnon. + eg g Mee | * Hiro 3% = ee | 4 ees moon = 4 X weight on eairt | Rt Radius Fe | earth | | Reems greater at potes | Wan equator | = ees Varies fom place. ‘ 40 place force ; Ee gn Vyhtrraction oy the earth % the qovee Acting onan object PerPenducwer to the Courfuce is called shyyst- SbEUL SLE LEED b bbb bLb bebe SELL GOLLELL moon = t xweight the eat — pressure = Earth =~ §-gg xiot4 (mass) area. moon — - #-36xI0% (mags) |B g, os TaARICA? upward force exert - itude 4 this buoyan®] PH the water on the bottle is force depends on the density | Known as upthwust @ bueyant: Fluids tovce.Gwthat happens to the wei RO Wek Ne parson when Wye sua | B=-9:8 ( Hrowe ight) down vith Accelerakiow ea 4 me May becomes Zero unas. 2 yg = ax (-98)Xh yg” =-2X9EKh G- What Wl! happen qo a pe hme sine Oca Pi weight Will not pe N=u fe eat When hes in ae elevatty at a Constant speed 0) 0 =hg = 9B XE Archimedes, Principle \ wed a total Hime =Sx2=105 ae ships Ps GA stone is Hrrowo vertically ss —] epword with aN e initial velecity A 4Om|s (tonin Sei) ® find tne max. height reached ay the Stone bell ay aU SH RT GA ball is Hrown vertical Pee , Upwards with a-velocity of 4i'ms] | @ icin hey ey = 40 codculare a = 10 mis 9 te max: height to Which ir 4 vises het i) the total Hime jt fakes to Vt-ut “return fo the Guface q the} @ 0-1600 ia Tota) aut: distance = -20Xh ee . 1609 ne 1609 ae tect|, The app ee Ae person in went Weight ta {itt 5 + Appa A t Q Tift moving downwards with mal. force t [E=m9) Aece 75 pal} his app weight ) ie vest * an Proving pours 1 the: some Ht | sith, same Acc? 95 H(Fa)= 5 Agra) - He Aife imecelerMiON upward? jOa GAG ea) = 55 Gay 489 ii) sige medbteveds ory cemaisocu¥: | 4 € : 2q-20 = 4ta Ramgtma KE a aie 29 9430 RB =mg-ma ji es, aie ty | oh rt Gt-ppersdh % MEDI RY cis,io | my WHE carculate. chaune 2 in Appureut weil a person, 4 w a few oe eFe Acc: Wit 4 then down with { amish BECERRA iianrerccencts 4 — 33 acc-ca) = g = meget Jus meqea) il 9 se mtg) 2 R= P42 w = 60 (1042) oo 22 R=m(e-4) ‘al | ESET) “Eaa0y) 22 ce ee x5 O eeeanmogeay | © — © — ae Rs me Spe Movil ae ay i ate Hg fh 7S Saal \Which %, the cea is Not Present in Vaccum & ® Light LB sound ~ mechanical wave * oseaeere ig wave 4 do not require any Fareloction egion 1 tow pressive Medium. ¥ comprecsog realign, ‘ “2h pressure © particle —ensi er Lut Moret As meditifh ven more Pressuuye. ~™ ize % vibrakon —+ determines the loudness Be sound * Gort sound (Amp-4) = louder s * Frequency: tage Co) * Osciatiate blo mMam- value t ™in- value St thite AQ * Loudness t= Amplitude t Lee * cape C- speed ; C=VxA Y- Frequenc 4 X -soavel engtn ‘Frege X¢ ale ct cot@. How much Hme will taken byd arg: Qound produced in the, wound Wave wowing 0 feeatens| | Voice box. - Akne & Wavelenaty 4 ocr +0 , Rane! . | travel te km Fange nearing ee Y= kHz 24X1000 =4000H2. * Radio mi 2 a iy he hoc = AD = o-4m POORESELN s2 + Microwave BST cn dens fe * tofrared d = )h <2 + sible: tight wFntees, % 4 000 ite * wltrowolet ©= 1600 <3 ae a4 min! 6 Gamma rays # mex / ae * k sound W un seit dial Bh: sae wohnelength *f sound Done sis ane pure seo sabe How long PP ton: to trove] 'S SRORBHT the time period Ls ee ) MAB sro Seconds | will ie foke 40 travebslememals | Ve = 2000 1: = = Hz OO Hz we Az 4OCM = Oy d= 25m = 0-35m © wy T =0-00056 =e © 2g aoa d= 1Sken = 1s00m 0% d= 4000m: T Frequency = cepeed cc) = yx cava i se = 2000 K 0-35 e880) OUUUULLUOLLLES GE Gl 000K 0-tP ae Saran = 400 mig = S00 mis v = (hoo ——— = time = Distance —Ss Speed \sp0 pr ee Y= 2600 Boo* peed ound solid ) liquid ) gas * Trugh ¢ crests * travels OD solid * perpendicular +p the direction 4 * Particles ~paralle| | 4 ex: Bound 4 Prapogation | 3 vetraction , Compression © Fravel - all stabe, % matter Air = S3ut | ENC - 3b | suiphur dioxide - 213 % time iniervad bo original + | Yetlected Gsound - 04 5) 9 A person clapped his ands neakyalyy cry ph and) heowd shh Gxecho, |» Nenetenéaitalpnave! oF ice 26. inchs thedisiinee FI Nurninium Nickel oteel tron Grass | ~ Grass Waler (sea) Liquid) Wale (distil) ethano| methanol is Nall Helium speed mis. 6420 6040 5360 s3SD 4+00 3980 Is3y 1498 120}, Nos 1284 36s 346 fica tasstsssaaass the clith ¢rom the persom IF th | Speed 4 the Gsound CY) = 3 46 als! i Greed |] sound =346 d= Sxt d= S46X2 O= 692 ei echo (min dist.) = ose, 9 €co is heard in Sq. what is the distance q the re}lecting Surface from the Gource given Hat the speed § Cound is 3420) aa t23s s 7342 Mg O29 d= aurxg cho = wee d 10% wm+ yest, unit FA aircaygt - . Aspeed \ rs ‘ TR ( + audible range : + children (syage) Ms ae — | (Uutravviotetsstight AS yea asi edi. jcaie wave al ; “above 20H) on (eae * travel ee vaccum, + a CULES EERE * Whales * dolphins we Speed oe] + elephanis™® pO~ ell ' San on é 1S = audible ess) bai Te * earthenuce < snz if ary « scab es aan aa ‘) 5 ey * rabino cp Gonak!: + padievx ty + stirrup” pecstittt = * eo ate use: Ultrasonic Waves to | PSs Mr measure the distance: Auditory canal (ander water) ef aCe dittraction : Night has a | $F Nusnber a "ae = odd nb. eae to bend. n= 260.4{ 40 tg even | Bo Sune) af [ao Reflection 4 tight] | Nn = 360 ie is a © 0 nies [ow 4 aa Saal the a cmb gq Roo matron 1S 9 angled Ouse | Ou ine @ oe © AM Tie Tin Fhe “eame plane, ‘or 40° ie Mirror —— |9- 00 mirror inclined at some + Semage formed : virtual 4 erect angle & Ap object is placed biud a | seal say asonys 4 tae ® sv So formed Of equa) in size. ee © 63" 360 a The Images are all ore oy a | inverted. ® None Se SAO ce ss e EMS - Real + inverted ats @ ; ba © A non- spherical Shining spoon e con generally be considered a Plane “mirros. [cos-2on1] 2 ie 4 i ie te ite = <= ce <= = = «= < <— << wz = =2 = 23 2 — I s2 a2 9 a2 53 2 | ir + ©= ties_in front qi e con aaa Mirror j PAGE coeh fire (buen) due to Concave Mirror. L uses: ® torches ® search lights © vehictes headlights © cara mirror “large image 4 face. © dentists © produce heat in Sola furnaces. f Tamage - virtual 4 eect reflecting surface : “curved outwards / behind she mirror a ie 7 © “ties meeedaaeeeeaacesstetan pba mirror © Rew view Goaing ) Mitror in Vehicles. cee always - aus i . diane wivror Ae + sAadiuseqreuane (pg Reap (g- Curvature is not a part 8 ¥ (Npentute ~ diameter g the reiecting cpurtace . —}— ‘ toca! Jeugth | % the mirror.tmage _fermation 4 (gontoe) mine, sition | Position Aumaye obyect size mage Twokure q wage AL infinity =| AL Focus CF) Highly. diminished Real + inverted Beyond c | Bet Ede | Diminished | Real 4 inverted ALC | Atc same sized Read ¢ inverted Pal ike ue Beyond c ean | Rea) + inverted At ‘Infinity Highly ener | Real + Set) P +E | Behind the mirk, Enlarged | Nivtual 4 creck cal TIT) Cl | ay 1 Oy Ty a ie FormyRight yi” 4 4 (yitruad sewect) | | & ERE Position oF om | Position qu Image inverted ] i size ¢ Image Neture, 4% Bi | wmgge, Ke fining [at Focus (Fy Wig diminished , | vivtucd erect | behind the mirror. | Bet” vwitinity ¢ eet” pd Poletf) q mirrot | behind +he mirok POind size Diminished | ‘tual f erect Right Ph aes ¥ee concave. Mirror | convex tens, canye x concave mirror tens mirror Lert side Right side ° =ve ot ve ae + Virtua seus always © are aE oe) iitvon) , ee? 7 __concavef miyfor\, eek mi off! eo Teage distance "UW = objecl distance “T = Foes length Be mragnififtion ima; mG ANE GRO THA image hy isi Bae ghe q_the object by mw (| poste. g- An obj yee tn size is placed a 25cm in Front OF & Concave mirror OF Foca) length Isc tmage distant @ Nature @) size 2 StS cM , Rea) hi = Gem @ 3t-5cm, vita) 4 =~25em = -Ise ® em ved + me ve? @ none2g Oem 1@ oe y Non es ha=-éem conver gitror Used tor Peaif_ NIEW 96, OneAutomobule ‘Ras q wadilS OF scurvature, of 300m, Ta bus is focoed at Soom from this mirror find the (posite, Natures Size 4 tmage t= om u=-sm v=? $8 be ele ce «ie re Fe ‘re «re «re «re «Te “re «<_. «2 «ji? ay? ape a8 4 a pbb vty rhb |g. A concave mitror produce 3+me magnified teal Image placed a | Jocm in fyont W=2 © ocm behind the mirror font g mirror UW =-10 vet m= -V. a -3=N FIO N=30 (ve)fies gig © eS |. Re¢lection * one medium ® . Second medium one medium | “change direction 'N second medium, te only direction sel + ang! } ae Same | | . Aq coin cin wader appers slightly faistd above its actual positon * SOlide= > \DENSCheeeelAix —* Rarer + liqiid—= Rarek «liquid | 2 ¥penset © Gpeed increase + due do refraction 4 ay Denser to to Rarer | a ee bend ad om Normal. wiiaadidsaaaaass: | * Speed of Night. © jovee Racer to Denset | . @ppeed slod down re Bends towards the Nowmal . @ Rarer to oenser — (rowards +) i pensersco Payer eas 4 speed * Kir medium > penser mediane Vaccum > Air ems + Glass The ratio i (Oenser) 40 the oe aeanaic x cee Cron q incidenc és tefvaction is constant . S01 = constant sink t This constant Vasue is called the Felrach es. iCLAUS b weeeecet veh oh _ Speed § light in medium 9. speed a, grt in medium 4 increase conada galsan| Dense Flint Glass concave. lens| + tens has two principle Foci —~ Fi 4fa = center point of tens is optical centre i rot % light through the optical centre oF lens pass withow | suttering any deviaHon. * Apevture : ettective diameter % | the clrewar oudline of a Spherical 'enS is called Aperture: saperture tess than radius curvature f Lens boa Aeon Per Right. 1 re Oe * virtual + Read Us Ove always eo ++ Eve) concave fs HE omer * Y= ©virtuw *V=@ reatvirtual toverted we ove a mee. always + = ve) convex tens (VE) concave tens = (-Ve) (concave J = (tye) (convex) V=(+) teal V= Grve) - visiias wey VY V =(-vef] - fea of fis v EN a eer ye (ietyay) ieee ops ™ = (ve) (Real) —Cancave lens” Position 4 object Position q Image Relahve size Image ‘a Highly diminished A minty sepia i Fie na ticay| Bee” focus FP Bet” gnjinihy 4 oF ae wd aaa optics) centre g | “Wimimished cenpbbbbbbbLeeery Be vibe eee OHA 938 position of object posi tion 4 mage | At Sobinity At Focus( F2) Beyond 2F; Bee Fat Fo At oF, | AL ofa Beth FAS | Beyond 2Fe AL Focus coe zl AL lofimty Bet focus Fy 4 on the same OPtica) centre o| side Q lens as obec @ A concave tens has fecal length, Object: from otpewlens ibe Placed SO that tt | forms an image ad 10, ™ troniflfe tens? magn. 4 tens? tscm- At distance showd He | = -15em [Relative size of highly Enlarged i Nahire 9g. \mai mage 4 aS nant diminished Real 14 inverted Diminished Rea) + inveried || sime size Real 4 inverted | | Real + inverted _Enlarged Rea) + inverted ey! virtual $ erect: the power q fens igvdetined Qs the Feciproca) of its ecal ee ee $ + ST unit gq power - diopire (oY, *S=m =p=D +40 = 4m! Power4 . is drawn De ‘ G current & O5R is tom's property q cat cher 4 eect btleeeyr sve @ -Ne ; ia to minwes. find the Amoun % > aa ie cas|ieelec rec charge that flow through + SE unit — coulomb ¢c) the cireuit- “40 = 6%xio!® electrons proce im Sook t = lOmin. = j0xbo = 6008 chi current = Target ee a QP ISX 600 eg = e a ah time, SB * st unit as Amperen(h) | [ouemevaclcl# Wasured Potensial ditt. © 2mK = 103A (mii) wv) OTE tote (micro) | . ABE connected in poralle| measure electric current jn. circu Always connected in Geries. chs i ers “he “he fe a sb A Hi i a 5 ie eonner- connected in ; series peel, Cleciic current flow @) © ielectrons there | . | Clectric ee. Moves only i} 'S QO ditterence pressure, OL@y = Work done oC Sst unit Pv volt (v) @- HOW much\ Work is dote in moving! @ lke Of 2C acKoss +02 points rr a potensia) dijfevence soy? { Wet V=l2v @ ac y oN W=VO W=I2x2 = 24F pobbbbbbbbbbsbbbbbbboboooooovoveres © y- potensial ditterence © t- curvent VKT XL = constant =@+ —, Resistance ; | propenty % Oy conductor te resist, a. bf low r you 62 unit = -t (ohm) © y the tesidiance is doubled the current gets halved . a. |Resistances | oer Proportional ty dergth ear cclne +o area F Notuve & tthe materia)%* theostort: used \ t m d to crate the resistance i co : : 2j Diornond in the civcwt 3} ebonite 4] Hard Hubber eect J (dass r[ Resistance | “rio4S pichrorme-Ceniy=RseeANAe| | 3] manganin GeitaginReenensi)y | ~ higher Risistance = poor conductor 8) constan tan Gaxoyrorreuepni | a electricity + Yow Resistance = aned conductor 9) Mang nese rt 1] meres I) chromium © PM Mength) i] non Gamers ty Nickel A uy TUNgsten lg) AlwsinUe . S40 Asp opexrntrysiver : eS 4 Roce ro ‘ i ven magevial he je A wire q given materi pial an | Aengh A, Area & hos resis- q ty] —stunit=-2| 4 ohm what Would be the ves- aS ; A another wire 4 same mader qnsulator ) aitoys , condlctor | Navin, deneeh Aand area 2A (raz-) cect (miny — , O on. K-84 aay am © a0 iS correct increasing Osan Ree ‘ onter @ resistdinley @1n DA © Tungten X Nichtome < cass. Ke Son 5 wy f ee eeeGA wite Qo Aengthig Resis: © is Stretehed SO thak the le sepend on cobbbbbbbeees @ area ov Jength = % depend on ts ® materia) sts Oem, sb @ Neuve | =s 7% a sive | Aength ale 44 wdius@) hae a res @) ats Mhe tesis % auother wire a {same raterial bus having ne ou time its Aergtn ¢ hau} » its vadiug wil! be. a TOR aes FRO ue x —O & Ose Aarea (A) = rh oo ea nm Tet n si is =a oS doubled and Area halved 4 —~Onow will Resis- change @ Resistivity t= tb ey ott R= io a ets Oi R= IR sts os R= oh Sad SP eG times AK i © 2 Limes = ve Ajuse wire Ghould have i. 4 x x ! 7 naalindeendill ie aaa loW melting point r Bis visiStance LE used ov domastic\plupase Taded 2 1A = 10K ery + 3A “oR Se Resistor in z mee Parallels ‘sevieS/is equal eqiat 10 peck ® ames: { the recipsoca) the individual a i Fesistors. haces Ve TRHeating eyfect qeleenic cur | | ————ususti] electric lauundty on g. An electric bulb 1s connected to electric toaster | a 220 generator: the current 1s electric oven O-SDK- what is the power 4 the. electric kettle bulb: iso wed to produce Nght.as ~~ -v s120v inan electric bulb- 2 -0-S0A | pa? r fet pees used odor, eet bulb qfilesments St Oni ‘ Watt (w) Payr Soe | Ww =4V X1A = 4VA Fee RTE AkWh = 1000 Watt (awh = G6 x10 Jule)Ae @ Human eye ¥ colour a why do Star twinkled crystalline lens ciliary | refraction. | : muscles. ® due to atmospheric refraction « / Reting ae — eye lens iS composed ofa fibrous. Jelly “like Material Cemuajat) ‘aa =a e |— ability of the eye lens to sddadaanaiaagesy Newe | ql ‘ viterpous adjust tS foc) fength 1S a 3 Humour coiled accommodation - © tod ceils Fam | — light a/distioguie of j= “S28 c Sem (Gnd or Gy). i am ~ crystalline tens of People ak | Hold: Gge/becomes milky, and eon his condition 1 Caled — convo! size of pupil © Pupil —Regulales the amount of light| | Cobaract gebina- its Tens Sysjem forms an|— A human beings has a horizontad Field oj} View OF about Isp" with one eye - Images on a light - Sensitive Screen called peting real £ inverted Tmage — wo eye — about 180 @ corena Light enter the eye through coreng . — The vision become blutted due to the Fefractive gejects: eyeball ~ diameter about a-gem. | te eye” @ corer ~ We can dome. MUddeatthatneemnnnennntttnnnaspee SAYOPINY Hypermetropia — Near sightedness.e~ |— For- Sightedness see distant object — Near by object cleany: ae a ei BES 2 — the image of a distont Object iS Formed in front of the retina —- we con use (cancave| tens. for Tmoge at Reting | 7 2 +cm + the Focal length of the tong: Qu I+ eyeball! has become to mall also known soiverging ‘lens — detect can 'se corrected | using a convex tens — Foal length isysmall | pees ; |= Converging lens « mF: | d ONE Paibsobeeyes~ gives vision to TWO Wrneal Blind people £ can donate eve adraberte > hypebtension, —~) can fot donate eye ~ mes ~ Hepatitis Bore. ~ rabies, ~ acute leukaemig - tebanus > cholerq - asthama, object eye ens is too | presbyopia. |= the power OF | accommodasion oF th eye usually decrease with aging | disticwt to see | svearby object comfortably — distinctly without corrective eye- gla —> due to gradua) wWekening ot the ciliary my scles, b .9fequive jbi-Foca) wenseé + ‘both cancave F stonwexiens — upper Portion | y concave jens + {ewer Past v convex. ten vi meaning| bis or encephalitis — violet speed of Wolet Night minivm- — maz. pen?” we (speed min ) ™ indigo ue. ~ Crreen, into its — yellow — erange Sr ahedHe Whak causes of Rainbow f Giispergin g tight: ® Rainbow — always formed in a divection Opposite to the sur | cay) en GLelayed sunset: — the sun is Wisible +o us about camintiies BBeER before the actual sunrise and about 2 minutes after! the actual Sunset -becouse \ vatmaspherie refraction” 0 aie —= The blue colour of the Sky. colouk Of water in deep sea - =— blue colour is max: Scatter: — Red colour is tess scatter i— blue has. ue wavelength . — ped —- mae Wavelength. — ped light has wavelength about —~ sun ved became P scattering “ly the human eye con focu ‘hg times greater than blue light} 4 «~ ‘5 on < oyects ot different distance by agyesting the tocal yength of the te eye tens: THIS is due +0 —- AKecommodah on — es oe LPP PL. AAA PROAAAALA AA ALAL AAA LAS ESA AAA ADEE