** qeineeie aemeuqyy: particles f Matter axe movin confinuousty meltin, ' Mini Which, Melts) ~ solid “4 liquid F temp + - we of particle asl earth tire ty ey | ae oe # movement qe farkicles [tee =" 233,15k] V Ses Pee quid \esotid + [kK = 33 40] AG =e AAG. 4 + 4 matters JOda tO Gg —_ oe 4 water boil oe * (Bose - cimStain condens - sth) ag aa | 100% 3K = ath i in os ; ¢ Gos Which used # aes at cylinder. — liquefied petroleum ey) Oc aren #05 in basoons: F Relation bet” san f ‘ceeds. | iP =(xc) SDg At What: ior the celsius | x { dame Seale abe Coame? © 4or OX ho'c =29._3 ® yox = ABx-wd +92 (Exc) +32 © yor f= -qa 432 Oe “eG “4-5 conveFe Soic— into kelvin d 9ee = K-975 3a ti SD)=kK- 243 | ae Re 623k Deposition == Fusion — Naporisakion —* Deposition > sublimadion iy oe Condensalon — solidificationa eer |@ ey ae doot- q VON eg Cater 1 | Femains open the voonvs temp 2 or more | om == pele Qsubstances. | “cu | * WO. 1 Maia [wo fixed composition] compounds ~ cannot be broken, =_ Have aicted! composition down +0 (Simpler can be bawken daun into substances. or electrotherig® veg * copper * loaygen + water + methane + 1hon tlements by chemicals | | | | | . wr ‘ atey ears eysayt iS ema (usigorm composition) . ed in vwoater s st in water . Suda 4 salt * swiPhur in carbon + walter in ol]. disulphide. -waker * Water in A lcoho)© \8k Gold - gna Oa 2 * meanelium - mg +aAl r ae eniccture oa q % id eae liquid ae sol” : So q Ce ae saturated soluvon: ANOYS Bodine in | TT ea _ Alcohol - When no more uh dissolved in a so!l® ata given 5 See are pemousneys miathite| — 4emp. eg Jodine in akohol known mat Amounl Ga ne io | as “Bocture ef iodine’ —anticeptic [eouniti tS poems “solr eae Todine A\coho| Kineunotteee Cente pret (solid (iquid) in) the Qakaraled Sol? a + po dot jscatter Beam +his Yemmp: Night: Crecaame® size 4 fav ticlic Ayer! ec9)) rath q tight iS pt wisibie bt iQ meag Beparated eel oe Semis L can't be =F cannot Sten by niked eyes: | Aenount Qeotute contained 42 # uy - in Qsol™ js tess than the 3 4 Bahwation level: brass - zn + cu i) * Bronze - CU + SH mass by mass 4 ain im moss 4 solute * Stainless _ mass KS sol? steel Fe + cr +nt * Solder - i + 5, li) mass by Yolume mass | solute. cli * volume 4 sor? * Gesman eae silver UF Zn+Ni * Gunmetal — Cu + 2n + 6p * Gast tren > Fe + carbonf ea ss ot cepa oh seen, STO Sat in g20 voter. calaiate | the concentration in terms | mass) f) heterogeneous micture 4 by mass 7. n.. \ é 4 Aue ext milk (rm golude (salt) - oq can't see Naked eyes (mr) q sol — 3204 ii) ga EE Scatyey beam | Night ns mass q sol% =(m) sy solude + solvent iv) can't separated ty = hO+820 ¢iltration = 8b0 4 \) eenérfugadion used separale Colloida) particle mass 7% SolIN= mass cy ole Yo = hs awe @ mass Bee" 18 wo _x109 ye See fa beam ep light. iw ae = way pad mod cars * Coe aa Eee. scs ioc ee i) ee mabocure nT ear eZ oh aye pia —. "ight enters a room througt it a sma hole NW) can be Qsepmirated " ¥ inside bulb = Neon gas fl tration ) Geatter Beam Gand: @) dntermediale properties b)w 4 x ace those rf merals + Non- metals they are metioids- X] ree le. * boron tide seh “Hetero” HE * Silicon a «germanium+ Homogeneous No fil tration * No filtrtHon Note visible to Naked os Not visible to Nawed eyes | . Heterogeneous I: Heterogeneous | eyes - * Oo & nek scatter Bi). scatter beam | + Scatter beam beam % Vigne Night Night Ex: wader Ex: milk en: Pour 4 water |Separare —> centrifugation | Pesed | dispersing | P pane oe at € excomnple. Liquid ‘Wertsoy Fog) cowds J Hise ‘Te ee (imerosei/) Smoxt automobile ar (eas quid)/WRORY shaving cream ne cu Liquid — Liqui. iD Face (Gres lca : Liquid | emwision | Mile Se rahe Wd Solid Liquid | mSow | milk of ii ITE aud component (solvent) “Gas fF solid | stoamy stim _| roar nae Sona, From i4s non-Nolatile | (Solute by th Ny cl butter 4 Phe Liquid | 6olid | trey je eese . butte shod aa | solid __| setia soy pao gemstone, tilly, aan filtration visible to Naked + solid — qos + used in blood ¢ urine rests. ; * Naphthalene * used Jo sparate - butter {orm aes = camphor * Anthracene © used in Washin, machines to egae out water trom Wet clothes. Ammoniuin chloride! ee poms oy a © TT separate ~ colours in a dyer . a Pr gmen}s sceertey Natura) COLOWNS: ~ drugs {rem blood: oe “gotes that dissolve- mizture containing | - macrure conteining | — used to Purity 400 miscible liquid./ ‘N20 Tmisei ble squid golids- - sea water - salt “Ext dasoline | ~ ex: oi) 4 woder - + L derived ser Greene TT a ylene rcetiraie, Ate — Separation si crystals A\coho\ | " {awn dom pee Paradtin 3 (uses sates. Kerosene € jeer sorpoudd + Sugar caer + Table salt (rac) + water (H20) oe © con * sodium bicarbonate +! calcium) carbonate 4 [pure subsiances] a: ne water: + gold compound peeopple pean 902 souk © soil cee elt oils * seo water * Soda wae © diamond In HEE) * Tron * Hed.12 + er tio} ee @ Maharishi kand —-(Parmanu) fi saul mie Sd sa P \ + teraicst anv cestonreet See ct Raemag ere : “(= Which further division will in -¢{i0)t Rt Rea CORA = NOt be posible H20 —= 1:8 = = pakucha Kakja yam, ai 2 a Parkicles Normally exist in 25 [awe © Hy > 1453 CO me ase @ combined Form which element Atomic No-| Atomic mas ed Gives us various forms % Hydrogen 4 4 ai* matters _vetieny rine am ™ Dermocritus 4. Leueippus Bn 3. wt 7 1 _Berytliue os ar vihen pareicle"ebiained ean | yoron 5 1) Not be dividéd further. [I Qc@-ber) a0 GIy eS Lee eae s as as _exygen |g Flow iM particles atoms |— sere ese ent — 2 |___ Neon lo Sodium 22. anal L- Lavoi siet es el ce Magnesium 2 a1 waits Muminium Is eS ae Silicon 1h 2M 1 Law 4 conservation q mass oe | 4 Phosiahorus is ‘ sulphut mass can Neither be created Nor destroyed in chemicod chiovine Feachon© G-022 x10%> | © Atomic radius measured in | Nanometers | " Ktom (radius) —~ jo 9q ae a oa © 602.2 x1o% " m@aikony—~ ast use Symbols | "06020 x10% © ® Ot Hydrogen Carbon oxygen | ¢ ee q eaagen ® ® OQ | akom “= 6-022. x10" Sakoms re Phosphorus { oy gen Sulphur mercy | Ve gen q 02 wt mil g | Lg fol tet "particu Pring ceca | Atomicity Monoatomic | es ie a a © 6-022xjo%S | A mole ‘ a Tonoakomic coke _| a atoms, 4c ae 129 4 i Dil i a —Piatomie abe, oe } diatomic jeuko | iven_ mass sraajeaDinkonicee ig No. &} moles = Meneices chlorine | piatomic Mola mass Phosphaurs | Tetra - Atomic Sulphur | poty atomic No particle Avogadro no. = No moles = ok units {hydrogen molecule combines with 32 units oxygen to qive ED { Water mole, — 36 given mass __ No.4] Particte Tolar mass RS No. — 220 ang +02. axteeat xine lbX0532= RRS @ tind the no: mole in Saat le- How vane ik moles are in 28g aN akom- Helium (He) ae iven mas: gi oe ass no Vemqole = ayo 70°§ mole = SINS 4 he molar mass a =13 4/4) electron — JJ Thanson a: | | 2] proton — Uo\dstein Qos more By N2 gas mass le) Newton, = Chadwick uae By eae | J positron - Ahderson ~~ Nth Na— (4X2 = 18 ‘eg nog mole = 2°27 Yh | ie 4 Propose a model {orth e Gtructure of an atom. @, molecwiar mass {| HNog | HNOS | SA tik + 6x3 seeanes a Akoms are Secs g- No % particles 469 ne akoms (so: trom mass) PoobucouooocuunbuuNuuuNe «particles are doubly - charged No- § moje = LM = Ne-} P helium ions - ™ 6 fu iyo" mass - 4. ™ ap hy 23 goarxtots = 12-044 1923* K-particle seaktering “experiment Bones robel J Atom / Reswk electrons have Specitic orbits ® passed Hraignt through the guid gi Every orbit has own Capacity ® some deflected by the toil F Nucleus very small than the by smayy angie i er shell our % bees 12000 payticles appeared +o tebound | eo" Return) - Conclusion posi ot Dag centre, \ faker called - Nucleus \ - faa clechon, elecHOns |ReVEWvE along “the al 4 790: q proton -8 | “} cobalt - treatment “{ cancer a, i Neutron -§ y 3) Csotope q toding - treatment r = mass ~ proton ; Di 4 gpitre. ely a eae) 3a Nog Neutron in Na (sodium) no: Newhon = mass - proton = 95-1] >. ie ¢ isotonic soluhon have. Same Molar concentrabion .mao |2 | FeSoy7Ha0) compound magnesia oxide Ferrous sWphate COPPEF(IL) oxide 4 Rae ae ore Voss of | ¥ a on water | Sa _| Fe-90, +2 3 | Fe2ds Ferric, oxide (olid) se 4) Noo Ni rBREM Noise A se > Agel Ssilversichioride Co'd) | 4 sb 19 Sunlight) t 6 | cuso, copper sulphate | "1 Ral a (Solution) | ie #| Feso, Tron sulphate (04) | iT 2cuo lead lodide | colours, | white powder | c green white Reddish Brown brown Fumes White \ = blue blue - green Barium sulphate Litmus sol” a Sahirated compound —| unsaturated compound | t=purple dye Blue clean flame pryeltouwish 4lame.| siaxed lime > Used 1 erg \ dezzting White Home + change al Thana write ashing coor thite pounder, Sens powder | compound 4 [par +. AO | - rae Oxide ) € magnesium ribbon burns usith a iy Cacdg (calcium carbonate) : used pummel Gs a aes aL) L Shi : ; combinakion Rey? Ha Finish x0 the walls f Rea: £ light axe produced « 2) (ay | * calOl)o + Co, —= cacos +20 calcium calcium hydvoxide carbonate F Skeletal chemical equation eq" is unbalanced because mass is not thelame on © 3) Burning q coal both side ”, ‘ag [ Jecs), + Qoxl Heo 0! (eee | ms oe } ‘22 Oa S3Ha0 *caO — quick lime (calcium oxtde) Cro ther nto Le * CaQH)a —saked lime (calcium Hye) [exomnermtc reactions | * Cc; — caftium carbonale forge Amount x heak ; is evolved. misture Galatem) o Burning Natura) gas aa Ssingle product is qetmed trom two @) more reactants - with ‘J catcium oxide react * water cHy + 202 — cog + 2H20 produce siaked time: | © respiration read * Cad = + H20 ———* caCoH), + Heat! (quick time) (Claxed lime) ‘ h © decomposition % vveqerable Inorganic compan). Matter Into compost - GeHi2 Og (a9) +602 —= 6C02 + 6hz0 +® /o/0/e/e7e/e/e/e/e/e/e 08 2eS ee 2 jn Sunglight m7 ingle Feactant breaks down m)| to give simpler products . angels sunlight. ane + clay = | 2 " (9 TAgBresy Sunlight - gage) + enc = © aFesoyts) HEME Fexds +8024 Sos ¢ te aay m= Ferrous Fee cal | supphate. , (greeny paar footh vea™ used ins 4 ib ae cotid = OS black 4-white_pho a Ferrous sulphate Caystals (Fes047H20) (green) joae wader Decomposition Real ] F ‘ " claw henge PUT TIE + | Rent oes pal white for bak + tight |, own Ape» erectricity 7 \ Teactants: & (a.Co3 5) FE coos cop | Limestone». quick ime used in manugachure cement. SnCuRY is abSorbed EOC C RETO Rea? mixture: coal: 3) 2Pb (Noa), cs) Hat. 26500) + Anogte (Lead nitrate) lead oxide Nitrogen) pital [NO J brown fumes.Fees) + Cuso, —* Fesoy + cu copper sulphale (elue) Tron sulphale (greenish blue) sodium Sulphade ea pecd Leaven has displaced @ Removed another element, copper trom Copper sulphate son. Lead Nitrate (white) | "J zn + CuS0s, (ag) —> ZnSoyioy #4) 2] Pb(Noa), J Nag$0, (49) + Bacle (oq) —= BA80H) Barium sod Barium — swiphate chiort chioride +kI —= PbLa2 +Xnlog lead pdide (yellow) @ Pb + cuctacaqy-—— Pbelacaa) FCW / gine Head de move reackve than copper. ok [Reactivity series | + ca sng — hol winder om rn ae fe +b “| Mot react with oats” __ oxidation Reduction * gain” oxygen |* toss oxygen |. gain Hydrogen + lose Hydrogen | oxidation 1 co + Ho H+ cu +H20 Reduction, -mpper t) oxide, orygen and is being reduced |. sve a and bei le eining oxy reused * COPPer (Irjoxide’ — Black.2] 22n0 + C —*2Zmgt Oy - = 3 Reduction 3 BoP 2c + 02 2cUuo BF copper oxy coprer ft) oride| x (black) = _ : m Cua me cu A202 — | w> “prer cNey | oxide brown = @ back conting “Sar brown | G when copper mpowder/is Ihealed) cS it gets bidca—ulh: 7 h \ 4 | — > Gxidakion % copper to copper) 2 oxide - 2? | > > PenBBon | - | ~aR. ED ieaumpe 2 « block a on silver P+ green enki on copper + rusting q ron + tots 4 oi! —2~ oxidised 1 they become Rancid + ghana smell + teste: voip iby Shh | + substance which prevent = keeping food in air Hight. oxidation : ded (antioxidants) 22S" foods contasning dats ¢ oi Containers helps ¢o slow down | oxidation. 1 @| Nitrogen |—- to prevent the chips fom paar iesAcids © sour in taste |* bitter * blue litmus to red * Red Wtmus to blue Putmus solukion - purple oe F extracted - lichen q belonging +p ge Thallophyta. I Natural makeing pet oq indicakor | Acid Base qurmeric (yeriew) Red L Gase Pink ei ndieacor | Acid phenol phthalei colour}ess (colourless) | =| MORN, Tee yellow | Red a + aed nine * smell! odowr indicator | Acid | Case onion | does not joses its! change its sett i |__smett clove olf | = x ah | a. Vani\ia. does not | vanish | Nanish | with j with Acid) pase r ted cou leaves coloured petals 6} some flow + f = NG eee * petuniq * Geranium Acid + Metal —=salt + Ho Base + Acid —= salt +wWaler metal oxide + Acid — Salt +H Acid + Metal carbonate or —> salt bicarbonate. or water carbo)ioncentradedmAcid | DikukeNeREidS Acids that contain, ” Acids Hhak PoiAgia "Rave pour rast Only a seas quan-| contin more the cee water then the L corrosive in Nature at GR: , + keid t , Water} . BT Release H+ ions in aqueous gol Sy mare acid “ 3 a Fale agen + tess Aci Example. * Hes0, (sulphuric Acid) a a eo dae = * CH3COOH (Acetic Acid) ! ) r So + HNlos Nitric Acid ' I" | = F The electric current is caried-— ™ : = i Hmrough the Addie. so!® Sins. ‘ i == yD An 7: The PWCESS of dissolving aM a rb = «dlor woseWGer isa + Hea * oxalic <2 ‘ighly exornefmic one “cog EW WVasa = + [oe Sip Wr py’ aeeys be The Gkmosphere o} venus: sa» added sowhy +o wdker with \S made up q a thick while! => constont stivving, A => and ‘Yetowishrclouds) of a> a> as,* [Acid 4+ metal —= — sat + He 2 | Quel + Pe —— macle t Ha salt Acid + metal carbonale @ * bicatbonat water eel metallic oxide | ' \ Non-metallic oxide basic oxide Acidtc oxide ™ nlon- metallic oxide ab — salt al Base catbon | ey Naztos + artel — 2Nlael +H204 Co, ¥ the ™ NaHcos + Hed | forms x ‘alcium scaxborale | (cacos) - 4... + choik * marble (cates) | Neutralization “Reaction _ | Acid + Base —* sat + rate SS NooH + Hel ——~ wac} +420. ica m | metal oxide + Acid es — Nock +20 402) [ee Prete sar dioxide||* Ca(OH)y + Co2 ——-cucog THep) sepration q Ht on from Molecwes cannot occur "0 Hhe absence ie Wodtey Hel © Hel +20 —~ Hedt +eh7 do wot |_ Conduct, electricity bitter taste SOdpy IsoFk to touch Release oy- - | fons in Aqueous sol * Nao + KOH * CQ (OH). Allkalis : Water soluble bases. PUL bases do not dissolve in weesYams Base +metal —~ sat + Ho ™ NaoH cag) + Za—> NagZndg tha, Sodium Aincare % When pH of vain Water lesS than 56 i 4 Acid rain Toth decay starts When the PA mouth is | Jower than 5:5” ste Acidic Busic + “Rath shame) rade 4 ne eerie | ‘ > very eo ion t very" “calcium! Bydrexqopatite a Aeidic Basic (crystalline form of calcium a= k Phosphate) a a Toothpaste Basec «2 Hea {0 oa == a 7.4 i IK q magnesia (magnesi =2 Gastric juice 1Rig dy az ( TTY =: See ee. aa | nycroxwe =f 6 Y e pple Sea =? ome | “Antacids: i> [Tomas suice | yes - + 5 Bis re Acids Geource. 27 Carrot Juice. 6 | — tactic Acid: {Sete 22 haere a in Ascorbic Acid | Ama - SE aS | | oxalic Acid pee ~ > 4 citric Acid milk - i [ames Pod i PH Blood Aas Bile =o | Formic Acid/ | An‘t’s Sting Pancreatic Juice Methandic Acid | Nattle sting Litmus sol it : milk & magnesia »NaoHuses Hydrochloric Acid | Remove yust rom metals Gulphurie Acid Gukomobile batteries qertilizers , | Painis plastic 4 dyes Be aig NC in fertilizers , plastics photographic qims explosive 4 eal Acetic Acid used in {ood Geupplemends asa rw Siege. material 4 used as colvent ’ ss baring oe (san J FE wher, electricity is passed vy Bee * calt q strung. Be, Sea tae Acid + Sees, base. —» Neubral used Wait |) fel oie ee Nal cae) + © sce . we rronge base + Weak Acid— basic = ‘ ; (pa-13) Aqueous s0l°.g sodium chlavide: (canted barine) ering - trong Acid + Weak base —~ Acidic — 25S at ao a (PH- 43) Eehtor rocess | = Galt formed eh decomposes to form —~ Hel + NAOH —= Niac) +H20) \ podium hydrooide Comm, NEC) ae eaeee \ Salt ™ Symbol struggle dur freedom, Nactsodium hydroxide olution is formed cathode. a ee Chlorine is produced att electrolysis OF baring | Neay the This chlorine co is wed to for manutacture % essen Powder | + ee AO CoBel + 138 t ‘4 Ay calcium eo dry slake vine Plinen in the textile \ndustry Paper factories L Wh&hed clothes in laundry aA apt make germs: a oes orn water free from SUSHSUOVDO ODER OLDE ODDEN - Godium haere carbonate — produced ; Antacids. (8-9 en BiNoch +H20 +COg+ NH3—= NHych+ NaHcos a niHycl = Ammonium chlovide " NQHCOg - sodium hyd709 encaybo- nage Nagcos +120 +t | sod ium a Carbonate Heak » 2NaHCoa, L ® Antacid ' 66 Aptacidy ® soda ~ Acid tive Sy +O ~ Godium carbonate - obtained from: sodium chloride | avavies HERES nage 4 +o ——— sodium carbonate a© plue vitriol — CuSO, -® used in gloss. soap 4 paper Industries p© manujachire G sodium compound Buch as borax r® nL agent -® ct permanent hasdness | & wader? | silpHaie . cad water moiecwe. Present in one 9 formula wnit glcusoy) CS0,,- 2420 4 Casoy-gH,0 —S48K CoS0,-t Hao calcium swiphade Hemihy drade . CaS0,¢1- 20 +1520 — caso, 240] yr pi Sue, BB 2h, PpPpPPAPPPPPrps ¢‘ cond OO ane [fretas non-Metals | | state beaten into thin i. int urjace eee ave a. ines ¥ + 23 bs | re Most malieable metals = = Cold Zein} 7 2 2 = 23 a, a> as * Silver | * most puctile * Drawn into thin = Aad 4 —Metals that produce a sound | about 2'm on Pry a hard surface 7 * Gold 4 = School bells are mabe best conductors q heat: Lm but “gallium, s silver Balin : eee” copper [ssid et voor temp.) —— Poor conductors 4 heat as + lead ; pag pe ia ak. |} a Foom tempi aK| except Lexcept. ‘ Bromine * TOdine: won mejal but | | | Justurous, Niquid at Room temp Allotrope. | | | 1 When dissolve in ge ; Weree eeraphite, - e t pa eee 7 very igh | q PIeCrricity Mel bun , boiling point | 7 Diamond “Lithium | 1ow Pensities ssodium — | Ji m OW. meltins L * potassium ron % \ QBofk 4 they can cut with Knife Omeniarn alt: Shocante 4 meta) + ony gen —+ metal oxide. le 2c +0, —* acuo Copper city oxide. (black)] m uo + 2HCl —~ cucle +H20 1 Greenish Blue = metal = Non metal oxide oxide ip i Va 4 Basic Acidic, + Basic| Auminiun ’ oxide oxide * HANS S02 = 20120, “Al203 +6Hel —~ onIcl3 +3420 + sale "most meta) oxide are insolub| in water, [except | Potassium Sodium oxide, oxide ae Pe ee Bessove in water 4 Produce Ayxalis. FUSULLELLLUCUUG GU OUU LEN DUU ULE bob bWbbbubbbes eral oxide + Acid — Salt + 120) Giver 4 Goid | do not react with ony gen. * | React 50 vig Loy rously with oa | they caich dire Jf kept in open aa potassium * sodium —_J ' | they ore kept (mmersed in “Kefosene olf O20 Rea y aay thick oxide layer i Aluminium Aluminium article is made the Anode + elecholysed with dilute swphuric acidK ® potassium etc Na @ sodium cae calcium ma s To ear » React Wit} AL a Aluminium Zn 0 Tron Lead. Copper, 00 NOE Mebeuy a A with siWWer, ‘Go| d- metals Poa When treated emagnesium _ Hot) ae bubbles g Ho gas eLchiog to its Gurtace- AY + Swphure —~ Black colour. reaction Violent + ecco thermic y that evolved Ha immediafely catch dive th) cold water > cold water Jess violent h hot Waser Zinc ——__SS. feact with steam react wate at all react “with “sodiusy hydroxide | W oxides * Aluminium oocide * zinc oxide * Silicon dioxide ‘ : with Calcium paide Not react*NaoW. © gosic basic — metalic oxide does not ti (Basic in Natu.) react with page. | ® Non metal +0, —= Non metal oxid: wieee oo @ When metal reacts with Acid “Aqua regia 4 I Ha gas is evolved L qreshly prepared mixture concentrated hydrochloric acid 1 + conc: Nitric Acid in vahon 4 metal Feact With witric Acid eit | (HNo3] — Hel: HNos, Ma gas is not | See ee bf highly corrosive org Viquid | because — hnios ig shrong rit is one % the tew veartents: oxidising agent: —~ pedu, tak is able to dissolve aold 4 oy x ci ci 7) platinum | ig A 2 = <2 = = = s > a> a> 2 22 a (sue é q Tonic comp. F covalent comp, magnesibmncms) + manganese” | (ry) + hranster q [+ stating 9 etechon | Feact with Very dilwe AertO AAI I" insoluble in HNox t0 evolve 2 qas * dorm mets to) water Non- metal. | = mete! + °Aehd —~salt + Ho = Res is feasible: hard because Strong. fosce fo Atractia ©4© wns. have high ne coy point | aso maied elechovalent comp - : wre + cysoy — Fesoy teu ‘Dron more F Yeactive thar a cs coppe a c= —_ ae qenerally soluble in wotere- an + FeSOy —» ZnSOy + Fe Sroseueaeei) i \ > Tnsoluble in ‘solvents conduct electricity in molten Stake @ Fe + Zns0, —> Za 4 Fes, Tron less Feachve Zin)v4 ores + sulphide ores carbonate ore changed are converted | 4 into oxide by ae electrolysis, Peal | motten ore = AL into oxide by | heating strongly) heating stron gy in limited abv: IN presence au exess ait. | 7 Reduction Bence Cinnabar J |edncentraion q ore ae Ls metals 1 high a Metals q medium Feackivi Sy | reitaanencael | 1 Electrolysis: ¢ COrbonate sulphide Sulphide molten ore “C ore ore \ pure Metal calcination or Saar metals % reactivity . 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