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 ACI 355.2-07

Qualification of Post-Installed
Mechanical Anchors in Concrete
and Commentary
An ACI Standard

Reported by ACI Committee 355

 First Printing
June 2007
American Concrete Institute ®

Advancing concrete knowledge

Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in Concrete

and Commentary

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ISBN 978-0-87031-247-2
 ACI 355.2-07

Qualification of Post-Installed Mechanical Anchors in

Concrete (ACI 355.2-07) and Commentary
An ACI Standard
Reported by ACI Committee 355

Ronald A. Cook Richard E. Wollmershauser

Chair Secretary

Tarek S. Aziz Brian C. Gerber Anthony J. Lamanna Donald F. Meinheit

Ranjit L. Bandyopadhyay Herman L. Graves, III Harry B. Lancelot, III Richard S. Orr
Peter J. Carrato Kevin D. Heinert Nam-Ho Lee Alan D. Price
Harry A. Chambers Christopher Heinz Alexander Makitka, Jr. Patrick J. E. Sullivan
Rolf Eligehausen Bruce I. Ireland Lee W. Mattis James B. Turley
Sam S. Eskildsen Richard E. Klingner Robert R. McGlohn Harry Wiewel
Branko Galunic

ACI 355.2 prescribes testing programs and evaluation requirements for 4.2—Test samples
post-installed mechanical anchors intended for use in concrete under the 4.3—Testing by independent testing and evaluation
design provisions of ACI 318. Criteria are prescribed for determining
whether anchors are acceptable for use in uncracked concrete only, or in
agency and by manufacturer
cracked as well as uncracked concrete. Performance categories for anchors 4.4—Changes to product
are established, as are the criteria for assigning anchors to each category.
The anchor performance categories are used by ACI 318 to assign capacity Chapter 5—Requirements for test specimens,
reduction factors and other design parameters. installing anchors, and conducting tests,
p. 355.2-8
Keywords: anchors; cracked concrete; expansion anchors; fasteners; 5.1—Concrete for test members
mechanical anchors; post-installed anchors; undercut anchors. 5.2—Anchor installation
5.3—Test methods
CONTENTS 5.4—Tests in cracked concrete
STANDARD 5.5—General requirements for anchor behavior
Chapter 1—Scope, p. 355.2-3

Chapter 2—Definitions and notation, p. 355.2-3 Chapter 6—Requirements for anchor

2.1—Definitions identification, p. 355.2-12
6.1—Determination of critical characteristics of anchors
2.2—Notation
6.2—Specification of critical characteristics of anchors
6.3—Verification of conformance to drawings and
Chapter 3—Significance and use, p. 355.2-6
specifications
Chapter 4—General requirements, p. 355.2-6
4.1—Testing sequence Chapter 7—Reference tests, p. 355.2-12
7.1—Purpose
7.2—Reference tension tests for single anchors without
ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and
Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, spacing and edge effects (Table 4.1, Tests 1 and 2, or
designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This Table 4.2, Tests 1, 2, 3, and 4)
document is intended for the use of individuals who are 7.3—Required calculations using results of reference tests
competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its
content and recommendations and who will accept
responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Chapter 8—Reliability tests, p. 355.2-13
The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all 8.1—Purpose
responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not
be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. ACI 355.2-07 supersedes ACI 355.2-04, was adopted April 2007, and published June
Reference to this document shall not be made in contract 2007.
documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Copyright © 2007, American Concrete Institute.
Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any
means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or
shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction
the Architect/Engineer. or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing
is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

355.2-1
355.2-2 ACI STANDARD

8.2—Reliability tests using reduced installation effort COMMENTARY

(Table 4.1, Test 3, and Table 4.2, Test 5) Chapter R1—Scope, p. 355.2-23
8.3—Reliability in low-strength concrete with large drill
bit (Table 4.1, Test 4, and Table 4.2, Test 6) Chapter R2—Definitions and notation, p. 355.2-23
8.4—Reliability in high-strength concrete with small drill R2.1—Definitions
bit (Table 4.1, Test 5, and Table 4.2, Test 7) R2.2—Notation
8.5—Reliability under repeated load (Table 4.1, Test 6)
8.6—Reliability in cracked concrete where crack width is Chapter R3—Significance and use, p. 355.2-23
cycled (Table 4.2, Test 8)
Chapter R4—General requirements, p. 355.2-23
Chapter 9—Service-condition tests, p. 355.2-15 R4.1—Testing sequence
9.1—Purpose R4.2—Test samples
9.2—Service-condition tension test with single anchor and
with two edges (corner) (Table 4.1, Test 7, and Chapter R5—Requirements for test specimens,
Table 4.2, Test 9) installing anchors, and conducting tests,
9.3—Service-condition test at minimum edge distance and p. 355.2-26
minimum spacing (Table 4.1, Test 8, and Table 4.2, R5.1—Concrete for test members
Test 10) R5.2—Anchor installation
9.4—Service-condition shear test for single anchors R5.4—Tests in cracked concrete
without spacing and edge effects (Table 4.1, Test 9, R5.5—General requirements for anchor behavior
and Table 4.2, Test 11)
9.5—Service-condition, simulated seismic tension tests Chapter R6—Requirements for anchor
(Table 4.2, Test 12) identification, p. 355.2-28
R6.3—Verification of conformance to drawings and
9.6—Service-condition, simulated seismic shear tests
specifications
(Table 4.2, Test 13)

Chapter 10—Establishing anchor categories, Chapter R7—Reference tests, p. 355.2-28

p. 355.2-18 R7.2—Reference tension tests for single anchors without
spacing and edge effects (Table 4.1, Tests 1 and 2,
Chapter 11—Presenting anchor data, p. 355.2-18 or Table 4.2, Tests 1, 2, 3, and 4)
11.1—Data analysis R7.3—Required calculations using results of reference
11.2—Format of data sheet tests
11.3—General requirements
11.4—Contents of evaluation report Chapter R8—Reliability tests, p. 355.2-29
R8.2—Reliability tests using reduced installation effort
Chapter 12—Requirements for independent (Table 4.1, Test 3, and Table 4.2, Test 5)
testing and evaluation agency, p. 355.2-19 R8.3—Reliability in low-strength concrete with large drill
bit (Table 4.1, Test 4, and Table 4.2, Test 6)
Chapter 13—References, p. 355.2-19
13.1—Referenced standards R8.4—Reliability in high-strength concrete with small
drill bit (Table 4.1, Test 5, and Table 4.2, Test 7)
MANDATORY APPENDIXES R8.5—Reliability under repeated load (Table 4.1, Test 6)
Appendix A1—Requirements for normalization of R8.6—Reliability in cracked concrete where crack width
results, p. 355.2-21 is cycled (Table 4.2, Test 8)
A1.1—Normalization of capacities to take account of
concrete and steel strengths Chapter R9—Service-condition tests, p. 355.2-30
A1.2—Concrete breakout or splitting failure R9.2—Service-condition tension test with single anchor
A1.3—Pullout and pull-through failure and with two edges (corner) (Table 4.1, Test 7, and
A1.4—Steel failure Table 4.2, Test 9)
R9.3—Service-condition test at minimum edge distance
Appendix A2—Requirements for establishing and minimum spacing (Table 4.1, Test 8, and Table
characteristic capacities, p. 355.2-21 4.2, Test 10)
A2.1—Scope
R9.4—Service-condition shear test for single anchors
A2.2—Procedure
without spacing and edge effects (Table 4.1, Test 9,
and Table 4.2, Test 11)
Appendix A3—Requirements for test members,
p. 355.2-21 R9.5—Service-condition, simulated seismic tension tests
A3.1—Tests in uncracked concrete (Table 4.2, Test 12)
A3.2—Tests in cracked concrete R9.6—Service-condition, simulated seismic shear tests
A3.3—Casting and curing of test members (Table 4.2, Test 13)
 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS IN CONCRETE 355.2-3

Chapter R11—Presenting anchor data, p. 355.2-31

Chapter R13—References, p. 355.2-31

R13.1—Cited references

Appendix RA1—Requirements for normalization of

results, p. 355.2-31
RA1.2—Concrete breakout or splitting failure
RA1.3—Pullout and pull-through failure

Appendix RA3—Requirements for test members, Fig. 2.1—Examples of displacement-controlled expansion

p. 355.2-31 anchors.
RA3.2—Tests in cracked concrete
1.5 The values stated either in inch-pound units or SI units
EXAMPLE EVALUATION OF A WEDGE-TYPE are to be separately regarded. Within the text, the SI units are
ANCHOR IN UNCRACKED CONCRETE shown in parentheses. The values in each system are not
E1—Anchor specifications, p. 355.2-32 exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
E2—Test results, p. 355.2-32
systems shall result in nonconformance with ACI 355.2.
E3—Evaluation, p. 355.2-32
E3.1—General CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS AND NOTATION
2.1—Definitions
E3.2—Reference tests in uncracked low-strength concrete 2.1.1 Anchor category—The classification for an anchor
E3.3—Reference tests in uncracked high-strength concrete that is established by the performance of the anchor in
E3.4—Reliability tests, reduced installation effort reliability tests (refer to Chapter 10).
E3.5—Reliability tests, large hole diameter 2.1.2 Anchor group—A number of anchors of approximately
E3.6—Reliability tests, small hole diameter equal effective embedment depth with each anchor spaced at
E3.7—Reliability tests, repeated load less than three times its embedment depth from one or more
E3.8—Service-condition tests, corner test adjacent anchors.
E3.9—Service-condition tests, minimum edge distance 2.1.3 Anchor system—Similar anchors that vary only due
and spacing to diameter or embedment depth; a product line of a single
E3.10—Service-condition tests, shear tests manufacturer.
2.1.4 Characteristic value—The 5% fractile (value with a
E4—Establishing anchor category, p. 355.2-35 95% probability of being exceeded, with a confidence of 90%).
2.1.5 Concrete breakout failure—A concrete failure mode
E5—Report of anchor data, p. 355.2-35 that develops a cone or edge failure of the test member due
to setting of the anchor or to applied loads.
STANDARD 2.1.6 Cracked concrete—A concrete test member with a
single, full-depth, approximately uniform width crack.
CHAPTER 1—SCOPE 2.1.7 Displacement-controlled expansion anchor—A post-
1.1 ACI 355.2 prescribes testing and evaluation requirements installed anchor that is set by expansion against the side of the
for post-installed mechanical anchors intended for use in drilled hole through movement of an internal plug in the sleeve
concrete designed under the provisions of ACI 318. Criteria or through movement of the sleeve over an expansion element
are prescribed to determine whether anchors are acceptable (plug) (Fig. 2.1); once set, no further expansion can occur.
for use in uncracked concrete only, or in cracked as well as 2.1.8 Pullout failure—A failure mode in which the anchor
uncracked concrete. Criteria are prescribed to determine the pulls out of the concrete without development of the full
performance category for each anchor. The anchor steel or concrete capacity.
performance categories are used by ACI 318 to assign 2.1.9 Pull-through failure—A failure mode in which the
capacity reduction factors and other design parameters. anchor body pulls through the expansion mechanism without
1.2 ACI 355.2 describes the tests required to qualify a development of the full steel or concrete capacity.
post-installed mechanical anchor or anchor system for use 2.1.10 Setting of an anchor—The process of activating the
under the provisions of ACI 318. load-transfer mechanism of an anchor in a drilled hole.
1.3 ACI 355.2 applies to post-installed mechanical anchors 2.1.11 Splitting failure—A concrete failure mode in which
(torque-controlled expansion anchors, displacement-controlled the concrete fractures along a plane passing through the axis
expansion anchors, and undercut anchors) placed into of the anchor or anchors.
predrilled holes and anchored within the concrete by 2.1.12 Statistically equivalent—Two groups of test results
mechanical means. shall be considered statistically equivalent if there are no
1.4 ACI 355.2 applies to anchors with a nominal diameter significant differences between the means of the two groups;
of 1/4 in. (6 mm) or larger. statistical equivalence of the means of two groups shall be
355.2-4 ACI STANDARD

Fig. 2.2—Examples of torque-controlled expansion anchors.

Fig. 2.3(d)—Type 4 undercut anchor. Displacement-controlled

anchor that cuts its own undercut while set by hammering
sleeve over cone.

Fig. 2.3(a)—Type 1 undercut anchor. Load-controlled

anchor installed by tensioning anchor, causing sleeve to
expand into predrilled undercut. Fig. 2.3(e)—Type 5 undercut anchor. Torque-controlled
anchor set into predrilled undercut by application of torque
forcing sleeve over cone (two examples shown).

Fig. 2.3(b)—Type 2 undercut anchor. Displacement-controlled

anchor set in predrilled undercut by hammering sleeve Fig. 2.3(f)—Type 6 undercut anchor. Torque-controlled anchor
over cone. that cuts its own undercut by application of setting torque that
forces sleeve over cone.

evaluated using the small sample statistical concepts associated

with one-sided t-test at a confidence of 90%.
2.1.13 Steel failure—A failure mode in which the steel
anchor parts fracture.
2.1.14 Test series—A group of tests having the same
parameters.
2.1.15 Torque-controlled expansion anchor—A post-
installed expansion anchor that is set by the expansion of one
or more sleeves or other elements against the sides of the
drilled hole through the application of torque, which pulls
the cone(s) into the expansion sleeve(s) (Fig. 2.2); after
Fig. 2.3(c)—Type 3 undercut anchor. Displacement-controlled setting, tensile loading can cause additional expansion
anchor installed in predrilled undercut and set by defined (follow-up expansion).
displacement, causing expansion sleeve to expand into 2.1.16 Uncracked concrete—A test member that remains
undercut. uncracked, unless the crack is part of a failure mode.
 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS IN CONCRETE 355.2-5

2.1.17 Undercut anchor—A post-installed anchor that

derives tensile holding strength by the mechanical interlock
provided by undercutting the concrete, achieved either by a
special tool or by the anchor itself during installation (Fig. 2.3).

2.2—Notation
Ase = effective cross-sectional area of anchor, in.2
(mm2)
ccr = edge distance required to develop full concrete
capacity of post-installed anchor in absence of
reinforcement to control splitting, in. (mm)
Fig. 2.4—Effective embedment depth.
cmin = minimum allowable edge distance as determined
from testing and given in manufacturer’s data
sheets, in. (mm) K = statistical constant (one-sided tolerance factor)
dm = diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit with diameter used to establish 5% fractile with a 90%
on low end of tolerance range for new bit, confidence, whose value depends on the
representing moderately used bit, in. (mm) number of tests (Appendix A2)
dmax = diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit with diameter k = effectiveness factor, whose value depends on
on high end of tolerance range for new bit, the type of anchor
representing bit as large as would be expected kcr = effectiveness factor for anchors tested in
in use, in. (mm) cracked concrete
dmin = diameter of carbide-tipped drill bit with diameter kuncr = effectiveness factor for anchors tested in
below low end of tolerance range for new bit, uncracked concrete
representing a well-used bit, in. (mm) N = normal force (generally tensile), lb (N)
do = outside diameter of post-installed anchor, in. N1 = minimum tension load above which variations
(mm) in the load-displacement curve are acceptable,
F5% = characteristic capacity in test series, as calculated as prescribed in 5.5.1.1, lb (N)
using Eq. (A2-1), lb (N) N10% = mean load at 10% of ultimate load measured in
Fm = mean failure capacity, lb (N) tension test, lb (N)
Fm,i = mean normalized capacity in test series i, as N30% = mean load at 30% of ultimate load measured in
calculated using Eq. (A1-1), lb (N) tension tests, lb (N)
Fut = mean normalized anchor capacity in test series Nb = characteristic tensile capacity of an anchor
i as calculated using Eq. (A1-2), lb (N) with a concrete failure mode (5% fractile of
Fu,test,i = mean anchor capacity as determined from test test results), lb (N)
series i, lb (N) Nb,o = characteristic tensile capacity in reference
fc′ = specified compressive strength of concrete, psi tests, lb (N)
(MPa) Nb,r = characteristic tensile capacity in reliability tests,
fc,m,i = concrete compressive strength to which test lb (N)
results for test series i are to be normalized Neq = maximum tension load to be applied in the
using Eq. (A1-1), psi (MPa) simulated seismic tension test in accordance
fc,test,i = mean concrete compressive strength measured with Table 9.1, Fig. 9.1, and Eq. (9-1), lb (N)
with standard cylinders, for concrete of test Neq,reduced = reduced maximum tension load at which the
series i, psi (MPa) anchor successfully completes the simulated
fut = specified ultimate tensile strength of anchor seismic tension test, lb (N)
steel, psi (MPa) Ni = intermediate tension load to be applied in the
f u,test = mean ultimate tensile strength of anchor steel simulated seismic tension test in accordance
as determined by test, psi (MPa) with Table 9.1 and Fig. 9.1, equal to 0.75Neq ,
fy = specified yield strength of anchor steel, psi lb (N)
(MPa) Ni,reduced = reduced intermediate tension load at which the
h = thickness of structural member, measured anchor successfully completes the simulated
perpendicular to concrete surface where the seismic tension test, equal to 0. 75Neq,reduced,
anchor is installed, in. (mm) lb (N)
hef = effective embedment depth, measured from the Nk = lowest characteristic tensile capacity in
concrete surface to the deepest point at which reference tests in uncracked concrete for
the anchor tension load is transferred to the concrete, steel, or pullout failures for the
concrete (Fig. 2.4), in. (mm) concrete strength of the test member, lb (N)
hmin = minimum member thickness, specified by the Nm = minimum tension load to be applied in the
anchor manufacturer, in. (mm) simulated seismic tension test in accordance
355.2-6 ACI STANDARD

with Table 9.1 and Fig. 9.1, equal to 0.50Neq, ν = sample coefficient of variation (standard
lb (N) deviation divided by the mean) expressed as
Nm,reduced = reduced minimum tension load at which the decimal fraction or in percent
anchor successfully completes the simulated ψc,N = factor used to modify tensile strength of
seismic tension test, equal to 0.50Neq,reduced, anchors based on presence or absence of crack
lb (N) in concrete. (Note: this term was defined as ψ3
Np,cr = nominal pullout strength in tension of a single in 355.2-01.)
anchor in cracked concrete, lb (N)
Np,eq = nominal pullout strength in tension of a single CHAPTER 3—SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
anchor for load cases including earthquake 3.1 ACI 355.2 applies to post-installed mechanical
loading in accordance with ACI 318, lb (N) anchors intended for use in structural applications addressed
Np,uncr = nominal pullout strength in tension of a single by ACI 318 and subjected to static or seismic loads in
anchor in uncracked concrete, lb (N) tension, shear, or combined tension and shear. Examples of
Nst = characteristic tensile steel capacity of an applicable anchors are shown in Fig. 2.1 to 2.3. ACI 355.2
anchor, lb (N) does not apply to anchors loaded in compression when the
Nu = ultimate load measured in a tension test, lb (N) expansion mechanism is also loaded in compression, or to
Nw = tensile load in tests of anchors located in cracks anchors subjected to long-term fatigue loading. Anchors
whose opening width is cycled, lb (N) meeting the requirements of ACI 355.2 are expected to
n = number of anchors in a test series sustain their design loads (in tension, shear, and combined
tension and shear) while providing adequate stiffness. The
smin = minimum spacing used in Table 4.1, Test 8 and
behavior of anchors in plastic hinge zones of reinforced
Table 4.2, Test 10, in. (mm)
concrete structures is not simulated in the requirements of
T = applied torque in a test, ft·lb (N·m)
this document for the qualification of anchors.
Tinst = specified or maximum setting torque for expan-
sion or prestressing of an anchor, ft·lb (N·m)
CHAPTER 4—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Veq = maximum shear load to be applied in the 4.1—Testing sequence
simulated seismic shear test in accordance Perform four types of tests in the following sequence:
with Table 9.2, Fig. 9.2, and either Eq. (9-3) or 1. Identification tests to evaluate the anchor’s compliance
(9-4), lb (N) with the critical characteristics (Chapter 6);
Veq,reduced = reduced maximum shear load at which the 2. Reference tests to establish baseline performance against
anchor successfully completes the simulated which subsequent tests are to be compared (Chapter 7);
seismic shear test, lb (N) 3. Reliability tests to confirm the reliability of the anchor
Vi = intermediate shear load to be applied in the under adverse installation procedures and long-term use
simulated seismic shear test in accordance with (Chapter 8); and
Table 9.2 and Fig. 9.2, equal to 0.75Veq, lb (N)
4. Service-condition tests to evaluate the performance of
Vi,reduced = reduced intermediate shear load at which the the anchor under expected service conditions (Chapter 9).
anchor successfully completes the simulated
Test requirements are summarized in Tables 4.1 and 4.2.
seismic shear test, equal to 0.75Veq,reduced , lb (N)
Determine the acceptability of the anchor using the criteria
Vm = minimum shear load to be applied in the simu- prescribed in Chapters 6 through 9. Determine the anchor
lated seismic shear test in accordance with category (an index of the anchor’s sensitivity to conditions
Table 9.2 and Fig. 9.2, equal to 0.50Veq , lb (N) of installation and use) using the criteria prescribed in
Vm,reduced = reduced minimum shear load at which the Chapter 10. Report the lowest anchor category by diameter
anchor successfully completes the simulated as prescribed in Chapter 11. For anchors with multiple
seismic shear test, equal to 0.50Veq,reduced , lb (N) embedment depths, refer to Table 5.7.
Vsa = nominal shear strength in shear of a single
anchor as governed by steel strength in accor- 4.2—Test samples
dance with ACI 318, lb (N) For anchors in production, the testing agency shall
Vsa,eq = nominal shear strength in shear of a single randomly select anchors to be used in this qualification
anchor for load cases, including earthquake program from the manufacturing or distribution facility, and
loading, in accordance with ACI 318, lb (N) verify that the samples are representative of the production
w = crack width, in. (mm) of the manufacturer as supplied to the marketplace.
β = axial stiffness of anchor in service load range, To test newly developed anchors that are not in production,
lb/in. (kN/mm) use samples produced by the expected production methods.
Δw = change in crack width, in. (mm) After production has begun, perform identification and
Δ10% = mean displacement measured at 10% of ultimate reference tests to verify that the constituent materials have
load in tension test, in. (mm) not changed and that the performance of the production
Δ30% = mean displacement measured at 30% of ultimate anchors is statistically equivalent to that of the anchors
load in tension test, in. (mm) originally tested (2.1.12).
 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS IN CONCRETE 355.2-7

Table 4.1—Test program for evaluating anchor systems for use in uncracked concrete
Test Concrete Member Drill bit Minimum
number Section Purpose Description strength thickness diameter sample size* n
Reference tests
Reference test in uncracked ≥hmin dm
1 7.2 Tension—single anchor with no edge influence Low 5
low-strength concrete
2 7.2 Reference test in uncracked Tension—single anchor with no edge influence High ≥hmin dm 5
high-strength concrete
Reliability tests
Sensitivity to reduced Varies with ≥hmin
3 8.2 installation effort Tension—single anchor with no edge influence anchor type dm † 5

4 8.3 Sensitivity to large hole diameter Tension—single anchor with no edge influence Low ≥hmin dmax 5
5 8.4 Sensitivity to small hole diameter Tension—single anchor with no edge influence High ≥hmin dmin 5
Repeated tension—single anchor with no edge ≥hmin
6 8.5 Reliability under repeated load influence, residual capacity Low dm 5‡
Service-condition tests
Verification of full concrete capacity in Tension—single anchor in corner with two
hmin dm
7 9.2 corner with two edges located at 1.5hef edges located at 1.5hef Low 4

8 9.3 Minimum spacing and edge distance to High installation tension (torque or direct)— Low hmin dm 5
preclude splitting on installation two anchors near edge
9 9.4 Shear capacity of anchor steel§ Shear—single anchor with no edge influence Low ≥hmin dm 5
*Minimum sample size for each anchor diameter, unless otherwise noted.
†Drillbit diameters for undercuts are specified in Table 5.6.
‡
Tests are not required for each anchor diameter. Test smallest, middle, and largest anchor diameter.
§
Required only for anchors whose cross-sectional area, within five anchor diameters of the shear failure plane, is less than that of a threaded bolt of the same nominal diameter as the
anchor, or for sleeved anchors when shear capacity of the sleeve will be considered.

Table 4.2—Test program for evaluating anchor systems for use in cracked and uncracked concrete
Test Crack opening Concrete Member Drill bit Minimum
number Section Purpose Description width w, in. (mm) strength thickness diameter sample size* n
Reference tests
1 7.2 Reference test in uncracked Tension—single anchor with no edge — Low ≥hmin dm 5
low-strength concrete influence
Reference test in uncracked Tension—single anchor with no edge ≥hmin dm
2 7.2 high-strength concrete influence — High 5
Reference test in low-strength, Tension—single anchor with no edge ≥hmin dm
3 7.2 0.012 (0.3) Low 5
cracked concrete influence
Reference test in high-strength, Tension—single anchor with no edge ≥hmin dm
4 7.2 0.012 (0.3) High 5
cracked concrete influence
Reliability tests
Sensitivity to reduced Tension—single anchor with no edge Varies with
5 8.2 installation effort influence 0.012 (0.3) anchor type ≥hmin dm † 5

6 8.3 Sensitivity to crack width and Tension—single anchor with no edge 0.020 (0.5) Low ≥hmin dmax 5
large hole diameter influence
7 8.4 Sensitivity to crack width and Tension—single anchor with no edge 0.020 (0.5) High ≥hmin dmin 5
small hole diameter influence
Test in cracks whose opening Sustained tension—single anchor with 0.004 to 0.012 ≥hmin
8 8.6 width is cycled no edge influence, residual capacity (0.1 to 0.3) Low dmax‡ 5
Service-condition tests
Verification of full concrete Tension—single anchor in corner with
9 9.2 capacity in corner with two edges two edges located at 1.5hef — Low hmin dm 4
located at 1.5hef
Minimum spacing and edge High installation tension (torque or
10 9.3 distance to preclude splitting on — Low hmin dm 5
installation in uncracked concrete direct)—two anchors near edge
Shear—single anchor with no edge ≥hmin
11 9.4 Shear capacity of anchor steel§ influence — Low dm 5
Pulsating tension, single anchor, with ≥hmin
12|| 9.5 Seismic tension no edge influence 0.020 (0.5) Low dm 5
Alternating shear, single anchor, with ≥hmin
13|| 9.6 Seismic shear no edge influence 0.020 (0.5) Low dm 5
*Minimum sample size for each anchor diameter, unless otherwise noted.
†Drilling diameters for undercuts are specified in Table 5.6.
‡
Test of undercut anchors use dm.
§Required only for anchors whose cross-sectional area, within five anchor diameters for the shear failure plane, is less than that of a threaded bolt of the same nominal diameter as
the anchor, or for sleeved anchors when shear capacity of the sleeve will be considered.
||These tests are optional.
355.2-8 ACI STANDARD

4.2.1 When internally threaded anchors are supplied Table 5.1—Required diameters of carbide
without fastening items, such as bolts, the manufacturer shall hammer-drill bits, inch-pound
specify the bolts to be used. To achieve concrete breakout Tolerance ranges
Nominal
failure for comparison with Eq. (7-1), it shall be permitted to diameter, in. dmin , in. dm , in. dmax , in.
use bolts of higher strength than those specified, provided 1/4 0.252 to 0.256 0.260 to 0.263 0.266 to 0.268
that those bolts do not change the functioning, setting, or 5/16 0.319 to 0.323 0.327 to 0.331 0.333 to 0.335
follow-up expansion of the anchors. 3/8 0.381 to 0.385 0.390 to 0.393 0.396 to 0.398
4.2.2 Perform separate reference and reliability tests in 7/16 0.448 to 0.452 0.458 to 0.462 0.465 to 0.468
accordance with Tables 4.1 or 4.2 for each anchor material 1/2 0.510 to 0.514 0.520 to 0.524 0.527 to 0.530
and production method. If the results of the reference and 9/16 0.573 to 0.577 0.582 to 0.586 0.589 to 0.592
reliability tests for the anchors of each material and production 5/8 0.639 to 0.643 0.650 to 0.654 0.657 to 0.660
method are statistically equivalent, the service-condition 11/16 0.702 to 0.706 0.713 to 0.717 0.720 to 0.723
tests of Table 4.1 (Tests 7, 8, and 9) and of Table 4.2 3/4 0.764 to 0.768 0.775 to 0.779 0.784 to 0.787
13/16 0.827 to 0.831 0.837 to 0.841 0.846 to 0.849
(Tests 9, 10, and 11) shall be permitted to be performed for
27/32 0.858 to 0.862 0.869 to 0.873 0.878 to 0.881
one anchor material and production method only. Otherwise,
7/8 0.892 to 0.896 0.905 to 0.909 0.914 to 0.917
perform the complete test program for each anchor material
15/16 0.955 to 0.959 0.968 to 0.972 0.977 to 0.980
and production method.
1 1.017 to 1.021 1.030 to 1.034 1.039 to 1.042
4.2.3 The sample sizes given in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 are the
1-1/8 1.145 to 1.149 1.160 to 1.164 1.172 to 1.175
minimum required to satisfy the requirements of this standard. 1-3/16 1.208 to 1.212 1.223 to 1.227 1.235 to 1.238
At the discretion of the independent testing and evaluation 1-1/4 1.270 to 1.274 1.285 to 1.289 1.297 to 1.300
agency or manufacturer, the sample size shall be permitted 1-5/16 1.333 to 1.337 1.352 to 1.356 1.364 to 1.367
to be increased. 1-3/8 1.395 to 1.399 1.410 to 1.414 1.422 to 1.425
1-7/16 1.458 to 1.462 1.472 to 1.476 1.484 to 1.487
4.3—Testing by independent testing and 1-1/2 1.520 to 1.524 1.535 to 1.539 1.547 to 1.550
evaluation agency and by manufacturer 1-9/16 1.570 to 1.574 1.588 to 1.592 1.605 to 1.608
All reference and reliability tests shall be performed by 1-5/8 1.637 to 1.641 1.655 to 1.659 1.673 to 1.675
the independent testing and evaluation agency (Chapter 12). 1-3/4 1.754 to 1.758 1.772 to 1.776 1.789 to 1.792
Not more than 50% of the service-condition tests required by 2 1.990 to 1.994 2.008 to 2.012 2.025 to 2.028
ACI 355.2 shall be performed by the manufacturer. All tests
performed by the manufacturer shall be witnessed by an
silica fume, or limestone powder) or chemical admixtures
independent testing laboratory or engineer meeting the require-
(for example, air-entraining agents, water reducers, high-
ments of Chapter 12. The manufacturer’s tests shall only be
range water reducers, shrinkage-compensating admixtures,
considered in the evaluation if the results are statistically equiv-
corrosion inhibitors, set retarders, and set accelerators).
alent to those of the independent testing and evaluation agency.
5.1.3 Concrete strength—Test anchors in test members
cast of concrete within two nominal compressive strength
4.4—Changes to product
ranges, based on compressive strength specimens prepared and
Before an anchor is changed, the manufacturer shall report
tested in accordance with ASTM C 31/C 31M and ASTM C
the nature and significance of the change to the independent
39/C 39M (refer to Appendix A3.3.1). The compressive
testing and evaluation agency (Chapter 12), which shall
strength of the cylinders shall be within these ranges:
determine which tests, if any, shall be performed. For all
• Low-strength concrete: 2500 to 4000 psi (17 to 28
changes that might affect the anchor performance, the testing
MPa); and
and evaluation agency shall perform the reference tests and
• High-strength concrete: 6500 to 8500 psi (46 to 60 MPa).
the reliability tests. If test results of the modified product are
statistically equivalent to those of the originally tested product, 5.1.4 Test members—Test members shall conform to the
then no additional testing is required. Otherwise, test the requirements of Appendix A3.
changed products in accordance with Table 4.1 or 4.2.
5.2—Anchor installation
5.2.1 General requirements
CHAPTER 5—REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST
SPECIMENS, INSTALLING ANCHORS, AND 5.2.1.1 Install anchors according to the manufacturer’s
CONDUCTING TESTS instructions, except as otherwise prescribed in ACI 355.2.
5.1—Concrete for test members 5.2.1.2 Install anchors in a formed face of the concrete or
Concrete used in testing shall meet the requirements of in concrete with a steel-troweled finish.
5.1.1 through 5.1.4. 5.2.1.3 The components of the anchor, on which the
5.1.1 Aggregates—For normalweight concrete, aggregates performance will depend, shall not be exchanged. Bolts, nuts,
shall conform to ASTM C 33, and the maximum aggregate and washers not supplied with the anchors shall conform to the
size shall be 3/4 or 1 in. (19 or 25 mm). specifications given by the manufacturer, and these specifica-
5.1.2 Cement—Use only portland cement conforming to tions shall be included in the evaluation report.
ASTM C 150. The concrete mixture shall not include any 5.2.2 Drill bit requirements—Drill bit requirements are
other cementitious materials (for example, slag, fly ash, given in Tables 5.1 and 5.2. Drill holes for anchors perpen-
 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS IN CONCRETE 355.2-9

Table 5.2—Required diameters of carbide Table 5.3—Required degree of setting torque for
hammer-drill bits, SI torque-controlled expansion anchors
Tolerance ranges Table 4.1, Table 4.2, Required degree of
Nominal test number test number setting torque
diameter, mm dmin , mm dm , mm dmax , mm
3 5 Partial, 0.5Tinst
6 6.05 to 6.15 6.20 to 6.30 6.35 to 6.40
7 7.05 to 7.20 7.25 to 7.35 7.40 to 7.45 1,2,4,5,6,7,9 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,11,12,13 Full*
8 8.05 to 8.20 8.25 to 8.35 8.40 to 8.45 8 10 Special requirements in 9.3
*
10 10.10 to 10.20 10.25 to 10.35 10.40 to 10.45 According to manufacturer’s installation instructions, then reduced to 50% per 5.2.3.1.1.
11 11.10 to 11.20 11.25 to 11.35 11.45 to 11.50
12 12.10 to 12.20 12.25 to 12.35 12.45 to 12.50
13 13.10 to 13.20 13.25 to 13.35 13.45 to 13.50
Table 5.4—Required degree of expansion of
displacement-controlled expansion anchors
14 14.10 to 14.20 14.25 to 14.35 14.45 to 14.50
15 15.10 to 15.20 15.25 to 15.35 15.45 to 15.50 Table 4.1, Table 4.2,
test number test number Required degree of expansion
16 16.10 to 16.20 16.25 to 16.35 16.45 to 16.50
3 5 Partial
18 18.10 to 18.20 18.25 to 18.35 18.45 to 18.50
4,5,6 6,7,8 Reference
19 19.10 to 19.20 19.30 to 19.40 19.50 to 19.55
1,2,7,9 1,2,3,4,9,11,12,13 Full*
20 20.10 to 20.20 20.30 to 20.40 20.50 to 20.55
8 10 Special requirements in 9.3
22 22.10 to 22.20 22.30 to 22.40 22.50 to 22.55
*
According to manufacturer’s installation instructions.
24 24.10 to 24.20 24.30 to 24.40 24.50 to 24.55
25 25.10 to 25.20 25.30 to 25.40 25.50 to 25.55
28 28.10 to 28.20 28.30 to 28.40 28.50 to 28.55 specified by the manufacturer, the anchor shall be finger-
30 30.10 to 30.20 30.30 to 30.40 30.50 to 30.55 tight before testing.
32 32.15 to 32.25 32.35 to 32.50 32.60 to 32.70 5.2.3.1.1 Apply the specified torque Tinst using a cali-
34 34.15 to 34.25 34.35 to 34.50 34.60 to 34.70 brated torque wrench having a measuring error within ±5%
35 35.15 to 35.25 35.35 to 35.50 35.60 to 35.70 of the specified torque. Remove the torque wrench and wait
37 37.15 to 37.25 37.35 to 37.50 37.60 to 37.70 10 minutes. Completely loosen the anchor. Apply a torque of
40 40.15 to 40.25 40.40 to 40.60 40.70 to 40.80 0.5Tinst using the calibrated torque wrench.
44 44.15 to 44.25 44.40 to 44.60 44.70 to 44.80 5.2.3.2 Setting of torque-controlled expansion anchors—
48 48.15 to 48.25 48.40 to 48.60 48.70 to 48.80 Install torque-controlled expansion anchors in accordance
52 52.15 to 52.25 52.40 to 52.60 52.80 to 52.95 with Table 5.3 and requirements of Section 5.2.3.1.
5.2.3.2.1 For the reliability tests performed with
dicular (within a tolerance of ±6 degrees) to the surface of reduced installation effort (Table 4.1, Test 3 and Table 4.2,
the concrete member. Except for self-drilling anchors and as Test 5), install and set the anchor with a setting torque of
specified in 5.2.2.3 and 5.2.2.5, holes shall be made using 0.5Tinst. Do not reduce the torque from this amount.
carbide-tipped, hammer-drill bits meeting the requirements 5.2.3.2.2 For the seismic tests (Table 4.2, Tests 12 and
of ANSI B212.15. 13), follow the torque application procedures in 5.2.3.1.1
5.2.2.1 The cutting diameter of drill bits shall conform to before the crack is widened.
the tolerances given in Table 5.1 or 5.2, and shall be checked 5.2.3.3 Setting of displacement-controlled expansion
after every 10 holes are drilled to ensure continued compliance. anchors—Install displacement-controlled expansion anchors
5.2.2.2 When performing tests with bits of diameter with the degree of expansion specified in Table 5.4. The
dmax , dm , or dmin , it shall be permitted to use test bits ground specified degrees of expansion are obtained using setting
to the desired diameter. tools based on the number of drops specified in Table 5.5 for
5.2.2.3 Drill bits with diameter dmin correspond to partial and reference expansion, developed in 5.2.3.3.1 and
well-worn bits. These diameters are less than the minimum 5.2.3.3.2. Refer to Fig. 5.1 for the test fixture used to establish
diameters specified for new bits in ANSI B212.15. the partial and reference setting expansions. These tests shall
5.2.2.4 All service-condition tests (Tables 4.1 and 4.2) be performed in high-strength concrete and with a drill bit of
use a bit of diameter dm. diameter dm.
5.2.2.5 For drill bits not included in the range of diameters 5.2.3.3.1 Partial expansion—Set a minimum of five
given in Tables 5.1 or 5.2, and for drill bits not covered by anchors using the weight and number of drops from Table 5.5
ANSI B212.15, the independent testing and evaluation agency for partial expansion. For each anchor, measure the depth of
shall develop diameters for the bits that conform to the the plug from the upper end of the anchor. Calculate the
concept of dmax, dm, and dmin, as represented in those tables. average depth of the plug for the set anchors. Modify
5.2.3 Setting requirements for testing (shorten) the manufacturer’s setting tool to provide the
5.2.3.1 General torque requirements—When the appli- calculated setting depth. Use this setting tool for Test 3 in
cation of torque for an anchor is specified by the manufacturer, Table 4.1 or Test 5 in Table 4.2.
torque each anchor as required in 5.2.3.1.1 and 5.2.3.2, 5.2.3.3.2 Reference expansion—Prepare a setting tool
except for reliability tests in Section 8.2 where reduced for Tests 4, 5, and 6 of Table 4.1 or Tests 6, 7, and 8 of Table
installation effort is required. If no torque for the anchor is 4.2 using the same method described in 5.2.3.3.1, but using
355.2-10 ACI STANDARD

Table 5.5—Parameters for establishing partial

and reference expansion of displacement-
controlled anchors
1/4 in. 5/16 in. 3/8 in. 1/2 in. 5/8 in. 3/4 in.
Anchor size (M6) (M8) (M10) (M12) (M16) (M20)
Weight, lb (kg) 10 (4.5) 10 (4.5) 10 (4.5) 10 (4.5) 33 (15) 33 (15)
Height of fall, 18 (450) 18 (450) 18 (450) 18 (450) 24 (600) 24 (600)
in. (mm)
Number of drops
for evaluation of 2 3 4 5 3 4
partial expansion
Number of drops
for evaluation of
reference 3 5 6 7 4 5
expansion

5.4—Tests in cracked concrete

Use the procedure specified in 5.4.1 through 5.4.4 for
testing anchors in cracked concrete.
5.4.1 Perform tests in concrete specimens meeting the
requirements of Appendix A3, with the crack width w as
specified for the given test. Initiate the crack and install the
anchor according to Section 5.2 so that the axis of the anchor
lies approximately in the plane of the crack. Install the instru-
mentation for measuring crack widths, and widen the crack
by the specified crack width while the anchor is not loaded.
Fig. 5.1—Installation tool for setting tests of displacement-
Measure the crack opening using two dial gauges or electronic
controlled expansion anchors.
transducers, one on either side of the anchor, oriented
perpendicular to the crack.
5.4.2 Subject the anchor to the specified loading sequence
while monitoring the crack width at the surface. Refer to
Appendix A3.
5.4.3 During the test, maintain a continuous record of the
load applied to the anchor, the displacement of the anchor,
and the crack width.
5.4.4 Tolerance on crack width—The average of the crack
widths for each test series, measured by the two crack
measurement devices for each anchor, before the load appli-
cation shall be equal to or greater than the specified crack
width for that test series. Individual crack widths shall be
within ±15% of the specified crack width for the test series.

Fig. 5.2—Requirement for load-displacement curves. 5.5—General requirements for anchor behavior
5.5.1 Overall load-displacement behavior
5.5.1.1 To be acceptable, the tensile load-displacement
the number of drops for evaluation of reference expansion behavior of single anchors shall be predictable, except as
from Table 5.5. noted in 5.5.1.2. Figure 5.2 provides examples of acceptable
5.2.3.4 Setting of undercut anchors—Install undercut and unacceptable load-displacement curves for the types of
anchors as specified in Table 5.6. Table 5.6 provides for anchors covered by ACI 355.2. For each anchor tested, a
combinations of parameters for various undercut anchor load plateau with a corresponding slip greater than 5% of the
types. In other tests prescribed in Tables 4.1 and 4.2, drill a displacement at ultimate load, or a temporary drop in load, is
cylindrical hole with a diameter as given in Tables 4.1 or 4.2 not acceptable at load levels less than N1. For tests in
and produce the undercut as per manufacturer’s instructions. uncracked concrete, N1 is taken as the smaller of 0.8Nu and
In tests of Table 4.1, Test 3, and Table 4.2, Test 5, set Ase fy. For tests in cracked concrete, N1 is taken as the smaller
undercut anchors using a combination of the specified of 0.7Nu and Ase fy. These requirements shall be fulfilled in the
setting tolerances that produces the minimum bearing reference tests (Tests 1 and 2 of Table 4.1 and Tests 1 through
surface in the concrete. 4 of Table 4.2), reliability tests (Tests 3, 4, 5, and the initial
loading and residual capacity of Test 6 of Table 4.1 and Tests 5,
5.3—Test methods 6, 7, and the residual capacity of Test 8 of Table 4.2), and
Test anchors in conformance with ASTM E 488 and the service-condition tests (Tests 7 and 8 of Table 4.1 and Tests 9
appropriate Chapter 7, 8, or 9 of ACI 355.2. and 10 and the residual capacity of Test 12 of Table 4.2).
 QUALIFICATION OF POST-INSTALLED MECHANICAL ANCHORS IN CONCRETE 355.2-11

Table 5.6—Installation requirements for undercut anchors in reliability tests

Type of undercut anchor (Fig. 2.3)
Load-controlled Displacement-controlled Torque-controlled
Type 1 undercut, Types 2 and 3 undercut, Type 4 undercut, Type 5 undercut, Type 6 undercut,
Installation requirements predrilled predrilled self-drilled predrilled self-drilled
Bit diameter for cutting cylindrical hole Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
Undercutting tool diameter Minimum specification Minimum specification — Minimum specification —
Tolerances on length of undercutting Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
tool (where applicable) tolerance length tolerance length tolerance length tolerance length

Length of sleeve — Minimum — — —

tolerance length
Maximum Maximum
Length of cylindrical hole — tolerance length tolerance length — —

Sleeve flush with Sleeve flush with 50% of specified torque 50% of specified torque
Setting of anchor 75% of specified load
concrete surface* concrete surface or flush to surface
*
If the anchor system is designed to provide consistent and visual verification of full set by marks on the bolt or sleeve, alternative methods of achieving reduced setting shall be permitted
after establishment by the independent test and evaluation agency in collaboration with the anchor manufacturer.

Fig. 5.3—Failure modes for anchors under tensile loading.

Fig. 5.4—Failure modes for anchors under shear loading.

5.5.1.2 Within a test series, if not more than one test
shows a load-displacement curve not complying with
5.5.1.1, the anchor shall be considered acceptable provided service-load range, and report these values in Table 11.1 or
that two conditions are met: Table 11.2, as applicable
1. There is no drop in load; and
2. The deviation is justified as being uncharacteristic of the N 30% – N 10%
β = -----------------------------
- (5-1)
anchor behavior and is due, for example, to a defect in the Δ 30% – Δ 10%
test procedure or the base material. Such defects shall be
described in detail in the evaluation report, and the results of 5.5.3 Modes of failure—The failure modes for tension
an additional 10 tension tests shall display load-displacement loading are concrete cone failure, steel fracture, pullout or
curves meeting the requirements of 5.5.1.1. pull-through, test member splitting, and side-face blowout.
5.5.2 Load-displacement behavior at service loads—For The failure modes for shear loading are steel failure and
each reference test series (combination of anchor diameter concrete breakout for anchors located near an edge. Examples
and embedment depths), determine the mean anchor stiffness of these failure modes are given in Fig. 5.3 and 5.4. Report the
value β from Eq. (5-1) and coefficient of variation ν in the failure mode for each individual anchor tested and the strength
355.2-12 ACI STANDARD

Table 5.7—Required embedment depths 6.3—Verification of conformance to drawings and

for test program specifications
Embedment Test number for embedment depths
6.3.1 The following characteristics shall be checked by the
depth to be tested independent testing and evaluation agency for conformance
for given diameter Shallow Deep All* to the drawings and specifications:
Table 4.1 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 3,4,5,6,7 1,2 • Critical dimensions;
Table 4.2 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 5,6,7,8,9,12,13 1,2,3,4 • Surface finishes;
*Shallow and deep, and any other embedment depth that is tested.
• Coatings;
• Fabrication techniques; and
• Markings.
(k values for concrete, fu,test for steel failure, and Np for pullout 6.3.2 Constituent materials—Critical constituent materials
and pull-through failure) for each test series. shall be checked by the independent testing and evaluation
If during a test series different failure modes occur, and agency for conformance to mechanical and chemical speci-
one failure mode predominates and other failure modes fications using certified mill test reports for steels and using
occur, and are of similar capacities, note the failure modes similar certified documents for other materials.
and failure loads of the tests in the test report. Report the 6.3.3 Quality control—Anchors shall be manufactured
average failure load, taking into account all results as the under a certified quality system meeting the requirements of
failure load associated with the predominate failure mode. the ISO 9000 quality management system or equivalent.
If no failure mode predominates in a test, test additional Manufacturers shall undergo a conformity assessment by an
anchors to obtain at least five samples for each failure mode accredited quality-system registrar and shall maintain a
and conduct a significant difference test to see if the capacities certification or registration in conformance to that standard.
for the different failure modes are statistically different.
5.5.3.1 If an anchor of a particular diameter has only one
embedment depth, then tests are performed to establish the
appropriate data. If steel failure is the only failure mode,
report fu,test for steel failure, and report the minimum permis-
sible k value for concrete from Table 7.1. Alternatively, to
determine k for concrete failure, it shall be permitted to use
a shallower embedment depth or a higher-strength steel bolt,
as long as it does not affect the functioning of the anchor.
5.5.3.2 If there is more than one embedment depth
specified for an anchor diameter, perform tests according to
Table 5.7. Report the respective failure modes and the lowest
k value for concrete failure, fu,test for steel failure, and Np for
pullout and pull-through failure. Where different failure
modes occur in a test series involving a single diameter and
different embedment depths, report each observed failure
mode and its corresponding characteristic strength.
5.5.3.3 For pullout or pull-through failure, calculate Np
(5% fractile) based on the test sample size. Report k as the
minimum permissible value from Table 7.1.

CHAPTER 6—REQUIREMENTS FOR

ANCHOR IDENTIFICATION
6.1—Determination of critical characteristics
of anchors
The anchor manufacturer, in consultation with the indepen-
dent testing and evaluation agency, shall determine the
characteristics affecting the identification and performance
of the anchor being evaluated. These characteristics can
include, but are not limited to, dimensions, constituent
materials, surface finishes, coatings, fabrication techniques,
and the marking of the anchors and components.

6.2—Specification of critical characteristics

of anchors
The manufacturer shall include in the drawings and specifica-
tions for the anchor those characteristics determined to be critical.