St.

Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9

Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester I
Effective from June 2019

CORE Paper: Descriptive Statistics and Probability Theory

Course Code: ST1501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO 1: Identify the sources of data emission, record the data meaningfully, perform Exploratory
Data Analysis and draw useful conclusions.

CO 2: Compute suitable measures of averages, dispersion and higher order moments from
sample/population data.

CO 3: Demonstrate the skill of identifying/designing the random experiments and their sample
spaces. Apply ideas of probability theory, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem in real life
situations.

CO 4: Apply the idea of random variables and their expected values to study the behaviour of
random phenomenon occurring in business, industry and daily life activities.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Data Types and Classification, Representation of Data
Unit 02: Measures of Dispersion and Moments
Unit 03: Probability Theory
Unit 04: Random Variable, Mathematical Expectation

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of descriptive
statistics and probability, random variable, expectation, raw and central moments. By the end of
this course, students are expected to be able to find various measures of central tendency and
dispersion and to distinguish between random and non-random experiments, to find the
probabilities of events.

II. Course Content:

Unit 1: Data Types and Classification, Representation of Data (15L)

• Types of data: Primary, Secondary, Internal and External data and their sources.
Designing a questionnaire schedule.
• Classification of data: Qualitative, Quantitative: Discrete, Continuous; Chronological

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 (Time series) data.
• Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio data.
• Frequency: grouped and ungrouped data; Construction of frequency and cumulative
frequency distribution.
• Presentation of qualitative data: Tabulation (up to four attributes).
• Graphical representation of grouped data: Histogram, frequency curve, frequency
polygon, ogives (cumulative frequency curves).
• Diagrammatic representation of data: Bar diagrams- simple Bar, multiple bar,
sub-divided bar and percentage bar diagrams.
• Two dimensional diagrams: Rectangles and Pie diagrams.
• Concept of central tendency, various measures of central tendency and their inter
relationship. Their merits and demerits. Empirical relation between mean, median
and mode.
• Properties and applications of measures of central tendency, Partition values.

Unit 2: Measures of Dispersion and Moments (15L)

• Concept of variation/dispersion, Absolute and relative measures of dispersion with
their merits, demerits and applications.
• Moments: raw moments, central moments, factorial moments and their interrelationship.
• Skewness, Kurtosis and their measures.
• Stem - Leaf plot and box plot.

Unit 3: Probability Theory (15L)

• Random experiments, trials, discrete and continuous sample space
• Events and their types.
• Axiomatic approach to probability and its properties.
• Theorems on probability.
• Definitions of equally likely cases, exhaustive cases, favorable cases.
• Classical and Empirical approach to probability.
• Conditional probability and its properties, Independence of two events, Pair wise and
mutual independence for three events.
• Theorem on total probability.
• Bayes’ theorem and its applications.

Unit 4: Random Variable, Mathematical Expectation (15L)

• Random variable and its types (Discrete and Continuous).
• Probability mass function, probability density function and distribution function.
• Properties of distribution function and theorems.
• Mathematical Expectation and its basic properties.
• Theorems on Mathematical Expectation.
• Raw and Central Moments and their recurrence relation.

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III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. W. Feller: “Introduction to the Theory of Probability and its Application”, (Wiley),
Vol. 1, 2.
2. K.L. Chung: “Elementary Probability Theory”.
3. S.M. Ross: “A First Course in Probability”.
4. R. Ash: “Basic Probability Theory”.
5. P.G. Hoel, S.C. Port and C. J. Stone: “Introduction to Probability Theory”.
6. J. Pitman: “Probability”. Narosa Publishing House.
7. Parzen, E. (1960): “Modern Probability Theory and its Applications”, Wiley Eastern.
8. Katheleen Subramaniam: “A Primier in Probability”, (Marcel – Dekken – 1970)
9. Agarwal, B. S. (1996): “Basic Statistics”, Newage International Publishers.
10. Goon, A.M. Gupta; M.K. and Das Gupta. B.: “Fundamentals of Statistics”, Vol. – 1
(1991) &Vol. 2 (2001), World Press – Calcutta.
11. Croxton, F.E. Cowden, D.J. & Klein, S.: “Applied General Statistics”, Prentice Hall of
India.
12. Agresthi A.: “An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis”, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
N.Y.
13. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. – (1967): “Statistical Methods”, Iowa State
University Press.
14. Spiegrl, M.R. (1967): “Theory and Problems of Statistics”, Schaum’s Publishing Series.
15. Bhat, B.R. Srivenkatramana and Rao Madhava K.S.: “Statistics: A beginner’s Text”,
Vol. I, New Age International (P) Ltd.
16. Mood, A.M., Gray bill, I.A. & Boes, D.C.: “Introduction to the theory of Statistics”,
3rd Edition. – Tata McGraw Hill.
17. Kenny, J.F. and Keeping, E.S.: “Mathematical and Statistics”, Vol. 2.
18. Medhi, J.: “Statistical Methods – An Introductory Text”, (Wiley Eastern).
19. “Statistical analysis: Graphs and diagrams, S. M. Nair and M. Garg, Spectrum books
(P) Ltd, New Delhi.
20. “Introduction to the Practice of Statistics”, Moore, S. David; McCabe, P. George
W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
21. “Basic Statistics”, Agarwal, B. L., New Age International (P) Ltd.
22. “Introduction to the theory of Statistics”, Mood, A. M., Greybill, F.A., Boes, D.C.,
McGraw Hill.
23. “Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics”, S. C. Gupta and V. K. Kapoor, Sultan
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.

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Elective Paper: Economic Statistics-I
Course Code: EG1304
No. of Credits: 02
Learning Hours: 30 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Identify the need of design and apply demand and supply functions. Find market equilibrium
price and demand

CO-2 Estimate the price elasticity of demand & supply using demand function and curve

CO-3 Demonstrate the need of monopoly conditions and maximize profit under monopoly.

CO-4 Apply the concept of utility, marginal utility to real-life situations.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Demand & Supply
Unit 02: Price Elasticity
Unit 03: Monopoly
Unit 04: Utility

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of demand and
supply, price elasticity, monopoly and utility function.

II. Course Content:

Unit 1: Demand & Supply (07L)

• Ideas of demand and supply laws
• Demand and supply functions(Curves)
• Market Equilibrium
• Revenue.

Unit 2: Price Elasticity

(08L)
• Concept of price elasticity of demand and supply
• Interpretations of their values
• Simple Examples

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Unit 3: Monopoly (07L)
• Idea of Monopoly
• Maximization of profit under monopoly Simple Examples.

Unit 4: Utility (08L)

• Concept of total utility and marginal utility
• Maximization of utility
• Examples

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. : Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications
2. R. G. D. Allen : Mathematical Analysis for Economists , Mc Milan and co. limited
3. R. G. D. Allen : Statistics for Economists , Mc Milan and co. limited

Reference Website:
1) www.sxca.edu.in
2) www.statsci.org/datasets.html (Data sets)
3) www.math.uah.edu/stat (Virtual laboratories in Statistics)
4) www.stat.ucla.edu/cases (Case studies in Statistics)
5) www.bmj.bmjournals.com (Excel data and Statistical Analysis)
6) www.psychstat.missouristate.edu (Introductory Statistics & Multivariate Statistics:
Concepts,
Models and Applications)
7) www.statpages.org (Web Pages that perform Statistical calculations)
8) www.amstat.org/publications/jse/jse-data-archive.html (Research Journals, magazines)
9) www.amstat.org/publications/chance (Chance magazine)
10) www.amstat.org/publications/stats (STATS: the magazine for students of Statistics)
11) www.freestatistics.org (for online software and search)

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Paper: Statistics Practical
Course Code: ST 1502L
No. of Credits: 02

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Demonstrate the skill of preparing classification and tabulation of data.

CO-2 Reflect the skill of presenting data by diagrams, graphs and charts using MS-Excel and
manually both.

CO-3 Compute the measures of averages, dispersion and higher order moments from
sample/population data, using MS-Excel and manually both.

CO-4 Perform a small case study on applications of probability theory. e.g. Probability in Genetics.

I. Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of data, graphs,
central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis. By the end of this course students are expected
to be able to distinguish between central tendency and dispersion, to find the skewness, to find
kurtosis of the given data.

II. Course Content:

Part A: Manual Calculation

(Duration: 2 Hours per week)
Practical are to be based on following topics:
• Presentation of Data.
• Diagrams and Graphs.
• Measures of Central tendency.
• Measures of Dispersion.
• Measure of Skewness and kurtosis
• A small case study of probability theory.

Part B: Using Microsoft Excel

(Duration: 2 Hours per week)
• Diagrams and Graphs.
• Measures of Central tendency for ungrouped data.
• Measure of Dispersion for ungrouped data.
• Measure of Skewness and kurtosis.

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III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, computers.

References:
24. W. Feller : Introduction to the Theory of Probability and its Application (Wiley), Vols.
1,2.
25. K.L. Chung : Elementary Probability Theory.
26. S.M. Ross : A First Course in Probability.
27. R. Ash : Basic Probability Theory.
28. P.G. Hoel, S.C. Port and C. J. Stone : Introduction to Probability Theory.
29. J. Pitman : Probability. Narosa Publishing House.
30. Parzen , E. (1960) : Modern Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley Eastern.
31. Hogg, R.V.& Craig, A.T. : Introduction to mathematical Statistics,3rdedition – (collier –
Mac Millan
32. KatheleenSubramaniam: A Primier in Probability ( Marcel – Dekken – 1970)
33. Agarwal, B. S. (1996) : Basic Statistics ( 3rd Ed.) Newage International Publishers.
34. Goon, A.M. Gupta; M.K. and DasGupt. B. : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. – 1 (1991)
&Vol. 2 (2001), World Press – Calcutta.
35. Croxton, F.E. Cowden, D.J. & Klein, S.: Applied General Statistics (1973), Prentice Hall
of India.
36. Agresthi A. : An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis (1996), John Wiley and Sons
Inc., N.Y.
37. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. – (1967): Statistical Methods, Iowa State University
Press.
38. Spiegrl, M.R. (1967) : Theory and Problems of Statistics – Schaum’s Publishing Series.
39. Bhat, B.R. Srivenkatramana and Rao Madhava K.S. – Statistics : A beginner’s Text Vol.
I, New Age Internation (P) Ltd.
40. Mood, A.M., Gray bill, I.A. &Boes, D.C.Introduction to the theory of Statistics. 3rd
Edition. – Tata McGraw Hill.
41. Kenny, J.F. and Keeping, E.S.Mathematical and Statistics – Vol. – II
42. Medhi, J. : Statistical Methods – An Introductory Text, (Wiley Eastern)

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 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9
Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester II
Effective from December 2019

CORE Paper: Mathematical Statistics-1

Course Code: ST2501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO 1 Demonstrate the skill of finding generating functions such as probability generating function,
moment generating function, cumulant generating function and factorial moment generating
functions of different probability distributions.

CO2 Use the knowledge of preparing bivariate distributions of random variables in real life
applications. Apply the concept of Jacobian of transformation of one dimensional and two-
dimensional random variables

CO 3 Demonstrate the skill of using curve fitting, correlation, regression, least square method and
association of attributes in real life situations.

CO 4 Apply the idea of multiple and partial correlation in business, industry and daily life
activities.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Generating Functions
Unit 02: Joint distributions, Bivariate Distributions
Unit 03: Bivariate Data Analysis (Curve fitting, correlation, Regression, Least square method,
Association of Attributes)
Unit 04: Multiple and Partial Correlation

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of generating
functions and bivariate distributions. Also, students will be introduced concept of correlation and
regression for bivariate and tri-variate distribution and method of least square. By the end of this
course students are expected to be able to find PGF, MGF and moments of a given probability
distribution, find association, correlation and regression between the random variables. Students
are also expected to interpret coefficient of correlation and fitting of regression line.

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II. Course Content:

Unit: 1 Generating Functions (15L)

• Probability Generating Function (p.g.f.).
• Moment generating function (m.g.f.) about origin and mean.
• Cumulant Generating Function (c.g.f.).
• Factorial moment generating function.
• Properties of above topics.

Unit: 2 Joint distributions, Bivariate Distributions (15L)

• Bivariate Random Variables.
• Joint, marginal and conditional p.m.f. of two random variables.
• Joint, marginal and conditional p.d.f. of two random variables.
• Independence of two random variables.
• Conditional mean and conditional variance.

Unit: 3 Bivariate Data Analysis (Curve fitting, correlation, Regression, Least square method,
Association of Attributes) (15L)
• Concept of Bivariate data, Plotting of Bivariate data,
• Principle of Least Squares, fitting of Linear, Parabolic Exponential curves
(reducible to linear).
• Most plausible solutions.
• Correlation Coefficient, Scatter diagram.
• Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Independence of variables.
• Limits for correlation coefficient.
• Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient
• Coefficient of Determination and Probable Error.
• Concept of Regression for two variables.
• Lines of regression, properties of regression coefficient, regression curve.
• Angles between two regression lines.
• Association of attributes.
• Methods of measuring association of attributes.

Unit: 4 Multiple and Partial Correlation (15L)

• Regression and correlation in three variables.
• Yule’s notations, plane of regression.
• Properties of Residuals.
• Multiple and Partial Correlation coefficient and their interrelationships.

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

9
References:
1. Mood, Graybill and Boes: “Introduction to theory of Statistics”.
2. Hogg and Craig: “Introduction to mathematical Statistics”.
3. Gupta and Kapoor: “Fundamentals of mathematical statistics”.
4. Feller, W.C. (1968): “An Introduction to probability theory and its applications”, John
Wiley.
5. Bhatt, B.R. (1999): “Modern probability theory”, New Age International.

Paper: Statistics Practical

Course Code: ST 2502L
No. of Credits: 02

Course Outcomes:

CO-1 Demonstrate the skill of finding mean, variance and higher order moments using different
generating functions.

CO-2 Reflect the ability of preparing/finding bivariate distributions, their marginal and conditional
distributions.

CO-3 Apply the concept of least squares to fit different curves to sample/population data, calculate
the correlation coefficient, find the regression equations using MS-Excell and manually both.

CO-4 Demonstrate the skill of finding multiple and partial correlation coefficients from the sample
data. Forecast the values of characteristic using the plane of regression found from available data.

I. Course Objectives:

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of generating
functions, bivariate probability distribution, correlation and regression. By the end of this course
students are expected to be able to distinguish between generating functions, probability
distribution, to find correlation of the given data, to find regression of the given data.

II. Course Content:

Part A: Manual Calculation

(Duration: 2 Hours per week)

Practicals are to be based on following topics:

Pr.1 Application problems on generating functions
Pr.2 Problems on bivariate probability distribution.
Pr.3 Karl-Pearson’s Product moment correlation coefficient
Pr.4 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

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 Pr.5 Fitting of line of regression
Pr.6 Plane of regression
Pr.7 Multiple and Partial correlation coefficient

Part B: Using Microsoft Excel

(Duration: 2 Hours per week)
Pr.1 Karl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient.
Pr. 2 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Pr.3 Regression in two variables.
Pr. 4 Regression in three variables.
Pr. 5 Multiple correlation coefficient.
Pr. 6 Partial correlation coefficient.
Pr.7 Problems on bivariate probability distribution.

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, computers.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V.& Craig, A.T. : Introduction to mathematical Statistics,
3rd edition – (collier – Mac Millan)
2. KatheleenSubramaniam: A Primier in Probability ( Marcel – Dekken – 1970)
3. Agarwal, B. S. (1996) : Basic Statistics ( 3rd Ed.) Newage International Publishers.
4. Goon, A.M. Gupta; M.K. and DasGupta. B. : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. – 1 (1991)
&Vol. 2 (2001), World Press – Calcutta.
5. Croxton, F.E. Cowden, D.J. & Klein, S.: Applied General Statistics (1973),
Prentice Hall of India.
6. Agresthi A. : An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis (1996),
John Wiley and Sons Inc., N.Y.
7. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. – (1967) : Statistical Methods,
Iowa State University Press.
8. Spiegrl, M.R. (1967) : Theory and Problems of Statistics – Schaum’s Publishing Series.
9. Bhat, B.R. Srivenkatramana and Rao Madhava K.S. – Statistics : A beginner’s Text Vol.
I,New Age Internation (P) Ltd.
10. Mood, A.M., Gray bill, I.A. &Boes, D.C.
11. Introduction to the theory of Statistics. 3rd Edition. – Tata McGraw Hill.
12. Kenny, J.F. and Keeping, E.S.Mathematical and Statistics – Vol. – II
13. Medhi, J. : Statistical Methods – An Introductory Text, (Wiley Eastern)

11
 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9
Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester III
Effective from June 2020

CORE Paper: Probability Distribution Theory-1

Course Code: ST3501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs(70 marks)

Objectives:
To discuss various univariate distributions. To expose the applicability of various distributions in
different disciplines.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course students are expected to be able to obtain a probability distribution of
random variable (univariate case) in the given situation and to apply standard discrete and
continuous probability distributions to different situations.

Unit 1: Bernoulli Distribution, Binomial Distribution and Multinomial Distribution

(15L)
• Definition of Bernoulli Distribution
• Moments of Bernoulli Distribution
• Applications of Bernoulli Distribution
• Derivation and definition of Binomial Distribution
• First four moments of Binomial Distribution
• Generating Functions of Binomial Distribution
• Properties of Binomial Distribution
• Applications of Binomial Distribution
• Definition of Multinomial Distribution
• Moments and properties of Multinomial Distribution (without proof)
• Applications of Multinomial Distribution

Unit 2: Poisson, Hyper Geometric Distribution

(15L)
• Derivation and definition of Poisson Distribution
• First four moments of Poisson Distribution
• Generating Functions of Poisson Distribution
• Properties of Poisson Distribution

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 • Applications of Poisson Distribution
• Definition of Hyper-geometric Distribution
• Mean and variance of Hyper-geometric Distribution
• Generating Functions of Hyper-geometric Distribution
• Properties of Hyper-geometric Distribution
• Applications of Hyper-geometric Distribution

Unit 3: Normal Distribution and Log Normal Distribution

(15L)
• Derivation and definition of Normal Distribution
• First four moments of Normal Distribution
• Generating Functions of Normal Distribution
• Properties of Normal Distribution
• Applications of Normal Distribution
• Definition of Log Normal Distribution
• Properties of Log Normal Distribution
• Applications of Log Normal Distribution

Unit 4: Gamma Distribution and Exponential Distribution

(15L)
• Definition of Gamma Distribution
• First four moments of Gamma Distribution
• Properties of Gamma Distribution
• Applications of Gamma Distribution
• Definition of Exponential Distribution
• First four moments of Exponential Distribution
• Properties of Exponential Distribution
• Applications of Exponential Distribution

References :
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A.M., Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1996): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Rohtagi, V.K. (1967): An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics,
John Wiley and Sons.
5. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
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 6. Meyer, P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability ands statistical Applications, Addison
Wesley.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
8. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
9. A First Course in Probability - Sheldon. M. Ross, (Mc Millian publishing Co.).
10. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists- S.M. Ross (Elsever).
11. A First course in Probability - T.Chandra &D. Chatterjee (Narosa Pub. House)
12. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.
13. K.C. Bhuyan, Probability distribution theory and statistical inference.

CORE Paper: Applied Statistics-I

Course Code: ST 3502
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs

Objectives: This course is designed to teach time-series analysis, demographic methods, and
mortality and fertility rates. Construction and importance of Life table are discussed. Concept of
index numbers and their construction and methods are explained.

Learning Outcomes:
After completion of this course students are able to acquire the knowledge to analyse a univariate
time series and also to forecast the future values of a given univariate time series. Understand
demographic profiles. Understand mortality and fertility rates and measurements. Understand
importance of index numbers and their usage.

Unit-1: Time series (15L)

• Idea of Time-series data
• Components of Time-series
• Analysis of Time series data
• Method of moving average for determining trend component
• Method of least squares ( up to second degree)
• Calculation of seasonal variations
• Ratio to trend and ratio to moving average to find seasonal indices

Unit-2: Index number-1 (15L)

• Introduction to Index number
• Importance and characteristics of Index numbers
• Construction of Whole sale price index numbers
• Construction of Price and Quantity index numbers

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 • Fixed base and chain base methods
• Calculation of Index numbers

Unit-3: Index number-2 (15L)

• Tests of consistency of Index numbers
• Construction of Cost of living Index number
• Family Budget method
• Importance of Cost of living index number
• Limitations of Index numbers

Unit-4: Vital Statistics (15L)

• Sources of vital statistics in India

• Functions of vital Statistics, rates and ratios.
• Measurements of Mortality- Crude Death Rate (C.D.R), Specific Death Rate (S.D.R),
Standardized Death Rate, Infant Mortality Rate(I.M.R)
• Assumptions, description and construction of life table.
• Importance of Life table
• Fertility :Crude Birth Rate (C.B.R),General Fertility Rate(G.F.R),Specific Fertility
Rate(S.F.R),Total Fertility Rate(T.F.R)
• Measurement of population growth: Gross Reproduction Rate (G.R.R),Net Reproduction
Rate(N.R.R)

References
1. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publication.
2. Pathak, K.B. and Ram, F.: Techniques of demographic analysis- Himalaya Publishing
house (1992).
3. Srivastva, O.S.: A text book of demography(1982).
4. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. II,
World Press, Calcutta.
5. MukhoPadhyay, P. :Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency( 1999)
6. Montgomery, D.C. (2001): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Wiley.
7. Grant, E.L. (2000): Statistical Quality Control, 7th Ed., Tata Mc Graw Hill Ott, E.R. (1975)
: Process Quality Control, McGraw Hill.
8. Wetherill, G.B. (1977): Sampling Inspection and Quality Control, Halsted Press.
9. Wetherill, G.B. and Brown, D.W. : Statistical Process Control, Theory and Practice,
Chapman and Hall.

15
Elective Paper: Business Statistics
Course Code: EG3304
No. of Credits: 02
Learning Hours: 30 hrs (70 marks)

Unit – 1: Sequencing Problems (10L)

• Introduction to Sequencing problems
• Notations, Terminology and Assumptions
• Processing n jobs through two machines
• Processing n jobs through three machines
Unit – 2: Replacement Problems (10L)
• Introduction to Replacement theory
• Types of Failure
• Replacement of Items whose Maintenance and Repair Costs Increase with Time, Ignoring
Changes in the value of Money during the Period.
Unit – 3: Decision Theory (10L)
• Introduction
• Steps of decision making process
• Types of decision making environment
• Decision-Making under Certainty
• Decision-Making under Uncertainty
➢ Optimism (Maximax or Minimin) Criterion
➢ Pessimism (Maximin or Minimax) Criterion
➢ Equal Probabilities (Laplace) Criterion
➢ Coefficient of Optimization (Hurwitz) Criterion
➢ Regret (Salvage) Criterion
• Decision-Making under Risk
➢ Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
➢ Expected Opportunity Loss (EOL)
➢ Expected Profit of Perfect Information (EPPI)
➢ Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI)
References:
1. J. K. Sharma (2007): Operations Research: Theory and Applications, MacMillan
India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Hillier, F.S. and Liebermann G.J. (1970): Introduction to Operations Research, Tata
McGraw.Hill.
3. Kanti Swarup, Gupta, P.K. and Singh, M. M. (1985): Operations Research, Sultan Chand and
Sons.

16
4. Taha, H.A. (1976): Operational Research: An Introduction, 2nd Ed.
5. Philips, D.T., Ravindran, A. And Solberg, J. (1976): Operations Research, Principles and
Practice.
6. Gupta, S. P. and Gupta, M. P. (2005): Business Statistics, Sultan Chand & Sons.
7. Gupta, P. K. and Mohan, M. (2004): Problems in Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons.

ST: 3503 L
Credit: 3
Part A: Manual Calculation
(Duration: 3 Hours per week)
Practical are to be based on following topics:

• Fitting and drawing random sample of Binomial distribution.

• Fitting and drawing random sample of Poisson distribution.
• Fitting and drawing random sample of Normal distribution.
• Drawing of random sample from Gamma and Exponential distribution
• Tests of consistency of an index numbers
• Construction of index numbers using various methods
• Cost of living index numbers
• Measurements of mortality Rates
• Measurements of Fertility Rates
• Life table

Part B: Using Microsoft Excel

(Duration: 3 Hours per week)

• Fitting of Binomial distribution.

• Drawing of random sample from Binomial distribution.
• Fitting of Poisson distribution.
• Drawing of random sample from Poisson distribution
• Fitting of Normal distribution.
• Drawing of random sample from Normal distribution.
• Method of moving averages to determine trend component
• Method of least square to determine and estimate trend
• Ratio to trend and ratio to moving average to find seasonal indices

17
 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9
Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester IV
Effective from December 2020

CORE Paper: Probability Distribution Theory -2

Course Code: ST4501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs(70 marks)

Objectives:
To discuss various continuous distributions. To expose the applicability of various distributions in
different disciplines.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course students are expected to be able to obtain a probability distribution of
random variable in the given situation and to apply standard continuous probability distribution to
different situations.

Unit 1: Negative Binomial Distribution (Blaise Pascal’s distribution) and Geometric

Distribution (15L)
• Definition of Negative Binomial Distribution
• First four moments of Negative Binomial Distribution
• Generating Functions of Negative Binomial Distribution
• Properties of Negative Binomial Distribution
• Applications of Negative Binomial Distribution
• Definition of Geometric Distribution
• First four moments of Geometric Distribution
• Generating Functions of Geometric Distribution
• Properties of Geometric Distribution
• Applications of Geometric Distribution
Unit 2: Rectangular Distribution and Beta Distribution (15L)
• Definition of Rectangular Distribution
• First four moments of Rectangular Distribution
• Mean deviation about mean of Rectangular Distribution
• Applications of Rectangular Distribution
• Definition of Beta Distribution
• Moments of Beta Distribution
• Properties of Beta Distribution

18
Unit 3: Weibull, Cauchy, Laplace Distribution (15L)

• Definition of Weibull Distribution

• Moments of Weibull Distribution
• Generating Functions of Weibull Distribution
• Properties of Weibull Distribution
• Definition and origin of Cauchy Distribution
• Characteristic function of Cauchy Distribution
• Properties of Cauchy Distribution
• Characterization and related distributions.
• Definition of Laplace Distribution with two and three parameters
• Characteristic function of Laplace Distribution
• Moments of Laplace Distribution
• Properties of Laplace Distribution
• Applications and examples of these distributions.

Unit 4: Power Series and Compound Distribution (15L)

• Concept and definition of Power Series distribution.

• Mean, variance, moment generating function, characteristic function of Power Series
distribution.
• Recurrence relation between the raw moments of Power Series distribution.
• Recurrence relation between the central moments of Power Series distribution.
• Recurrence relation between the cumulants moments of Power Series distribution.
• Recurrence relation between the factorial cumulants moments of Power Series
distribution.
• Special cases of Power Series distribution.
Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Geometric distribution, Negative Binomial
distribution, Logarithmic series distribution
• Unique determination of Power Series distribution from the first moments.
• Concept and definition of compound distribution(unconditional distribution)
• Negative binomial distribution as a compound distribution of Poisson and Gamma
/Chi-square distributions.
• t-Distribution as a compound distribution of Normal and Gamma distributions.
• Poisson distribution as a compound distribution of Binomial and Poisson distributions.

19
References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. : Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.

CORE Paper: Applied Statistics-II

Course Code: ST 4502
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs(70 marks)

Objectives:
To discuss hypothesis testing for large sample and non-parametric tests.
To introduce official statistics and basic sampling method.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course students are expected to be able to apply parametric and non-parametric
tests in different real life data. Students will come to know about premium statistics institutes
functioning in
India. They will get ideas about how to design a sample survey.

Unit-1: Introduction of testing of Hypothesis and Large sample tests (15L)

• Basic idea of estimation and testing of hypothesis.

• Basics of Statistical hypothesis.
• Z – test to test the significance of mean based on a large sample.
• Test the significance of the difference between two sample means based on large sample.
• Test of Proportions: To test the significance of single proportion based on a large sample,
to test the significance of difference between two proportions based on large sample.
• Fisher’s Information and its use to test the significance of coefficient of correlation.

20
Unit 2: Non-Parametric Tests (15L)

• Basic idea of non-parametric inference

• Concept of a non – parametric tests.
• Difference between parametric and non–parametric tests.
• Sign test for one sample.
• Wilcoxon signed rank test.
• Mann – Whitney U – test.
• W.W. Run test.
• Application based examples on non-parametric tests.
Unit 3: Official Statistics and Sample Survey (15L)

• Concept of complete enumeration and sample survey.

• Difference between census and survey.
• Importance of sample survey.
• Principal steps in sample survey.
• Sampling and non-sampling errors.
• Origin and functions of -National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO).
• Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Indian Statistical Institute (ISI).
• Indian Council for Medical Researches (ICMR) etc.

Unit 4: Simple Random Sampling (15L)

• Probability of selecting any specified unit in the sample.

• Selection of Simple Random Sample.
• Merits and drawbacks of Simple Random Sampling.
• Simple Random Sampling of Attributes.
• Estimation of population mean and variance
• Size of Simple Random Sample for specified precision.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory Of
Statistics, Mc Graw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1996): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.

21
 6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. : Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.
9. Sampling Theory and Methods - Murthy. M.N(Statistical Prob. Society, Cal).
10. Sampling Techniques -Cochran. W.G (Wiley Eastern Ltd).
11. Theory and Analysis of Sample survey - D. Singh and F. S. Chaudhary (John Wiley and
Sons).

Elective Paper: Statistics in Psychology and Education

Course Code: EG4304
No. of Credits: 02
Learning Hours: 30 hrs (70 marks)

Unit – 1: Some Scaling Procedures (10L)

• Introduction
• Scaling individual items in terms of Difficulty
• Scaling of scores on a test
➢ Z or σ- Scores
➢ Standard Scores
➢ Normalised Scores
➢ T-Scores
➢ Percentile Scores
• Scaling of ranking in terms of normal probability curve
• Scaling of ratings in terms of normal probability curve

Unit – 2: Reliability of test scores (10L)

• Definition of reliability
• Index of reliability
• Parallel test
• Method for determining test reliability
• Effect of test length on the reliability of the test
• Effect of different ranges on the reliability of the test

Unit – 3: Validity of test Scores (10L)

• Estimation of Validity
• Types of Validity
• Validity and test length
• Comparison between reliability and validity
• Intelligence tests and Intelligence quotient

22
References:
1. Patel, R. S. (2008): Statistical Methods for Educational Research, Ja Publication,
Ahmedabad.
2. Freeman, F. S. (1968): Theory and Practice of Psychological testing, Oxford and IBH
publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Lindquist, E. F. (1968): Statistical Analysis in Educational Research, Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
4. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Applied Statistics, Books and Allied (p) Ltd. Calcutta.

ST: 4503 L
Credit:3
Part A: Manual Calculation
(Duration: 3 Hours per week)
Practical are to be based on following topics:

• Fitting and drawing random sample of Negative Binomial distribution.

• Fitting and drawing random sample of Geometric distribution.
• Drawing random sample of Cauchy and Weibull distribution.
• Drawing of random sample from Rectangular distribution
• Large sample tests for variables.
• Large sample tests for attributes.
• Non-parametric tests (Run test, Median test, Sign test, Sign-Ranked test).
• Simple random sampling

Part B: Using Microsoft Excel

(Duration: 3 Hours per week)

• Fitting of Negative Binomial distribution.

• Drawing of random sample from Negative Binomial distribution.
• Fitting of Geometric distribution.
• Drawing of random sample from Geometric distribution
• Drawing of random sample from Rectangular distribution.
• Large sample tests for variables.
• Large sample tests for attributes.

23
 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9
Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester V
Effective from June 2021

CORE Paper: Sampling Distribution

Course Code: ST5501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1. Identify the Bivariate normal distribution and application in real - life studies and
sustainability vales.

CO-2. Apply the Chi-square distributions and Pearson’s coefficient of Chi-square distributions in
real-life situations

CO-3 Apply the basic idea of Student’s t- distribution and Fisher’s F-distributions and their
properties.

CO-4 Demonstrate the need of Order statistic and Fisher’s Z distribution

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Chi-square Distribution
Unit 02: Student’s t-Distribution and Fisher’s F-distribution
Unit 03: Fisher’s Z transformation and Order Statistics
Unit 04: Bivariate Normal Distribution

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of to introduce
two important distributions namely the chi-square distribution and bivariate normal distribution.
Along with these distributions introduce Student’s t and Fisher’s F distributions. By the end of this
course students are expected to be able to derive the properties of the chi-square and bivariate
normal distributions. They will also be able to apply t-distribution, F-distribution and Z-
transformation to solve theoretical and practical problems arising in different branches of statistics.

24
II. Course Content:

Unit 1: Chi-square Distribution (15L)

• Definition and derivation of Chi-square distribution
• Mean and variance of Chi-square distribution
• Mode and skewness of Chi-square distribution
• Moment generating function and moments of Chi-square distribution
• Cumulant generating function, cumulants and central moments of Chi-square distribution
• Central MGF, Central moments and Pearson’s coefficients of Chi-square distribution
• Additive property of Chi-square distribution
• Recurrence relation for central moments of Chi-square distribution
• Definition of sum and ratio of two independent chi-square variates
2
∑ 𝑋𝑖2⁄ √∑ 𝑋𝑖 ⁄
• The distributions of ∑ 𝑋𝑖2 , 2
𝑛 , √∑ 𝑋𝑖 , , 𝑛 for 𝑋𝑖 ~𝑖𝑖𝑑 𝑁(0, 𝜎 2 )
• Fisher’s approximation of Chi-square distribution
• Applications of Chi-square distribution
• Examples of Chi-square distribution

Unit 2: Student’s t-Distribution and Fisher’s F-distribution (15L)

• Definition and Derivation of Fisher’s t-distribution
• Derivation of student’s t distribution
• Even and Odd ordered moments of t-distribution
• Approximation of t-distribution to Normal distribution
• Distribution of sample correlation-coefficient r
• Properties and examples of t-distribution
• Definition and Derivation of Snedecor’s F-distribution
• Mean, mode and variance of F–distribution
• Relation between t and F distribution
• Relation between F and 𝜒 2 –distribution
• Applications and examples of F-distribution

Unit 3: Fisher’s Z Distribution and Order Statistics (15L)

• Definition and Moment generation function of Z-distribution
• Fisher’s Z-transformation
• Applications and Examples of Z-distribution
• Definition of Order Statistics
• Cumulative distribution function of a single Order statistic
• Probability density function of a single Order statistic

25
 • Joint Probability density function of two Order statistics
• Joint Probability density function of k-Order statistics
• Joint Probability density function of all n-Order statistics
• Distribution of Range of Order statistics
• Examples of Order statistics

Unit 4: Bivariate Normal Distribution (15L)

• Definitions of Bivariate Normal(BN) and Standard Bivariate Normal Distribution(SBND)
• Moment Generating Function of Bivariate Normal Distribution
• Marginal Distributions of X and Y
• Conditional Distributions of X|Y=y and Y|X=x
• M.G.F. and moments of BND and SBND
• Cumulant Generating Function and Cumulants of BND and SBND
• Examples of Bivariate Normal Distribution

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.

26
CORE Paper: Statistical Inference
Course Code: ST 5502
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hours (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:

CO-1 Demonstrate the skills of parameter, parameter space, point and interval estimation.

CO-2 Apply the point estimators of population parameters by using the method of moments and
MLE.

CO-3 Apply the foundations of hypothesis testing (most powerful test, N-P lemma, Applications)

CO-4 Demonstrate the testing of hypothesis (uniformly most powerful test, likelihood Ratio test)

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Estimator and its properties

Unit 02: Method of Estimation
Unit 03: Testing of Hypothesis -I
Unit 04: Testing of Hypothesis -II

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of the concepts
of statistical inference, characteristics of good estimator and various methods of estimation. To
introduce idea of statistical hypothesis and their testing. By the end of this course students are
expected to be able to obtain point estimators of population parameters by using methods of
moments, MLE etc. and derive their properties. They will also able to test the statistical hypothesis
using NP Lemma and Likelihood ratio test

Unit-1 Estimator and its properties (15L)

• Notion of parameter, parameter space,
• General problem of estimating an unknown parameter by point estimation
• Concepts of statistic and estimator
• Property of unbiasedness
• Property of consistency
• Sufficient condition for consistency
• Property of efficiency
• Property of sufficiency
• Fisher- Neyman factorization theorem for sufficiency (for discrete random variable)

27
Unit-2 Method of Estimation (15L)
• Minimum Variance Unbiased estimator (MVUE) - definition and properties
• Cramer-Rao Inequality
• Method of maximum likelihood estimator
• Properties of maximum likelihood estimator
• Method of moments
• Method of confidence interval estimation

Unit-3 Testing of Hypothesis –I (15L)

• Concept of Statistical Hypothesis, Null and alternative hypotheses
• Types of error, level of significance, power of a test
• critical region, Unbiased test and unbiased critical region
• Best critical region
• Most powerful test
• Neymann-Pearson lemma
• Applications of NP Lemma

Unit-4 Testing of Hypothesis –II (15L)

• Uniformly most powerful test (for one –sided alternative hypothesis)
• Likelihood Ratio Test
• Properties of likelihood ratio test
• Applications of Likelihood Ratio Test

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind
Publishing Co.
2. K.R. Koch (1987) : Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models,
3. Mood, A.M., Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.
4. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1996): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
5. Rohtagi, V.K. (1967): An Introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics,
6. John Wiley and Sons.
7. Dudewicz, E.J. and Mishra, S.N. (1988): Modern Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Series
in Prob. Mathematical Statistics, John Wiley and Sons, New York (International Student
Edition)
8. Goon, A.M., Gupta ,M. K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I,

28
 WorldPress, Calcutta.
9. Stuart G & Ord J.K. (1991): Advanced Theory of Statistics (Vol 2), Charles Griffin
10. J. N. Kapoor, H. C. Saxena ( 1960): Mathematical Statistics, S. Chand & co.
11. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II,
WorldPress, Calcutta.

CORE Paper: Sampling techniques

Course Code: ST5503
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:

CO-1 Identify the need of stratification of the population associated with the problem under study
and perform the stratification of a statistical population.

CO-2 Draw a stratified random sample from the population to estimate the unknown parameters
of the population with their standard error.

CO-3 Demonstrate the need of drawing systematic sample from the population and compare its
efficiency with simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

CO-4 Apply the skill of drawing two stage sample (sub-sample) from the population and compare
its efficiency with simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Stratified Random Sampling-I
Unit 02: Stratified Random Sampling-I
Unit 03: Systematic Sampling
Unit 04: Two-Stage Sampling

To discuss the procedures of various sampling methods, create estimates of population parameters
and their standard errors. By the end of this course students are expected to be able to obtain
estimates of population mean, proportion with their standard errors and construct the confidence
intervals for these estimates.

II. Course Content:

Unit-1: Stratified Random Sampling-I (15L)

• Introduction
• Notations and terminology
• Estimation of population mean, total and proportion standard errors and estimation of
standard errors.

29
 • Allocations of sample size- Proportional, Neyman and Optimum allocations for fixed
cost and fixed precision
• Theoretical examples based on variances of sample mean under different allocations.

Unit-2: Stratified Random Sampling-II (15L)

• Relative precision of stratified random sampling and simple random sampling
• Determination of sample sizes when (i)variance of stratified mean is known (ii) when total
cost of sampling (C) is known.
• Stratified random sampling for proportions
• comparison between stratified sampling and simple random sampling.
• Merits and demerits of stratified random sampling
• Mixed examples based on stratified random sampling for variables and proportions

Unit-3: Systematic Sampling (15L)

• Introduction
• Estimation of population mean and standard error of the estimator
• Advantages and limitations
• Comparison of systematic sampling (N=nk) with SRSWOR and stratified sampling

Unit-4: Two-Stage Sampling (15L)

• Introduction
• Finding means and variances in two-stage sampling
• Variance of the estimated mean in two-stage sampling
• Sample estimation of the variance
• The estimation of proportions
• Optimum sampling and sub-sampling fractions

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:

1. Murthy.M.N : Sampling Theory and Methods, (Statistical Probability Society, Calcutta)

2. Cochran.W.G: Sampling Techniques (Wiley Eastern Ltd)
3. Desraj: Sampling Theory, (Tata Mc Graw Hill )
4. D.Singh and F.S.Chaudhary: Theory and Analysis of Sample survey,
(JohnWileyand Sons)

30
 5. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling. Prentice Hall.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II,
WorldPress, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. : Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publication.
8. Pathak, K.B. and Ram, F.: Techniques of demographic analysis- Himalaya Publishing
house
(1992).
9. Srivastva, O.S.:A text book of demography(1982).
10. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol II,
World Press, Calcutta.

CORE Paper: Operations Research-I

Course Code: ST5504
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Apply the skill of formulating and solving liner programming problems using graphical
method.

CO-2 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business, industry and social science
by using Simplex method.

CO-3 Apply the methods of solving transportation and assignment problems arising in business
and industry.

CO-4 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business and industry by using Duality
and sensitivity analysis in LP.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Operations Research and Linear Programming problems
Unit 02: Simplex Methods
Unit 03: Duality and Sensitivity Analysis in LP
Unit 04: Transportation Problems and Assignment Problems

To introduce quantitative techniques of linear programming problem, transportation problem,

assignment problem, duality and sensitivity
analysis. Along with the methods of solutions of these problems. By the end of this course students
are expected to be able to obtain optimum solution of the problems arising in business, industry,
social science by using the method of graphical, simplex, Vogel’s method, MODI method,
Hungarian method.

31
II. Course Content:

Unit-1: Operations Research and Linear Programming problems (15L)

• Introduction of Operations Research
• Modelling in Operations Research
• General Methods for solving Operations Research Models
• Advantages of Operations Research study
• Introduction and Structure of LPP Model
• Advantages and Limitations of using Linear Programming
• General Mathematical Model of LPP
• Examples of LP Model formulation
• Introduction and Important definitions of Graphical Method
• LPP Solution using Graphical Method

Unit-2: simplex methods (15L)

• Introduction of artificial variables/slack/surplus variable
• Standard form of an LP problem
• Simplex Algorithm (Maximization case)
• Simplex Algorithm (Minimization case)
• Big – M method
• Two Phase method

Unit-3: Duality and Sensitivity Analysis in LP (15L)

• Concept of Duality
• Formulation of primal-dual pairs
• Duality Theorems
• Dual Simplex Algorithm
• Sensitivity Analysis-Change in Objective function coefficient
• Sensitivity Analysis-Change in Availability of resources
•
Unit-4: Transportation Problems and Assignment Problems (15L)
• Introduction
• General Mathematical Model of TP
• The Transportation Algorithm (without proof)
• Methods of finding Initial solution
1. North West Corner Rule
2. Least Cost Method
3. Vogel’s Approximation Method
• MODI method of finding Optimum solution
• Variations in TP
1. Unbalanced Supply and Demand

32
 2. Degeneracy and its Resolution
3. Prohibited Transportation Routes
4. Maximization case in Transportation Problem
• Mathematical Model of Assignment Problem
• Optimum Solution of AP by Hungarian method
• Variations in AP
1. Multiple Optimal Solutions
2. Maximization case
3. Unbalanced AP
4. Prohibited AP

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. J.K. Sharma (2007) : Operations Research: Theory and Applications, MacMillan India
Pvt. Ltd.
2. Hillier, F.S. and Liebermann G.J. (1970): Introduction to Operations Research, Tata
McGraw.Hill.
3. Gass, S.I. (1975) : Linear Programming, Methods and Applications, 4th Ed
4. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M.(1974): Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, John Wiley and
Sons.
5. Sivazlian, B.D. and Stanfel, L.E.(1975): Analysis of Operations Research.
6. KantiSwarup, Gupta, P.K. and Singh, M.M. (1985): Operations Research, Sultan
Chand and Sons.
7. Taha, H.A. (1976) : Operational Research : An Introduction, 2nd Ed.
8. Philips, D.T., Ravindran, A. And Solberg, J. (1976): Operations Research, Principles
and Practice.
9. Heardly, G. (1962) : Linear Programming

Elective Paper: Statistics Using R

Course Code: ST5401
No. of Credits: 03
Learning Hours: 30 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Demonstrate the skills to use data type and different function using R.

CO-2 Demonstrate the skills of diagrams using R-programming.

CO-3 Identify the need and application of measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and
kurtosis using R-programming.

33
CO-4 Apply the skill of drawing various graphs using R- programming

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Fundamentals of R
Unit 02: Introduction to graphical analysis
Unit 03: Descriptive statistics and tabulation

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of fundamentals
of R, diagrams and Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis. By the
end of this course students are expected to be able to using basic R software in statistical data.

II. Course Content:

Unit-1: Fundamentals of R (10L)

• Introduction to R, features of R, installation of R, starting and ending R session, getting
help in R, R commands and case sensitivity
• Data types: Logical, numeric and complex Vectors and vector arithmetic
• Creation of vectors using functions c, assign, seq, rep
• Arithmetic operations on vectors using operators +, -, *, /, ^.
• Numerical functions: log10, log, sort, max, min, unique, range, length, var, prod, sum,
summary etc.
• Accessing vectors
• Alternative ways to create vectors by scan function
• Data frames: creation using data. Frame, subset and transform commands
• Resident data sets: Accession and summary

Unit-2: Introduction to graphical analysis (10L)

• Box plots
• Scatter plots
• Multiple correlation plots
• Line charts
• Pie charts
• Bar charts
• Dot charts
• Multiple series on one graph

Unit-3: Descriptive Statistics and tabulation (Using R) (10L)

• Mean, Mode, Median, Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, G.M and H.M.
• Dispersion: variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, mean deviation
34
 • Skewness: Bowley’s coefficient and Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness
• Moments: Computations of raw and central moments, measure of skewness and kurtosis
based on it.

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. S.G. Purohit, S.D. Gore, S.R. Deshmukh : Statistics using R : Narosa Publishing.

Paper: Statistics Practical

Course Code: ST5505L
Credit:03
(Duration: 12 Hours per week)
Total Marks:70

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Identify the need of stratification of the population associated with the problem under study
and perform the stratification of a statistical population.

CO-2 Draw a stratified random sample from the population to estimate the unknown parameters
of the population with their standard error.

CO-3 Demonstrate the need of drawing systematic sample from the population and compare its
efficiency with simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

CO-4 Apply the skill of drawing two stage sample (sub-sample) from the population and compare
its efficiency with simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

CO-5 Apply the skill of Small sample test in different data.

CO-6 Apply the Skill of drawing a random sample from Bivariate normal distribution

CO-7 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business, industry and social science
by using graphical method, Simplex method, transport algorithm, Hungarian method

CO-8 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems Using MLE,MOM and different hypothesis
testing

CO-9 Demonstrate the use of Excel for achieving the course outcomes of CO-1 to CO-8.

35
I. Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of random
sample from Bivariate Normal distribution, chi-square test to test the goodness of fit, independence
of attributes, homogeneity of correlation coefficient, MLE, MOM, most power full test, type-I
type-II errors, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, two-stage sampling, t-test, F-test,
graphical method, Big-M method, transportation problem, duality. By the end of this course
students are expected to be able to obtain a solution of the problems arising in business, industry,
social science by using the above-mentioned methods.

II. Course Content:

Practical Paper-I
• Drawing a random sample from Bivariate Normal distribution
• Chi-square test to test the goodness of fit
• Chi-square test to test the independence of attributes for 2x2 contingency table
• Chi-square test to test the significance of difference of observed and expected
frequencies.
• Chi-square test to test the independence of attributes for mXn contingency table
• Chi-square test to test the homogeneity of correlation coefficient.
• t-test of significance for single mean and confidence limits
• t- test to test the significance difference between two population means and pair t-test
for difference of means
• t- test to test the significance of population correlation coefficient
• F-test for equality of population variances
• F- test for to test of significance multiple and partial correlation coefficient
• Z-test to test the significance of difference between observed value and hypothetical
value of population correlation coefficients
• Z-test to test the significance of difference between two independent population
correlation coefficients
• Method of maximum likelihood estimation
• Method of moments
• NP-lemma
• Most powerful tests
• Probabilities of Type – I and Type – II errors, Power curve
• Obtaining best critical region for MP test

36
Practical Paper-II
• Stratified Random sampling: Estimation of population mean and total, standard error of
estimators and estimation of standard errors
• Stratified Random sampling: Allocations of sample size- Proportional, Neyman and
Optimum allocations for fixed cost and fixed precision
• Stratified Random sampling: Allocations of sample size- Proportional, Neyman and
Optimum allocations for fixed cost and fixed precision
• Stratified Random sampling: Relative precision of stratified random sampling and simple
random sampling
• Systematic sampling: Estimation of population mean and standard error of the estimator
• Two-stage sampling: Estimation of population mean and standard error of the estimator

Practical Paper-III
• Formulation of linear programming problem
• Graphical method for solving LPP
• Simplex method for Solving LPP
• Simplex method for Solving LPP
• Big-M method for LPP
• Two-Phase method for LPP
• Initial Basic feasible solution to a Transportation problem
• Finding optimum solution to a transportation problem
• Hungarian method for solving assignment problem
• Duality in LPP
• Sensitivity analysis in LPP

Practical Paper-IV (Using SPSS and Microsoft Excel)

• Drawing a random sample from Bivariate Normal distribution
• Application of Chi-square distribution to test the goodness of fit
• Application of Chi-square distribution to test the independence of attributes
• Application of t-distribution
• Application of F-distribution
• Application of Z-distribution

37
III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, computers.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.
9. Murthy.M.N : Sampling Theory and Methods, (Statistical Probability Society, Calcutta)
10. Cochran.W.G: Sampling Techniques (Wiley Eastern Ltd)
11. Desraj: Sampling Theory, (Tata Mc Graw Hill )
12. D.Singh and F.S.Chaudhary: Theory and Analysis of Sample survey,
(JohnWileyand Sons)
13. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling. Prentice Hall.
14. J. K. Sharma (2007) : Operations Research: Theory and Applications,
MacMillan India Pvt. Ltd.
15. Hillier, F.S. and Liebermann G.J. (1970): Introduction to Operations Research,
Tata McGraw.Hill.
16. Gass, S.I. (1975) : Linear Programming, Methods and Applications, 4th Ed
17. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M.(1974): Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, John Wiley and
Sons.
18. Sivazlian, B.D. and Stanfel, L.E.(1975): Analysis of Operations Research.
19. KantiSwarup, Gupta, P.K. and Singh, M.M. (1985): Operations Research, Sultan Chand
and Sons.
20. Taha, H.A. (1976) : Operational Research : An Introduction, 2nd Ed.

38
 St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Ahmedabad-9
Proposed Syllabus: B.Sc. Statistics Semester VI
Effective from December 2021

CORE Paper: Probability theory

Course Code: ST6501
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Identify the Truncated Probability distribution and Truncated probability distributions in
real - life studies and sustainability vales.

CO-2 Apply the characteristic function of different distributions in real-life problem.

CO-3 Demonstrate the skills of different probability inequality to find upper and lower bounds of
probabilities of some events based on different distributions.

CO-4 Demonstrate the skills of convergence in probability using weak law of large numbers and
central limit theorem.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Probability Inequalities
Unit 02: Weak Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem
Unit 03: Characteristic Function
Unit 04: Truncated Distributions

To discuss concepts truncated distributions, characteristic function, probability Inequalities. Along

with these the weak law of large number and Chebychev’s inequality are derived / discussed. By
the end of this course students are expected to be able to obtain probability distribution of truncated
distributions and to apply weak law of large number and Chebychev’s inequality to solve
theoretical and practical problems arising in different branches of statistics.
They will also learn to derive and use the characteristic function of different distributions.

II. Course Content:

Unit 1: Probability Inequalities (15L)

• Chebychev’s inequality (for continuous random variable)
• Generalised form of Bienayme-Chebychev’s inequality
• Examples of Chebychev’s inequality
• Examples of generalised form of Chebychev’s inequality
• Examples to find upper and lower bounds of probabilities of some events based on different
Distributions

39
 • Cauchy-Schawartz inequality
• Boole’s inequality
• Jensen’s inequality
Unit 2: Weak Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorem (15L)
• Convergence in Probability
• Weak law of large numbers
• Condition for applying Weak law of large numbers
• Bernoulli’s law of large numbers
• Examples of Weak law of large numbers
• Central limit theorems

o Linderberg-Levy form of central limit theorem

o Liapounoff form of central limit theorem (only statement)

o Different particular cases of central limit theorem

• Applications of central limit theorem

Unit 3: Characteristic Function (15L)

• Definition and properties of characteristic function
• Effect of change of origin and scale on characteristic function
• Theorems of characteristic function
• Cumulant generating function and relation between moments and cumulants
• Examples of characteristic function and cumulant generating function
• Inversion theorem (Levy theorem) of characteristic function
• Uniqueness theorem of characteristic function
• Kendall’s form of Inversion theorem
• Criterion to determine whether the distribution is discrete or continuous
• Characteristic function of Binomial, Poisson, Normal, Gamma and Chi-square
distributions.
• Examples of uniqueness theorem

Unit 4: Truncated Distributions (15L)

• Definition of truncated distributions from left, right and both sides
• Binomial Distribution truncated at X=0 and its properties
• Poisson Distribution truncated at X=0 and its properties
• Standard Normal Distribution truncated from both sides and its properties
• Normal Distribution truncated from both sides and its properties

40
 • Standard Cauchy Distribution truncated at both ends with relevant range of variation and
its properties
• One variate Gamma distribution truncated at X=A from left and its pdf and expression for
rthmoment about origin
• Derivation and definition of Geometric distribution truncated at X = a from left, mean,
variance and expressions for its m.g.f. and c.g.f.
• Derivation and definition of Exponential distribution truncated at X = a from left, mean,
variance and expressions for its m.g.f. and c.g.f.

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K. : Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.

CORE Paper: Designs of Experiment

Course Code: ST 6502
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Identify the need of analysis of variance using one way classification and two-way
classification.

CO-2 Apply the idea of design of experiment, demonstrate the skills of designing the experiments
using CRD in real-life situations.

41
CO-3 Demonstrate the skills of designing the experiments using RBD, LSD in real-life situations.

CO-4 Identify the need of factorial experimentation with main and interaction effects, total and
partial confounding design.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Analysis of Variance
Unit 02: Designs of Experiment-I
Unit 03: Designs of experiment-II
Unit 04: Factorial Experiment

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of the ANOVA
and designs of experiments along with designs of experiments using RBD, LSD and factorial
experiments. By the end of this course students are expected to be able to apply the technique of
one way and two-way ANOVA along with use of CRD. They will also be able to analyse the
problem of with the help of technique of various designs of experiments.

II. Course Content:

Unit-1 Analysis of Variance (15L)

• Introduction of analysis of variance
• Assumptions of ANOVA
• One-way classification
• Analysis of one-way classification
• Critical difference
• Two-way classification
• Analysis of two-way classification

Unit-2 Designs of Experiment-I (15L)

• Basic idea and terminology of design of experiment
• Principles of experimental design
• Completely Randomized Design
• Merits and demerits of CRD
• Analysis of CRD
• Post-hoc (HSD) test

Unit-3 Designs of experiment-II (15L)

• Layout of Randomized Block Design
• Merits and demerits of RBD
• Statistical analysis of RBD

42
 • Estimation of missing observation/s and its analysis
• Layout of Latin square design
• Merits and demerits of LSD
• Statistical analysis of LSD
• Estimation of missing observation/s and its analysis
• Efficiencies of design.

Unit-4 Factorial Experiment (15L)

• Concept and need of factorial experiments
• Idea of terms – main and interaction effect, confounding – total and partial,
• Yates’ Procedure and Yates’ table
• 22 and 23 factorial experiment
• Main effects and interactions, their best estimates and testing the significance when
underlying design is RBD
• Concept of confounding – Total and Partial Confounding
• Confounding in 23 factorial experiment

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. II,
WorldPress, Calcutta.
2. M.N. Das & N. Giri : Design of experiments, ( Wiley Eastern Ltd )
3. Kempthorne :Design of Experiments,
4. Montgomery D.C. (1976): Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley
5. Cochran W.G. & Cox G.M. (1957): Experimental Designs, John Wiley
6. Federer W.T. (1975): Experimental Designs – Theory and Application, Oxford & IBH
7. Mukhopadhyay P. (1999): Applied Statistics

CORE Paper: Statistical Quality Control

Course Code: ST6503
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:

CO-1 Reflect the skill of identifying the application of statistical quality control in industry.

CO-2 Apply the idea of 3-sigma limits in business and industry to solve the problems related to
quality control via process control

43
CO-3 Extend the technique of ‘process control’ to ‘product control’ in the statistical quality control
analysis and design acceptance sampling plans for attributes.

CO-4 Extend the technique of ‘process control’ to ‘product control’ in the statistical quality control
analysis and design acceptance sampling plans for variables.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Statistical Quality Control-I
Unit 02: Statistical Quality Control-II
Unit 03: Acceptance Sampling plans for attributes
Unit 04: Acceptance Sampling plans for variables

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of discuss idea
of statistical quality control and its applications. To expose the applicability of various acceptance
sampling plans for attributes and variables. By the end of this course students are expected to
understand preparation of control charts and understand the technique of ‘process control’ to
‘product control’ in the statistical quality control analysis and design various acceptance sampling
plans.

II. Course Content:

Unit 1: Statistical Quality Control-I (15L)

• Introduction and importance of SQC.
• Chance and assignable causes of variation in quality.
• Determination of tolerance limits.
• Theory of runs and criteria for detecting lack of control in the process.
• Rational subgroups, natural tolerance of process and specification limits.

Unit 2: Statistical Quality Control-II (15L)

• Control charts for Variables.
• Construction of 𝑋̅ , R and S charts with their interpretations.
• OC function of 𝑋̅ chart only.
• Control charts for attributes.
• Construction of p, np, c, u charts and their interpretations.

Unit-3: Acceptance Sampling plans for attributes (15L)

• Introduction of acceptance sampling
• Concepts of AQL, LTPD, Producer’s risk and Consumer’s risk,

44
 • OC curve, AOQ, AOQL, ASN, ATI for SSP
• Construction of single sampling plan by fixing two points on the OC curve.
• Double sampling plan

Unit-4: Acceptance Sampling plans for variables (15L)

• Introduction of acceptance sampling plans for variables
• Advantages and disadvantages of sampling plans for variables compared to sampling
inspection plans for attributes
• Design of acceptance sampling plans for variable when LCL is specified and
1. σ is known
2. σ is unknown
• Design of acceptance sampling plans for variable when UCL is specified and
1. σ is known
2. σ is unknown

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. Mukhopadhyay, P.: Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency( 1999)
2. Montgomery, D.C. (2001): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Wiley.
3. Grant, E.L. (2000) : Statistical Quality Control, 7th Ed., Tata Mcgraw Hill
4. Ott, E.R. (1975) : Process Quality Control, McGraw Hill.
5. Wetherill, G.B. (1977) : Sampling Inspection and Quality Control, Halsted Press.
6. Wetherill, G.B. and Brown, D.W. : Statistical Process Control, Theory and Practice,
Chapman and Hall.
CORE Paper: Operations Research-II
Course Code: ST6504
No. of Credits: 04
Learning Hours: 60 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business and industry by using PERT-
CPM.

CO-2 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business and industry by using
inventory models.

CO-3 Apply the skill of simulation in different methods.

45
CO-4 Demonstrate the need of identifying ‘game theory’ like situation, construct pay-off matrix
and find optimum strategies rusting in best inserts of players/competitors.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: PERT-CPM
Unit 02: Inventory Theory
Unit 03: Simulation
Unit 04: Game Theory

To discuss the concepts of, PERT-CPM, Simulation, Game theory and inventory modelling. To
expose the applicability of these quantitative techniques in different disciplines. By the end of this
course students are expected to be able to obtain a solution of the problems arising in business,
industry, social science by using the above-mentioned methods.

II. Course Content:

Unit-1: PERT-CPM (15L)

• Introduction
• Basic difference between PERT and CPM
• Significance of using PERT and CPM
• Network Components and Precedence Relationships
• Critical Path Analysis
1. Forward Pass Method
2. Backward Pass Method
3. Float of an activity
4. Critical Path
• Project Scheduling with uncertain activity times

Unit-2:Inventory theory (15L)

• Introduction
• Meaning of Inventory Control
• Function Role of Inventory
• Reasons for carrying Inventory
• Factors involved in Inventory Problem Analysis
1. Relevant Inventory cost
2. Demand for Inventory items
3. Replenishment lead time
4. Length of planning period
5. Constraint on the Inventory system
• Inventory Model building
• Single item Inventory control models without shortages
1. EOQ Model with Constant Rates of Demand
2. EOQ Model with Different Rates of Demand
46
 3. EPQ Model When Supply (Replenishment) is Gradual
• Single item Inventory control models with shortages
1. EOQ Model with Constant Demand and Variable Order Cycle Time
2. EOQ Model with Different Demand and Fixed Reorder Cycle Time
3. EOQ Model with Gradual Supply and Shortage Allowed

Unit-3: Simulation (15L)

• Introduction and definition
• Types of Simulation
• Steps of Simulation Process
• Stochastic Simulation and Random Numbers
• Monte Carlo Simulation
• Random Number Generation
• Simulation of PERT problems
• Simulation of Inventory Problems
• Simulation of Investment Problems
• Simulation of Maintenance Problems
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation

Unit-4: Game Theory (15L)

• Introduction
• Two-Person Zero Sum Game
• Pure Strategies: Game with Saddle Point
• Mixed Strategies: Game without Saddle Point
• Dominance Property
• Solution for Games without Saddle Point by Algebraic Method

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1. J. K. Sharma (2007) : Operations Research: Theory and Applications,
MacMillan India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Hillier, F.S. and Liebermann G.J. (1970): Introduction to Operations Research,
Tata McGraw.Hill.
3. Gass, S.I. (1975) : Linear Programming, Methods and Applications, 4th Ed
4. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M.(1974): Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, John Wiley and
Sons.
5. Sivazlian, B.D. and Stanfel, L.E.(1975): Analysis of Operations Research.
47
 6. KantiSwarup, Gupta, P.K. and Singh, M.M. (1985): Operations Research, Sultan Chand
and Sons.
7. Taha, H.A. (1976) : Operational Research : An Introduction, 2nd Ed.
8. Philips, D.T., Ravindran, A. And Solberg, J. (1976): Operations Research, Principles and
Practice.
9. Heardly, G. (1962) : Linear Programming
10. Gibbons, J.D. (1985): Nonparametric Statistical Inference, 2nd ed.,
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
11. Randles, R.H. and Wolfe, D.A. (1979) Introduction to the Theory of Nonparametric
Statistics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
12. Hajek, J. and Sidak, Z. (1967) : Theory of Rank Tests, Academic Press.
13. Siegel S.: Non Parametric Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. International
14. Student Ed. McGraw Hill Kogakusha Ltd.

Elective Paper: Advanced R- programming

Course Code: ST6401
No. of Credits: 03
Learning Hours: 30 hrs (70 marks)

Course Outcomes:
CO-1 Demonstrate the skill of fitting of different distribution using R-programming.

CO-2 Demonstrate the skill of fitting of lines of regression using R-programming.

CO-3 Identify the need and application of correlation coefficient, multiple regression using R-
programming.

CO-4 Apply the skill of simple hypothesis testing using R- programming.

I. Course Overview & Course Objectives:

Unit 01: Data: Distribution
Unit 02: Simple hypothesis testing
Unit 03: Regression (Linear modeling)

The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the advance concepts of R
programming. To expose the applicability of simple hypothesis testing and regression. By the end
of this course students are expected to be able to using R software in testing using different
hypothesis test and regression in liner, Multiple, Curvilinear data.

48
II. Course Content:

Unit-1: Data: Distribution (10L)

• Binomial distribution
• Poisson distribution
• Normal distribution
• Random number generation and control
• Random numbers and sampling
• Test for normality

Unit-2: Simple hypothesis testing (10L)

• Student’s t-test
• Wilcoxon U-test
• Correlation and covariance
• Tests for association

Unit-3: Regression (Linear modeling)

(10L)
• Simple linear regression
• Multiple regression
• Curvilinear regression
• Plotting linear models and curve fitting

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, group discussions, quizzes, class test, problem
solving and assignments.

References:
1.S.G. Purohit, S.D. Gore, S.R. Deshmukh : Statistics using R : Narosa Publishing.

Paper: Statistics Practical

Course Code: ST6505L
Credit:03
(Duration: 12 Hours per week)
Total Marks: 70

Course Outcomes:

49
CO-1 Demonstrate the skill of fitting of truncated distributions such as Binomial, Poisson to real-
life data.

CO-2 Reflect the skill of drawing random samples from truncated distributions.

CO-3 To design the experiment using CRD, RBD, LSD and factorial

CO-4 Reflect the skill of one-way and two-way classification.

CO-5 Demonstrate the skills of solving problems arising in business, industry and social science
by using PERT-CPM and Inventory theory.

CO-6 Demonstrate the need of identifying ‘game theory’ like situation, construct pay-off matrix
and find optimum strategies rusting in best inserts of players/competitors.

CO-7 Demonstrate the use of R-programming for achieving the course outcomes of CO-1 to CO-
4

I. Course Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to introduce to the students the basic concepts of Fitting and
random sample of Truncated Binomial and Poisson Distributions. One-way and two-way
classification Randomized block design, 22 and 23 factorial experiment, PERT diagram, Critical
path method, inventory theory and game theory. By the end of this course students are expected to
be able to obtain a solution of the problems arising in business, industry, social science by using
the above mentioned methods.

II. Course Content:

Practical Paper-I
• Fitting of Truncated Binomial Distributions
• Fitting of Truncated Poisson Distributions
• Drawing a random sample from Truncated Binomial Distributions
• Drawing a random sample from Truncated Poisson Distributions
• One-way classification
• Two-way classification
• Completely Randomized Design
• Randomized Block Design
• Estimation of missing observations(one/Two) in RBD
• Latin Square Design
• Estimation of missing observations (one/Two)in LSD
• 22 factorial experiment
• 23 factorial experiment
50
 • Total confounding in 23 factorial design
• Partial confounding in 23 factorial design

Practical Paper-II
• Construction of control charts for variable (Mean, range and standard deviation)
• Construction of control charts for attributes(p, np, c and u)
• Single sampling plan: AQL, LTPD, Producer’s risk and Consumer’s risk
• Single sampling plan : OC curve, AOQ, AOQL, ASN, ATI for SSP only
• Single sampling plan : OC curve, AOQ, AOQL, ASN, ATI for SSP only

Practical Paper-III
• Drawing of PERT diagram
• Estimation of Project completion time
• Estimation of Project completion time
• Critical Path method
• Inventory theory : Single item Inventory control models without shortages
• Inventory theory : Single item Inventory control models with shortages
• Simulation of PERT problems
• Simulation of Inventory Problems
• Simulation of Investment Problems
• Simulation of Maintenance Problems
• Practical based on Game theory

Practical Paper-IV (Using R and Microsoft Excel)

• Fitting of Truncated Binomial Distributions
• Fitting of Truncated Poisson Distributions
• Drawing a random sample from Truncated Binomial Distributions
• Drawing a random sample from Truncated Distributions
• One-way classification
• Two-way classification
• Completely Randomized Design
• Randomized Block Design
• Latin Square Design
• 22 factorial experiment
• 23 factorial experiment

III. Teaching methodology: Apart from the conventional blackboard teaching, other modes of
teaching that will be adopted are power points, computers.

51
References:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Amerind Pub.
Co.
2. Mood, A. M. Greybill, F.A. and Bose, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the Theory of Statistics,
McGraw Hill.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1999): Mathematical Statistics, New Central Book Agency.
4. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Pub. House.
5. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand
publications.
6. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. and Das Gupta, B. (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
7. Gupta, S.C., and Kapoor, V.K.: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan Chand
Publications.
8. Mathematical Statistics (VI Edition) - John E. Freund.
9. Murthy.M.N : Sampling Theory and Methods, (Statistical Probability Society, Calcutta)
10. Cochran.W.G: Sampling Techniques (Wiley Eastern Ltd)
11. Desraj: Sampling Theory, (Tata Mc Graw Hill )
12. D.Singh and F.S.Chaudhary: Theory and Analysis of Sample survey,
(JohnWileyand Sons)
13. Mukhopadhyay, P. (1998): Theory and Methods of Survey Sampling. Prentice Hall.
14. J. K. Sharma (2007) : Operations Research: Theory and Applications,
MacMillan India Pvt. Ltd.
15. Hillier, F.S. and Liebermann G.J. (1970): Introduction to Operations Research,
Tata McGraw.Hill.
16. Gass, S.I. (1975) : Linear Programming, Methods and Applications, 4th Ed
17. Gross, D. and Harris, C.M.(1974): Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, John Wiley and
Sons.
18. Sivazlian, B.D. and Stanfel, L.E.(1975): Analysis of Operations Research.
19. KantiSwarup, Gupta, P.K. and Singh, M.M. (1985): Operations Research, Sultan Chand
and Sons.
20. Taha, H.A. (1976) : Operational Research : An Introduction, 2nd Ed.

52