The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this:

ENROLMENT NO-2354319960
NAME:- PRAGYA HALDAR
ADDRESS:- 20/7 HARINAGAR, KATULBORD WORD NO-59 DURG (CG) 491001
COURSE TITLE:- Environmental Law and Management
ASSIGNMENT NO:- MEV-003/TMA-01/2024-2025 January and July session
STUDY CENTRE: - RAIPUR DATE: / / 2024

MEV-003: Environmental Law and Management

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
Course Code: MEV-003
Course Title: Environmental Law and Management
Assignment Code: MEV-003/TMA-01/2024-2025 January and July session
Coverage : All Blocks
Maximum Marks 100

Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks. 5 X 20=100

Explain in detail about the significance of

1. Rio conference, Stockholm conference,
1972 and Johannesburg treaty?

1. The primary objective of the Rio 'Earth Summit' was to produce a broad agenda and a
new blueprint for international action on environmental and development issues that would
help guide international cooperation and development policy in the twenty-first century.

Here are some important features of the Rio De Janeiro Earth Summit:

 Agenda 21 was an action plan that was designed to introduce sustainable development
worldwide over the forthcoming years.
 27 principles were included in the Rio Declaration, which was believed to be a guide
action on economic development and environmental development.
 The Forest principles emphasized the right of states to utilise their resources in
alignment with the principles of sustainable forest management.

The Earth Summit also introduced various measures that were designed to reduce the global
impact of climate change and the threat of global warming

2. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to

protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact in the
environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the
fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the
environment.
Outcome of Stockholm convention

Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) can lead to serious health effects including
certain cancers, birth defects, dysfunctional immune and reproductive systems, greater
susceptibility to disease and damages to the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Given their long range transport, no one government acting alone can protect its citizens or its
environment from POPs.

3. World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg adopted a Political

Declaration and Implementation Plan which included provisions covering a set of activities
and measures to be taken in order to achieve development that takes into account respect for
the environment.

It is an agreement to focus particularly on "the worldwide conditions that pose severe threats
to the sustainable development of our people, which include: chronic hunger; malnutrition;
foreign occupation; armed conflict; illicit drug problems; organized crime; corruption; natural
disasters; illicit arms trafficking; .

The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation on Sustainable Development, which was

developed out of the WSSD, reaffirmed that the Rio Principles form the basic principles of
sustainable development and that agreements such as Agenda 21 and those of the Monterrey
Conference on Finance for Development

Explain the principles of Environmental

2. design and describe its benefits?

Environmental design is the practice of creating or modifying physical environments to

enhance their ecological, social, and aesthetic values. It can also be a powerful tool for policy
making, as it can help address complex challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and
health.

Environmental design means an integrated approach to technologically feasible and

economically viable way of design. An environmental design is a way to create human
spaces, which are beneficial for both community and natural environment and achieve a
sustainable and eco-friendly result.

Environmental design policy is important because it can help address some of the most
pressing issues of our time, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and social
inequality. By applying environmental design principles, policy makers can create solutions
that are adaptive, resilient, and holistic, and that consider the impacts and interactions of
different systems and stakeholders. Environmental design policy can also foster innovation,
collaboration, and participation, and enhance the quality of life and the sense of place for
people and communities.

Discuss Environmental ethics

3. and the approaches to ethics.

Environmental ethics is a branch of ethical thought that focuses on the relationship between
humans and their natural environment. It is a holistic approach to understanding and
evaluating our moral obligations to protect and preserve the environment. Environmental
ethics seeks to bring together the interests of both humans and the environment, recognizing
that both are interdependent and have intrinsic value.

A variety of ethical theories, including consequentialism, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics,

define environmental ethics. These ethical theories provide a framework for understanding
the moral obligations we have to the environment and how we should act to protect it.
Environmental ethics also draws upon the fields of philosophy, economics, ecology, and law,
providing a comprehensive approach to understanding and evaluating the moral implications
of human actions.

Examples of Environmental Ethics

One example of environmental ethics in action is using renewable energy sources. Renewable
energy sources are sources of energy that are naturally replenished and can be used without
depleting natural resources. Examples of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, and
hydropower. Renewable energy sources are seen as an ethical choice, as they do not cause
pollution or deplete finite resources.

Discuss about environmental

4. management principles?

An environmental management system (EMS) is used to help organisations recognize,

manage and review their environmental issues or impacts in a seamless way. Organisations
of any size or nature could benefit from integrating an EMS into their management systems,
as it is such a broad topic.

An environmental management system may take into account, but is not limited to, issues
such as:

 Air poliution
 Water pollution
 Energy consumption
 Carbon footprint
 Sewerage waste
 Climate change
 Resource efficiency.

The importance of an Environmental Management System?

The main purpose of environmental management systems (EMS) is so organisations can

ensure they are controlling and managing their environmental risks.

An effective EMS will also be able to show where there is room for improvement in regards
to environmental performance.
Other important factors to running an EMS are the increased public awareness that you are
proactively trying to make a positive change in the environment.

There are many organisations who are passionate about standing up to climate change or
reducing their carbon footprint, but don’t have effective systems to record their efforts.

If you have a successful EMS implemented into your organisation, you should end up saving
money, as you may be able to detect ways to reduce pollution, and gain an increased trust
from stakeholders.

5. Describe a brief history of movements in India for conservation of natural environment.

Chipko Movement, started in 1970's, was a non violent movement aimed at protection and
conservation of trees and forests from being destroyed. The name of the Chipko moment
originated from the word 'embrace' as the villagers used to hug the trees and protect them
from wood cutters from cutting them. In 1731, the king of Jodhpur in Rajasthan asked one of
his ministers to arrange wood for constructing a new palace.
The incident inspired the several other rural women, who launched such similar movements
in different parts of India. The Chipko Movement gained momentum under Sunderlal
Bahuguna, an activist, who spent his whole life persuading and educating the villagers, to
protest against the destruction of the forests and the Himalayan mountains by the
government.
The chipko protests achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15 years ban on tree felling in the
Himalayan forests of the state by the order of Mrs. Indira Gandhi

The Appiko Movement was a significant forest-based environmental movement back in

1983 in India. The movement took place in Karnataka’s Uttara Kannada and Shimoga
districts and was inspired by the Chipko Movement. This ecological Appiko Movement
aimed to spread awareness about the danger of commercial and industrial interests in the
forests of the villagers of the Western Ghats. The Appiko Andolan used a wide spectrum of
approaches to increase awareness, including folk dances, street dramas, interior forests, and
ground rallies during slide presentations.

Narmada Bachao Andolan also was known as NBA is a social movement formed by
activist Medha Patkar. NBA consists of human activist, farmers, Adivasis, and people
established on the bank of Narmada river. The main aim of the movement is against the large
dams built or in process across the Narmada river

Narmada Bachao Andolan is the most powerful mass movement, started in 1985, against the
construction of a huge dam on the Narmada river. As per the Narmada Dam Project, the plan
was to build over 3000 big and small dams along the river.

In May 1990, Narmada Bachao Andolan organized a 2,000-person, five-day sit-in at PM V.

P. Singh’s residence in New Delhi, which convinced the Prime Minister to ‘reconsider’ the
project.
In December 1990, approximately 6000 men and women began the Narmada Jan Vikas
Sangharsh Yatra (Narmada People’s Progress Struggle March), marching over 100
kilometres.
 Define biosafety. Explain various types of
6. biological containment?

Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on

ecology and human health.[1] These prevention mechanisms include the conduction of regular
reviews of biosafety in laboratory settings, as well as strict guidelines to follow. Biosafety is
used to protect from harmful incidents. Many laboratories handling biohazards employ an
ongoing risk management assessment and enforcement process for biosafety.

A risk group classification is used to describe the hazards associated with a microorganism
based upon an agent’s ability to cause disease in a host, the severity of that disease, and the
availability of effective treatments for the disease. The Baylor University Institutional
Biosafety Committee (IBC) utilizes four general risk groups during its review of proposed
research involving bio hazardous materials

Risk Group 1 -A microorganism that is unlikely to cause disease in humans, animals, or

plants

Risk Group 2 -A pathogen that can cause disease in humans, animals, or plants, but is
unlikely to be a serious hazard to lab personnel, the community, livestock, or the environment

Risk Group 3 -A pathogen that often causes serious disease in humans, animals, or plants, but
presents a low risk to the community, livestock, or the environment due to the availability of
preventative measures & treatments

Risk Group 4 -A pathogen that often causes life-threatening disease in humans, animals, or
plants and presents a significant hazard to the community, livestock, or the environment due
to ease of transmissibility and/or the absence of preventative measures & treatments

a) Climate justice.
Climate justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of
race, colour, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and
enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Fair treatment means that no
population bears a disproportionate share of negative environmental consequences resulting
from industrial, municipal, and commercial operations or from the execution of federal, state,
and local laws; regulations; and policies. Meaningful involvement requires effective access to
decision makers for all, and the ability in all communities to make informed decisions and
take positive actions to produce Climate justice for them.

With meaningful involvement in mind, DOE’s (Department of Energy) Climate justice

program conducts a number of activities for stakeholders and host communities near our
sites. Our intent with these activities can be described as follows: To give our stakeholders
the opportunities to participate in DOE decision making to the greatest degree possible, to
give our stakeholders the tools to participate in DOE decision making and to give our host
communities technical assistance to help them strengthen their economies to the greatest
extent possible.

B) Threats to ozone layer.

The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric
ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances
(ODS).

Ozone is a small and highly reactive molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. In the
stratosphere roughly 7 to 25 miles above Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb some of the
harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun, protecting biological life on Earth.

Ozone depletion is caused by human-produced, long-lasting compounds containing chlorine

and bromine, which persist in the stratosphere and act as catalysts for destroying ozone
molecules.

After recognizing that the unregulated release of these ozone-depleting substances could
eventually destroy the ozone layer, the international community adopted the Montreal
Protocol in 1987 to phase out chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were
commonly used in refrigerators, fire extinguishers, foams and many other products