(1) What ts First aid? First ald is the first help or immediate care given to someone who has suddenly fallen ill or been hurt in an accident. (2) When ts First Aid required? Accidents, minor or major can take place any time. It is essential to give first aid before the victim is taken to a doctor or hospital. Thus every Scout and Guide should be trained in first aid. First aid may be required in case of any eventuality that can occur during the following activities : (1) Playing on the ground (2) Camps (3) Wide Games (4) Mountaineering or hiking. {3) Safety precautions while giving first aid : (1) The first aid should be given only by trained persons. (2) Do not take any medicine internally without the doctor's prescription. (3) In case of major injuries contact a doctor or take the injured to hospital immediately. Do not rely on first aid alone, (B) First aid treatment skills ‘Scouts and Guides should be well versed in the skills of giving first aid. They should be especially skilled in wrapping the bandages in case of injury, making stretchers and carrying the injured safely from one place to another. (2) Bandaginga wound or injury : Any physical harm or damage caused to the skin 1s called an injury. A wound is a deep cut or a heavy blow to a living tissue of the body. (2) Take the following precautions while wrapping a bandage around a wound : (1) The person giving first aid should ensure that his/her hands are washed clean. (2) Do not touch the wound with your fingers. (3) Ifthe cut is minor and with less bleeding, then clean the cut with an antiseptic and apply an adhesive band like Band-Aid on the cut. (4) While cleaning the wound, first clean the surrounding area of the wound. It should be free from dirt or any other foreign materials. (5) Apply only those ointments that are suggested by the doctor. (6) If the bleeding still persists then take the patient to a doctor immediately. wT ru“... kdpS (3) Types of Danses pean | eet el : ‘pandages [came | be used for = avant | -|it can minor cus, off adhesive os Eee inate 2 ee antaeptle ‘ointment [Scrapes- panda dage tat ae ts and is | 2a is afferent shapes anid SIZES. eS sold in : | Lo eg [in ca of BE wound ee a i These are 4” x 1.5" gauze ‘bandages = Ss asreeammen | rao seandages in the [part can be covered with cotton, | fons (2) Keep at least 10 su2 So - te tution, The gauze cloth can then jy over the cotton swab to hold ie ment over the wound. * ‘a thin towel | Use it over a burn or a scald, trom ee a To stop excessive bleeding. ie? a or cotton or cotton handkerchief. 2) ecoak the bandage with cold water trnder to prevent the bandage from ‘drying out. (3) The bandage should not be left to dry- [A clean plece of cloth, clean white paper, | These bandages can be used If any oft loraclean handkerchief can also be used | above bandages are not available, as a bandage. Jother bandages (C) Types of Stretchers It is essential for every Scout and Guide to know how to make a stretcher from the available resources. Let us gain information on how to make such stretchers : (1) Stretchers of sackcloth / ute cloth : @ Puncture the end corners of the sack and make two holes. (Fig. 1) @ Take two bamboos of 6 to 9 feet each. © Insert the bamboos in the two sides of the sack. (Fig. 2). and place them on the © Take a thick rope or a ‘ {on one end ofthe bamboo © Then use the . Fig. 3(3) Stretcher of shirt /coat : @ Take two shirts/coats of similar sizes. Fig. 1). ¢ Button up the shirts/coats and place them on the ground 8 shown (Fig. @ Insert a bamboo, on each side, through the sleeves of | | .¢ two shirts (Fig. 2). (4) Stretcher of carpet / bedsheet : @ Place the carpet/bedsheet on the ground. Fold the carpet/bedsheet on the dotted line as shown in the Fig, 1. ‘ Stitch up the two sides of the carpet/bedsheet. @ Insert two bamboos (6 to 9 feet) in the folded part of the carpet/bedsheet (Fig, 2). (5) Stretcher of scarves : © Take 6 to 8 scarves and place them on the ground as shown in Fig. 1. © Tie the two ends of the scarves facing each other as shown in Fig. 2. © Take two bamboos-6 to 9 feet in length © Tic one end of the scarf to one bamboo and the other end to the other bamboo as, shown in Fig. 3. e Your stretcher is ready. DDI ig. 3 (D) Carrying an injured person After a person is wounded, he/she may have to be carried either to hospital or to the doctor. While doing so, extreme care should be taken not to aggravate the pain of the injured. Excessive bleeding can occur while shifting an injured person from one place to First Session Learning Note ; 1. FIRST AID 7sty. Depending on the condition ofthe ¥ arry the injured person : Mee .4 careful pe used £0 , e thos © ed to a ———__—— following metnOT ——— (a) if the injured/sick person ts uy, 2 ie A walle and you are alone, then cay, IE ei patient on your back i (4) If the injured cannot walk and jy stretcher is not available, then two pe, sons can use the ‘two-person arm cary shown in the figure. This may be used to as shown in the figure. However, this dragan unconscious person for a short | method should not be used to carry, distance. To be carried by this method, person who has serious wounds or bro. the injured must be in the supine posi- ken bones. tion. Cross the wrists and tie them to- gether. Kneel astride the patient and lift the arms over your head so that the wrists are at the back of your neck. When you crawl forward, raise your shoulders high. {g) Irit is not possible for you to carry the {injured on your back, then tie his/her hands and use the ‘tied-hands crawl’, a be even carried on somebody's back tht! serting Ifa stretcher is not available then # two sticks in the hands of a coat or Y cloth and two sticks mde i.and the two per. rm carry Ver, this ) carry a S or bro- (6) If the injured 1s not able to sit or a stretcher 1s not available, then two persons can carry the injured in the manner shown in the given figure : Q. 1. Answer in one sentence : (1) What is the meaning of the term ‘first aid’? Ans. 2 (2) Who should give first ald? Ans. (3) What should you do if the bleeding does not stop even after giving first aid? Ans. : Q. 2. Match the following : Group ‘A’ ‘Answers Group ‘B’ (1) Readymade (a) Burns and scalds adhesive bandage ~ _.. | (b) Fractures (2) Gauze cloth = (c) Minor cuts and scrapes (3) Cold water ato higser anaes - = wounds Q. 3. State what you would do in the following situations : (2) You injured your foot while you went hiking. (2) Your grandmother has a minor cut on her hand and you do not have a band-aid at home. Ans. (3) You do not have a ready-made stretcher to carry your teacher who slipped and fell on the playground. Q. 4. Write short notes on: (1) Wrapping of bandages :(2) Cold water bandages * ~ (a) Stretcher made of a bedshet Q. 5. Answer in bri (1) When does the need for first ald arise? Ans. (2) Write any three precautions that one should take while wrapping the bandage (3) Describe the method of making a stretcher out of a jute sack. Ans. (4) Why should you carry the injured person carefully? O. 6. Draw the following : Stretcher of rope /cord 10 KAS scour ‘AND GUIDE : STANDARD x