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Multimodal Transportation

The document discusses different modes of international transportation including railways, roadways, airways, waterways, and pipelines. It provides details on each mode like their merits and demerits. It also discusses largest railway networks, top air cargo companies, dry bulk commodities, cement materials, and benefits of multimodal logistics parks in India.

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alnivas296
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20 views

Multimodal Transportation

The document discusses different modes of international transportation including railways, roadways, airways, waterways, and pipelines. It provides details on each mode like their merits and demerits. It also discusses largest railway networks, top air cargo companies, dry bulk commodities, cement materials, and benefits of multimodal logistics parks in India.

Uploaded by

alnivas296
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multimodal

transportation
INTERNATIONAL MODES OF TRANSPORT

1. RAILWAYS
2. ROADWAYS
3. AIRWAYS
4. WATERWAYS
5. PIPELINES
RAILWAYS - Rails, monorails , trams etc
MERITS DEMERITS

● Lower cost compared to air transport ● Routes and timetable available can be
inflexible especially in the remote region

● Independence from fuel prices ,road ● Rail transportation can be more


networks and traffic restrictions expensive than road transportation

● Faster delivery and higher safety of ● Further transportation required from rail
depot to the final destination , adding
cargo compared to sea transport
cost and delivery schedules
Largest railway network in the world in 2023

● USA - 250,000 KM IN INDIA


● CHINA - 100,000 KM ● 8 billion passengers are getting benefited (
● RUSSIA - 83,500 KM highest in the world )
● 1.01 millions tons of freight ( 4th highest in
● INDIA - 65,000 KM the world )
● Total 17 zones are their in indian railway
network - 19,000 trains - per day
● 12,000 trains are passenger trains
● 7,000 trains are freight trains
ROADWAYS - Bicycles, motorcycles ,car
busses , trucks etc
Merits Demerits

● Less investments ● Vulnerability to seasons and


weather
● Door to door services ● Breakdown and accidents - prone
● Accessibility to rural areas areas
● Suitable for short distances ● Not suitable for long distance and
heavy cargo
AIRWAYS - air planes , cargo planes , drones
etc
LIST OF TOP AIR CARGO COMPANIES

● EMIRATES - EXTENSIVE NETWORK


● FEDERAL EXPRESS - MASSIVE OPERATIONS
● UPS - LARGE PACKAGE DELIVERY
● KOREAN AIR - DIVERSE SERVICE
● CATHAY PACIFIC AIRWAYS - EXTENSIVE DESTINATIONS
● CHINA AIRLINES - BROAD REACH
● SINGAPORE AIRLINES - MODERN FLEET
● QATAR AIRWAYS - GLOBAL PRESENCE
● ASIANA AIRLINES - SIGNIFICANT OPERATIONS
● EVA AIR - BROAD NETWORK
AIRWAYS

MERITS DEMERITS

● Global reach ● Higher freight cost compared to


● Reliable timelines other modes of transport
● Reduced inventory holding cost ● Limited capacity
● Enhanced security ● Restriction to hazardous goods
Waterways - vessels, ships , boat etc

Water transport is the most preferred mode of transport for carrying goods over
long distance . in fact 90% of world's trade is carried out using water
transportation
Waterways
PROS CONS

● Economical ● Navigation becomes difficult during the


● Large storage capacity monsoons
● Safe mode of transport ● The fear of ship sinking is always
● Environmentally friendly concerned
● It is a slow means of transport
PIPELINES - crude oils, natural gas, water etc

MERITS DEMERITS

● They are ideally suited to transport ● It is not flexible i.e it can be used only
the liquids and gasses for a few fixed points
● Pipelines can be laid through difficult ● its capacity cannot be increased once
terrains as well as under water it is laid
● It involves very low energy ● Underground pipelines cannot be
consumption easily repaired and detection of
● It needs very little maintenance leakage is also difficult
Dry bulk commodity

A dry bulk commodity is a raw material that is shipped in large unpackaged


parcels. Dry bulk consists of mostly unprocessed materials that are destined to
be used in the global manufacturing and production process.

The commodities which can include grain, metal, and energy materials, are
transported long distances in bulk by sea in large cargo vessels by companies
that specialize in dry bulk delivery.
Key takeaways- dry bulk cargoes

● Dry bulk materials are unpackaged ● BDI is often viewed as a leading


goods shipped in large parcels by sea indicator of economic activity because
and destined for manufacturers and changes in the index reflect the supply
producers. and demand for important materials
● Coal, grains, and metals are examples used in manufacturing.
of dry bulk commodities. ● Dry bulk spillage is difficult to clean up
● The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a handy as the items are usually in the millions
measure of prices paid for the transport and are either very small or the bulk
of dry bulk materials. item is a liquid.
Types of dry bulk commodities

MAJOR DRY BULK MINOR DRY BULK

● IRON ORE ● STEEL PRODUCTS


● COAL ● SUGARS
● GRAINS ● CEMENT MATERIALS ETC
Iron ore
coal
Cement - flyash , slag , clinker
Key takeaways

Coal, along with iron ore, is one of the most traded dry bulk commodities by volume in the world.
Countries most involved in the import of coal for their primary energy and electricity needs are
India, China, and Japan.2 Grain is another major cargo in terms of seaborne dry bulk trade and
accounts for the total dry bulk trade worldwide.

Some common examples are livestock feed, grains for human consumption such as wheat and
rice, peanuts, cocoa, and even cementing materials such as sand and gravel.
MMT - MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT
Multimodal Transport in India – A
Basic Perspective
Multimodal transport

Multimodal transport is the movement of


good from point A to point B using different
modes of transport by a single transport
operator.

In a large and diverse country like India


where an end to end delivery is a
humongous task, multimodal transport is an
effective solution.
KEY TAKEAWAYS - MMT

In the 1960s, Indian Railways played a In the 1970s indian railway started to
crucial role in promoting multimodal move DSO ( dry storage container )
transport in India. In 1966, Indian and it was in 1981 when the first ISO
Railways containerized goods to give container was moved inland by
birth to intermodal freight transport in Railways to the country’s first ICD at
India. Bengaluru (then Bangalore).
KEY TAKEAWAYS - MMT

.In 1988, CONCOR was established as an Since then, it now has a network of more
offshoot of Indian Railways and took than 70 ICDs while India has more than
over the existing network of seven ICDs 300 ICDs providing multimodal
in the country. transport infrastructure
PARKS

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF PARKS ?


MULTIMODAL LOGISTICS PARKS - MMLP
Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) is a key policy Since, in 2017, India had comparatively high
initiative of the Government of India, led by National logistics costs, 13% of total price of goods
Highways Logistics Management Limited under compared with 8% in other major economies and
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and average 72% higher cost than China of
the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), to
develop Multi-Modal Logistics Parks in hub-and-spoke exporting/importing a container in India.[3] To
model to improve the country's freight logistics sector make India globally competitive by reducing these
by lowering overall freight costs and time, cutting costs and time, the MoRTH is developing
warehousing costs, reducing vehicular pollution and multi-modal logistics parks at selected locations
congestion, improving the tracking and traceability of in the country under its Logistics Efficiency
consignments through infrastructural, procedural, and Enhancement Program (LEEP)
information technology interventions.
Key functions of multi-modal logistics parks

Here are five key functions of multi-modal logistics Benefits of multi-modal logistics parks
parks. ● Connectivity
● Creating multi-modal freight transport
● Presence of required facilities
● Enabling integrated storage and
● Improves efficiency
warehousing
● Cost effectivity
● Enabling freight aggregation
● Reduction of carbon emissions
● Having information technology support, and
● Reduction in road congestion
● Offering value-added services
SUPERMARKETS VS HYPERMARKETS
THANK YOU

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