y Electric Civeuit Avalysis s\nlios (0 Voltage Controlled Voltage Source R=L- Ve by yes" @) a } aN. 20 ° = © Voltage Controlled @® ccvs Curent Source Zi - 0) Oo L baa) Garent division principle. Zpotess DyaTs 8t Rake Voltage Iwision psinciple ig. vi = VeR Vy = Ve Ra oe SRF Ne ba P WTR RitRo v 1s[u}2023 ) Bnd the unrent Howing rough 20L yesistor Inde cistuit ee me re anole analysts. At nods Va At node Vg Razanvd Ty =+T, Tg+Ty-Ie = Was vay Ya-Ve — YonYe eM - 4 Ne=uov) — iy 1s ge Vg = Ty 20 2@0-Va)= 2Va- Vo vazve +4. va ye ae 4H = Ae 4p— 2Vq = 2VA- Ve, He 401 orem ’ ~ HVA ¥e= -H0 -@ La-3%B =-0 © i aFor the civtuit shown tm the figure fend each, branch umey and voltage across each branth when Ri=B , Vy =-loV, T.- 24 aud =( . Alas [tnd 2, dl & Py yah _B Ris LaF - Y5 R24) 4 Tet oe 205 We pgeam ) Tye2A Vg=t Give c | Give. ae ppply KCL at mode A Va > 2x) T,-1,-I3=0 S.21A apely KVL. 4p looP & lo - 2.2, = Ro? Vo =IrRo L0-V¥-Va=0 Ww —IWS-IXRo Refering to the figute given below. fond the pollowing « @ TA th Ty 2A and Ty =0A © ry Hora and Tz =27y. apply KCI aknodt 6 6 - 34D, *Ty-Tr 2D a wee lo-2=Y @ Tz25-3+Tz+Ty |). 24+0t27=4A _ ®&) Ty =-54+ 3-TztIn SAB e UTy) AZ BIy = 242 QIVer oelow audL calculate Vy it Tp 2-3mcohab Refer the sraune voltage would you need dp replace SV Sous ice: Sto obtain Vy = 76 if 20.54. v were Va = SVe ® dv y= (aver par ae 42.5 Ve Va Se ER vy23(3)-3 Bic x. Vy =f 3vatateh ' (WRESy\ ~6 = ayesRabe (SH ee find the current Iz and voltage Vin the cf delow - Crust shout; , From 47g), Ie Apply uvvient diviston prindple Ty > 243 or See L.= 32q —() 3 34 {60 wx in parallel vas = 3x6 bee Be, ants Beigeer © oe) oe So Mon ditwik vedutes to i Apoly =¥ V=6T4, pa DBT ar eo reat BE,0 \ x : hao = pony ee Souees, ™ ish A pendent Sours D Find Y2Ny, in the cfrturt shown below . useng mesh wwunent Kv +> loop ABEFA Wy-8 S1oCT) =O Mi-SLj— 10, +10: fe Vy 18L, + tor; =9 —U) Apply kon oo loop EBCDE! | WoL, - 1224. @® 72, =, - 10m, -2y) =o lol) 12a, Be WL, -2Ty: loZ, = rq i Vo 4\2E4 -10T, =D 2 Bf wai 12t, 4%)-@) fash nat i Vy =T,R é WP jy, = Lory oa ' : : \ % 10 Ho From ea") we have ee Rasy “U-152, + 10m, =o 5) ABE os Saathan a ay AK “sr 0: 1+ to() i = -V, ex + wot v V2" <0 i) & =-Y Vi =.eply evi —toop—Ae- 8A " Frid! the voltage Vo im the cirturt shown below’ ove KvL to loop @8E00 sume a ~ 2 ni9P(ty\Hai0"3) —6 x107Cr4) + 3- Ylr, 2 24 -T))-6h=0 3-ACTgtunig?) -2 4-6, <0 3-4a, ~1¢-2F4 48 - ~6T4=0 Von =Teh -12Tg-ats © 0025x6u =122,-s20 TI-SV t3VeL)-5V — ( Find the current Dy for the crrturt Shown below > as LD, same catia 3 ao Ea sm Applying KVL. tb loop (2) My, = 240, -2k (1,2) 0.) Vay-2kE, -2eE, +20) =0 May-URE, 42KE 20 | ' , Lor applying KvL +0 loop (3). Wy xin? x, "Eq =r) 6 -\K1 082, — Vay - Imio2°(T, -r,) <0 & 1x09, — Vay —IxwEy + Ixio2ri<0) 6- “2x10, — vay a9 20 3 Nagy — 2X0PT, = =D Addivg ec) “ouncl G) Cvay-4mM0%E4 +y)/ + C8- = Vay - anita) T Vay - UxO9T, +4 tg — Vay - 2X102r, a ' 12 -4X) 2x10 Ty=0 ‘ 124x197 C4 rio S425) -2x103 E20 1109 12-16 - Unt aR10? 2, : 42.-"6-6 X10? La, \ i = 6x 108, =0 Cat yy act . = 6-66X16% =p.gyip-3 fg-n , 7 = 066 xi— aT 2 Suprimesh Avalysrs A suptrmesh FS created faom woo meshes that have a cayrent Sourle as & common element. i { 3 Current souvle fg tn the inierion OL the suprrmesh » we thus vedue the number oF ) “meshes by one ifor each cuwent sowues . present, oy P Applying kvL +o the Suptrmesh onound ‘the dotied path we git t,=2ma I -T, =4uma Bee Ken. 2K ) Pind eT Ue 6 -lxv02, - 210%, “2 x°CE-Z)) -1 x10%agaT)) 2.0 Tete S-XL, 2x1W7L, -— 2208 t ARO!) — 1x W7Ly + IXIG TD (yl ) . 6 - 2x03, - UxIeRr, + Sxw2L, sd 6 2x10 5 4 WCU x10 F4TS) 413 x18 art = 0 6-6 —2r10%rg - 16 Hate, SO!” ~H-6 x0, =0 M ~4 = 6xi082, Othe | figue pind the mesh cumenis Ti,D, and Za wy supt muh contept. ; ‘g_(SuP. ” T\-D,<5a Bets NGRTRS oo. g! ; 1 % 22.8 10 - Ga} 3@tg-Ta)+2Crg)=0" | 0- Ij-T, -33,+30j727,20 Hey heir ss oae 235 O-T,- 5, 420, =0 0) 1 py ye (S42) +3“ AS i 2 F720, -9-Ty + 3025 2a? 273 300, Ty) a(Tg-B SO. (! Ug yam,-'2Ty=0 : 22,- 212,65 —@) 2% y-8%5430y- TZ, <0 2 aca “|a Mesh Analysis with aati Sourtes,. | 22h: > Ustag mesh current method solve for Za tw the Chrys shown below, Also. find. the! power clelivered by | the independent curerent sourte dependent voltage courte , oon Len . cede Gonghaint equation Apply KVL +0 mesh (2 —1x10? + gore — 5007, - 2.4x0E,-2) =O — av? + S0r4- S00r, 9.4 x WI, + 2X10 =O + ut xt = 1x10? 4 150r_ — 29007, +2.Ux02r, =o ~ buo®etsurg = T900(Eq ery YEUX 10?C2-sx10 3) = 0 “lx w2t Soy — 29q00Ta - 7-25 + 6 0, = 1001.25 = 2450Iq neo AB [ 150x, —150L, — S00L, — 2.uxto%t t2 UMP AWE, o 84 50m1 190 2 Sx 103) AED. Hmio2G2.6 a0erF) = ped! | 6-625< BtS0a, D = 1-5ma ae Apply KvL to mesh (4) 205x102 —400E, =24x10X F,-15), 20, 5 -3_ yet) 724x072, +2. uncle ED, 3 _ 99008 F2-NRIDy Ho’ ? ~~ 9800(2+9X19°9) + 24 xI02C1-Sy1g 3). » 36 =O iE yk vert # ng me Re 25X10 zePrd VX = 3-4X2.SmA Sen P delivering tx power loelow. oov@ Power delivered by independent source Using mesh. current method nd, by the dependent voltage source for the a7 Power delivered by dependent Source Rap = var, = ( seraDa, z 1S0(-1*10) (5510) @0 Vobsorb ing th powey the power delivered cry tuit shown Ay to loop) SL pply Kyi Mae Gea 660- 52, 515 (4, -T3) = 10(z, ay=0 25% 660 - SL, - 19T, +1S51,- (02, + 10T, 2d aos) Apply KVL +p mesh@) 20Tp - 10(Z,-T))-50Ly-T3) <0 { 2Lg —10T, +10L,- SOL, +S0r,=0 20T, + SOL, - 602, +500, =o | 20-13) + 20T - 207 10L, - yor, + Bol, =0 2) 660— B0X, + i0T, +152, — a) Aeply KVL tp mesh) ~ 25. 4-50G,-L_)~IsG,ap-z ~25T,,~ 6023+ 50%, ~15L, + Shee 1S, + 502, - 401, =o Rae 20a Ty ero Ta=%-T3 = 20xX5x24 ea “s = 24-22 w T-24aT Pz 2400 T,22A E> Findlithe total power delivered ta the crtuit mesh | arn avnent method,Apply KVE ty mesh o- “Wa, - 2.5(r 403) SC y= Tg) = 0 Wh ST, - 246560, - 2660, - 51,97, 20 Oy ~252, + $3, -2.57, =0 —() Apply KVL +p mesh (3) 022M - 265(2 455) — +:5(242.)~su)20 ee Kye * mesh @) +5 (a3! sti) - 4-5(E21T)) -50=0 12. ~ 81) +92\- 4.82, - 450, -50=0 712.8%, —45r, = 3p -© f Tyavlava . Vax SO,-5)o O.2Va- 92. Tt - a 2-527 - 2.573 4.5 ST, 202, - Spico iad 0.2¥A 22682, < 91-1023 =By—G) 406 le SL i 12 -S(t,-2/) 62.5 =n) = 0-2.Va =: = Q.2V0 (a5 %2 ist @QXS5Q—m) ws | 7 13 25,-2, Va = S (3) fpply KVL 4p moh 0) rid “ - - I Te volot 1 ee 13.57, -2.5( E145) - 5 (q\-Teo 2ST Fen ash nyc ~14,8T, - 2.50, 2.53, -5\4 57,20 sed! VST) 2.55 42.55 = 22.55, — 2ST s 255, +52, -2.57,=0-a) Peppy KVL tp mesh a 2-5, -T) a2, 5@,-T3)-p.2vy 12- ST 4 ST 49.57, 49, Sy T, 47, £6 I -€-ST, OT, 42,54, 3 -@) 12- 6.80, ~ 65, +2.5(6, ty5 Ty = 5.266h P.= O2vgxr4© Node Analysis Geamen’s subs: 2S5/1N(2023 5 ) Find ~y jm the ciruit shown and alao obtain. the mumerical value of the dependent source. Vdspendut Cymru soure —5 + V(0-B+6+ 0-2) =5 5 -Vv(0-5-6 +02) Apply KCL at node Sy’ | 3=6.3Vv -5-) ov = ~5V-29 4he — 5 ie polit pati ORY BRE yal te, FB 7 = 6x0-4U43 (Vesey) == seen | »> 2 Find. the value OL &, In the circuit shown below: © Vo Hage across 6-1 Ve rR \ et Be) 12 vg Apply KCL ot © ing - {-{i, =0 2ki — 2-420 aKi= 6 fa=3) Un the enetwoike shown below fond Vi, Vo9V3 oy snodt analysis, 4By impection Vit2Vv ppply KCL at &) I, = Tutls Apply Ker at © Vp-Va = Vg + Va ( T=T, +55 Seve 2 vet -We- Yd 05 029 1 DN. 2 Ny = 0-25V2 + 0.25V5 m rs O28 | aVo = Vz 0.5V, + 0.SVy 2-2. 3% a) ay nvs 4-0) « @)an the network shown below find the node voltages Using mods —opraliais ceebinryae. ve rR V5 -UVg- V3 = ED in Apply KL at node) Apply Kil ak mode O) = Tatty em - (Yet) 20 We. var ote - gn 0n5y “Mata 1 fabltane Ve HAV Vt My HO 27MIN LAO MiVe-Vat¥3 = Ye nee, = 2,422 = 0 Vit ante BS U4 -3V. + 2% 0) a - Bat gvs ty eo HIN = Dg 8M “BY, 42%5 —yy 2M tH -@ " Sub? eg 1B) in 0) &G) axt2vrt) av, Se A in ddy 3 an @) in®) uve 74 (2%24) -%s Apply °L Avy — WoBGVg tHe Va, t= 0 2iaia ty) = 5Vz+ 2% 20 Ug 2666Vy - S2BI-VatI=AO + elon) -SVa+ 2% =0 Lauvy Vg = 3332 SO) hod BV, 46 - S¥at 2% =O, ae Ou . Vy eovy rage = 6 -@) Va = =)2s088V) |) Vg 2 Wu to 0 S8V b Vy = 2Coauiey } 3 \ 2s|u\2023 | Supet Node vor bys Whenever a voltage source Cindependent | or ‘dependent) te connected bli two non seference modes \ then these two modes form a generalised mode called a | Supers nodes, i 5 j Procedure for uring Super node. ) Use tt when® branch lolw gon-seftvente node “re connected oy an independent pv) clependenty vo Leage Source, > Enclose the voltage | Soule and tae two Connecting modes inside a dotted ellipse +o foe a super mode, Weite the tontaint equation that defines the voltage relationship lols the tuo mon-veferente modes 0% & result of, the, presence of, ybhe Voltage Source _SAY Write the KCL equation at the Super node. 5 Ty the voltage sourte 16 dependent then. the’ constaint equatton for the dependent sourvle Fs gly required. ' > Find the node voltages using Super node technique for the circuit shown loelow. G@ngbain equations V,-V3 = 5V —O 5 — 065Vy- 0-125V_ + 25-0425 V,- 0-1 GO%E O A+5— 0.5(54V5) —0125(S+V3) —V.25Vg —b-166V3= 0 HAS 7 2.5 - 0-53 — 0-625 ~ 0-125 V3, -0.25V,'-0-166 Vs!=0) 4-345 = LepyiVs, Vz 7 4-20v Va =5+Va 2 S+4.2 ‘ = 6-66 0-3%at033Vy +1p— 9. Ip +005 BRAT OPV Yt VD O+L66V9 O16 Va =O ails i 0-O48V2 + 0-166V3 +0. 33M |= (3/34 40) 2107 + dues Conbtrain Equats : eden onbtrain ato ns De ine 2 toni ee) 3 Vg- Va.= 2V 0) 2A aa apply KO at Super mode 2-2-1, -Ty Fe 2- Mi - Ma 1p =O Si aS 2M aay, =0 ye et = 5 -0.5V,— 0.25% 0 vi $0.5, 40,25Qiy) = 5-0 - SY, — 280™, -S-0.5V, $0.3 +0.25V, <0. —4.5 -0.25y,=0 -S-5 = 06451 4.5 yy 0.25 V2 ev = 5 0-5M7 0-5 — O25MF oO 1 Wya%y =! 20V 0) Va- Vin = 3Vn -@ Mya Vy a Vie Prey Ket att wocke NV Br ae. 4Ta“ta=0 Nye Me Ny % Vat M44 10 - Wy 4M 2 By 20 4V¥2_ 1 oan VY iy — Mots” sat aoe sie a y Ki 20 + ate oat = 204V2t YY 3 w Ve10 ViA¥3 | Va Vy + 204Na'4 Yu = a Sale Met AO! 3 3 v,HNy -HVa = Gv 24 2 b — BNa=Va 4 6.664 va" Surf nS 2V,- 2V,- 3Y- 2 St 3Vyi, Ve Vee wane WY + Va = 6.66 Ya Ya Va - OM - Va pv, 6.66 @ eM e, g Pee 0.5Y2. - 0-4166Vg — 1-33Vy = —6.66 —@) Apply Kyi Vat BVA + 6Ty +20 2D Cy) +3Cy,-vu) +673 +20 =O avy + BY-3 Vy t FT #20 =o DV, —2Vy 63 420 £0 2M wavy o(va5y8) +20 20, DN ROMY EN, Mg = 7-20 . IM, +V2- V3 - 2Vy e720 2:(204Vq)) © Ver Yar Fae Ngo 2Vy = 20 yoxby, + Vor B,C V3-2Vu = —60 Bt ay 2 =4V3~6V3 19 zy 2ySpout ei ee f j 2 A See i | ne ve D wh #=0 | D practical voltog soutle Ver bow Bee eed, Ce y Rg > Sounte Reristanle Qa z@ fedion r-8 = 2.54 z o i dgored Sourte : Zev E a oe diveet Aranafbymakion 7s not possible cohen many FmpeulWAatL or connected cto a) Voltage, Sut ts | ie Sour “cep : i Shit¥ing. Cotto Skivting) Cu-shi\t) en pole 0 He aon Tees? SEE s : Retain tw Acme a) polovti we peak! 4. Ty WS4 mate ‘ maker itt possilole; Current _ Sounte Shifting Ca-sth¥) SowAo_ ee, Grea we cept skit e a 5 rs 80 fede bFor the circuit — shown below find the cusvent! L by reducing the cPrcuit te the aight of tthe derminal ay +0 its stmplest doen using, ‘sousttel; tearrsformiation , Sy 30-0 Sten cusmrent AoULCE, ; pr oe Lev “Ee 2 = OLA % tytd, = 0008 we 25a \ via SA ae Wee vue $x teas a 4 vertR = DRI T =p.224A | DNee ee ee ee ae ee for the ciacuit shown loelow, | Ai 3.3K =r tS MK 08 LomA aut verR vere = 20x10 x oxi = ixwudew™ iE (a5 OP, + HEsUE +200 360x103. 3:3 BboxiO>y = 1534uUT ; 35999Gr= 153 aa : ie HUT, ~ 2001 te 425x104 oud Ap=Po0 = 4.3% wrt the given 3 Use Source teansfosmation fe conve Gruit ty a sin LL uernent Soutte TN P with & Single raistantt. ins \ A 4 4 ege y jeaminak he Y! o tuminals to be ave souxnle NOTE) The AV. gounte AS the ator te will forte the voltage acsoss “net w regardless of the valu of | he \° oe & BA Tepiskor 40), segt pes ee eae elements may be weed oe Sent atey without albany He ceruit vonditon. v2ZR i. <0 SHH” 9 asa he WwW > Vz2b0v bey 191545 24750 \a 22.258 Pea ae Ro 222 myProblems On _Souxte Shitting A203, Use sowute shifting & transformation, shijting 10 find volta arross 2 reséstoy stor the cirtuit shown below. ay (Re 70.66 Ln HR GS. | _ Tin B verR D 520 = cb 9% [ik Ses | D Son. ay oP Ge etd vere, ap Ye, = 3x] 2 Using sowie. shifting|mebility Caluilak Va in the cirwwit shown lboelow, 3 ye" gal nie | = ene,{ | Nae Val = 2 3 Vsing sowrte mobility Calculate Valo ia He circuit shown below. 36Y iI pot 2 “oe io Sov ok =2 Eb. Sel" ae £4 wee Sidon ae tou 260 Vup22Uy Valo 2 Wa-Vely 60-7. +Ad Using source mobility redute the metwor k given eg amd var the valu ob VA, ony vet Aan oy AM 4. . 5 3 Lume lO, iu. Hie | eS 4 Star - Delta Transformationyf ctwuming D mewotk & tonverting i* to Stan 0 Ral =) yh ke ae Bafa a Rar Py Rites Py = Bike ‘gp = Ryt Re * Ryhe d Rit Rots, : ae bot ate Ry = Rat Ro + Ra Re RAR ARy ‘ a Aa * ¥—odD B Ry at y «Re 4 . eo v oe => qi Q stare Yeye 7 * L R Fx Wy gece _. ' ce oe Sh [eR = : Ze 2 a => A nv > Find the value of Resintane low the Btoceenas of the wetwor k ‘phouwn lwelow wing ‘oot lat ea ie g zh, fy N We 2 Rhee, 18X22 GR RrtRete, letl2te KH y a, Py= Siba . BKM 2 Rie ee R, > Rak 4 tyeau YK ESKHAIEAZK WALK wie Siok 1 las = (64K a d =16.qen \ Riko GxIe 23.60 Aap = 30 Ry EE 36 Lose Bia : QARUG 5.41 Rab =14,3) A2421.6, S410 oe S410 ic Find Redistante “a Gutent Y, Bp de & > ye py) Riba. 2 PBIB S PONG aa “3 Be Bho 2 2042 k WS 'es face vere aS Ly Peo wn qe oelwl22*3 to _Aleernating Crust Application “of Keiehobt 6, lage iy Find the source voltage “Ve ter the charcuit shown below using, Node Avolysts. technique Assume T= 314A bale > .polart fram Yo gti Reckanguluform a Niue sok oe +5 Tm ed Rectarrgulor Jorma Tentooe EpEmsing —; “ Awodt fysin@ Vote. Se | time 1 Hg | O= ir 1 1104} ews ot i 2 Set | Rectangulon form : V Vehigt Ted | "2 ve yet (3, us) i wu = rwsd je polor 10 sat 2 Y= +Sine aac : : gio see 5 Bweus’s 212 ‘ j Waa) yr Tsing =) asinus = 2-12 | . shit Pol . i QArt j 2-1 oe BO tezaD ne 22-99 ve fategh y pyres)wt = ZO z= Vv Rt §x1)* oh 3 R- JX M LOX, 12 = F,%p, LO 2: x ang ) ppely ker 49 ay Jae T -tyt7y, pent fects Ns 4zZ veo ye ye ae Stja Vs. ~o.1v, = 6.2¥, vin vy O.2V 1 MV Ve a mt 3g) Sy 7) O.1Vg-O-1M, = = A Hse) oe ana Gr2f Vit -v2 (- % 5 Gea) = ame Guleuhactor’ nag BR Complek. 0.2) = Mtous +f5y, Aj +5%ajJ EU SW +5¥5j TW 0. 5-1 Gv," > Be Wore Sy, AG TOMS, = 2935) = 5V,- 3 +5 IG O.IVg —0-1M O,2gu (0-42-0108 14240-0695) 2 OsIVg — 0-4 = 0.2 V. + OAV ~ O-065fM, euavay 0-065 V2, OV 5 — 062 4V, + OeLAVG BO IBYV IT 0-08) Vo. Ong - Vi l0.24 toigyy) + Valolt ~v- 06471 = O. = YD Apply KL to erode Va Ty = ee, Te 3s! 1 iby i Vie Ve) vg Oil} aay Nal] $45 Ah, = (60. \42 Yo. 20637 Vo. = 0 wit 8 : Qu09 - 0.0415 Vo. (0.142 -o8ee,pul 2V, — 006M, +0- 1F2Vq, — 0-068) Vo a ee I AY 0109V2, ~ 0-04 Vo. 4ZV, —0-068/V1 40-063V, — 0+63U Ve = g-H8t 8-48) oO. 2) 2 dy J vy (0142. - 0-068]7) +(G)lo.063 0.6395) ey @ arom’ “> (0.14- 0.0647) =0 ove — Velo2t aptay) + CRMBe aH ONE UENT” 1 O-Ne ~ Vi (0.24 +0913) + Vo.o.1# -0-06G) =0 -O zeR At _nock 2 4 NE u4(3lus) Moe ree, (e-us-ce.ugi) S+aj B43; (curt 20-064 (oxra-v.064f)¥y = K9-109 —O-0H)Var“ Vi (02142 ~0-068)7) — (0 -068-0-024] Mo = Guete.ug) V2 e4T = 8st g.ug — &) enh wa @® ta @) Co.42-o.06R Jv, frre me IC ea (ot \ Va ‘ \ J x Jj Oa 5 = (0-3545-28)) + Gort o-8gp =0 1 Ov, = (east. oj)vy & Determine Vi & Va» the mode voltage phasors ~weim: ar at § giruuit for the circuit shown below, > Swsat on coswt + site 5 fo = Yxee8i) Y-o8j Sit ofp 0-5) +! 3 > Apely KeL 6b My, Apply KCL ot Vi |) D,+I5 >T4 Ly oT es NeMal 5 18 we 0.240.4 sy Ye" 0.5 > Ty JETS =! ca w— aye jMit de Vaya Wo 24, = 2M do. imagines = Vy V2. oar y-yYe = an oo Ivade-2 -2) wip GolkMe. GN cYaldt De 7S wr jwise 473% Te | Lvl: ey: ‘ | 4: CHD ow)ww w «J 2 Voy 10 = (s)) 7S x S118 BF On, oi2)2023 » Using Mesh Current method. ana he steady State expression for Wt) in the crutt shown below. ‘ Ng, = \0 wo(sook + 53-13°) Von. = &sin (So0@) ‘g,= 80s Good — 90") w2500red|s | OKIE PH = GwL = + 50x R= = Jae = Pemex 06? . Gx, 6n,=0 go = testo qo Apply kvL to mesh | tes a) Wide, + MasTor 8 R= o. i aT ot. Via 61,462, =o LT, (e295) 643; 301 + Oye Gr =0 Pr £,(6+2)) - S= 6 eR ~ay. ar i) bs LS 1 t-) [6, —To(4p +6) + y2t, =0 er, — 3, (yp +e ) + 8ST, =O 6x,- Tr Cy+6-3)) = 8s er, - i 85 —Q) pe oe nt (z ple et 6 C644; att GrgpreeCo+q ZC 36T iT) UMEDA 4 36 Gxpm -omn 7 Cm tery a ety, 2 A. = Le btey| es usy ~B6 +497) 6 ; xy Ay 1-52 T= A 2 “ett 2 alah 26 see Wy mB tay To = On. -8h 5 9435 > 3.6 L865 a ~Bt12j VeeGomje ate 8S | Welt V = 12 @5(50004) Voligy) oss = : Ug — rae ue (26 z 10 a.> Find Voc ~ Jee a veVS vVetR : Va = Sita) jan) ; Yas ~ soomrit 5 Stor, Apply KvL to. mesh «1 ‘ ~6o0r, = Coe) [z,~ ABYP4+9 20 " ~6o0L, ~ (300 " ~6o0r, — ~bo0r, Va+4 = Apply KVL ‘to mesh G) / Cone te, fe) 1 5 2052, 2. +300; 7,) +2Va - 30079. — 09) ) (a5 =D) = oO ~ 3007) + 3007-7 2 2Va- 300r, +a 0, Ms 3Va = 3007, — va FOoay = 9 ra") 3Vo, ~ 3000, = ae 2 S008, t ‘ Ze Usoo 309; 5) * 229) = 49 0) fegooir, ‘ize, ‘= 30g + 3099 Ty, ~ 300, By ~GOUFL, 4 Gog T, — 30GT, + 3005 £1 (-600j ~ 300,)) +2) G00) +300) - 306) = ZT (+909;) #7, eg 09) t 300) = -@ ~G) tT ere a * Zz Gov -300} a E a 200004630000 + 24 Dv0g) THY Yee A =1800004 63000) 30g- 400; 300; 2 200-8109 - 0 d= 306 “900; 4,240 -8100))| gidi ae 6 00 +300) +4 bs * “ 0 #3 100) ~400j © : 2 Ay Me 2 ton pele) 5 Olea+s. 4, : 18.0000 ~ 680000} IBS. 6xiy ee On = HOS 9.91 1g- 3-39 FG “A” -1e0000463000) ~ or alls —2 J pe g.0td 16" | Ty = 0-013 LEU" Noe = 3007, = 300 (0.012 6 | 2 = ‘ . lia] 2023 Find the steady state Luvrent 1, when the source Voltage , Ve = love. wslwot tus yv & the uveent sourle te cht shown Selow. Ze= Zwswt Amp for the Comstraint eg™ ‘ Tez ToT, Ry ‘Desa Pa? To=Ts72, Ta 3+7, Apply KVL +0 suptamesh UM'S oye LUS =) 10-4107 (wrtoj) - AITi- Ao.> (QT, 50° (orig) - T= alatr))-C2p(3+T-0 toto; - ay 6-22, 46+ 4M =0 4tlg ~27, 20 2D, = 44gWing node a tee Caectntine u \ (lov Constraint eg? Yo-V, = 210° Vo = (24V, Apply KCL tp super nockt Vg Vy 212 40) T,-4, +24 -25=0 WL (ee) a wee “i FM away. +Vp-V, 9 ENGI Vict 3} SV. Biny F ON av, = (140.25) Vee 0, find v, fnv the, ickt shown belowg 1-12 5) - (ir 3] +N, 4079)) = (MeV) 4Va-ve) - (Ye) s 4) 0-8) — Vy tN + VV = 9:25 Voy = Wi (0.3)-1) + 2+ Vo G05; 0 Gor) Gogist). 1, VaC-10.87)) 79 -3iNo ~Vo+ Gi +12. Lea, a M@j+12) avalon 0.38) 2g Ve (200 NAG) Qj ts 0-5i(Vo-I2)—( vot Dy ava a ot 0 0+3Vo ~ 6 ~ 406257, -(2- 79-257) Vo + ay. Apply KCL 4> mocle @) T,—1,-Ly 20 Won ~ Va _ (Ve-¥, 7 2” N\A") =o WoVa ~ 0 6V5—Vs tv, 20 N\~25Vq t Vez0 (Wo) — 2-5 Va tv, = M,- 245 Vp. +Voz0 (vot?) - 205 Vat Yoo ~2Vo + QV, 4 12~ geo 9 Votl2 avy —vy ~0.25V,=fa '% (2-0-2987) ) | Vo = eae 2 : A.) a i Cg (eter Oe 4) a = Us 62.5) P2-0.29)) ee ey An ve minegf 202-028)9 | = 2Cr24gj) + Cr) (9(2-0.25)) a “O24 12) + we-3i AND 6 t : 95s Wo | fie -(4-%) ie t : ey \ + = he paral Nye bate T= 4 - = on 2 ane 1.208 B00) = OF 2 I1-03-]8-09 (3.4 [3635> Pind the volbage vel) tn the nekwotk shoun belou ” 7% ws(uotr 135") Va 426° Ve ey ajle jwl = JXUOKAY = -8i . a ree ~2F * Te Jue” jraoneay 20 (aig ad me (14-2) )<0 bpp KtL ok Va ‘Tg +RTy =! V9) 0-506 SiVy = 0-5Vy *05}5 0.5 /\3, 6G fhO-5 fr att O65 SV, ~o5Minvg Co. —o.say/ah toads? | o5;%e-j% = ef © - 0.5), — 0 5)%p + 0.5) V3 <0 I~ jVn t]¥3=0 aoa = hy i tj oJ ol = Indy) Iajrlay iy | = -1tj - C05 40.87) = Wa ligs'y VOVE Wy (He Vloslittise yy x %i) Caleulake Vo in vthe cfriurt shown below usr 7 sourle eee technique. “a Sx(Bt4H) 5tB+yy) ee A Fit ast Se § to Ht (a Ve up (2.641098,) vere te S425" a) tRiP: Noi Ra 2 Ete = 4 Py = RR 10 R= RRs vw $Balanced Three phase System _ hob ba 2 when Bphort au at (20°. ih 05 7A sath ty be balaned, oth magnituds & phare, cli} pun \ shoulck be 199° By Balanced ppy / Balanced Load. % Fmpeclences in all the phree phases | sShoulal be same. fe, anes Sas” Reita +» VP Py VSIph we cote bo aD Bats Ms an nig Yreg * Mere Veh rr (8) ep Gite nce cn e P= Svpteteee oT © p= VSVT. cusp @) p= VENT Lws¢d LK) p zVrwse © Sz ina (vad Q= vrsing | Formulas fe Average power in S-O NM oy 4 connected system p= Bvprptose m ©) pz vav.Ttoep VE ©) viegtig 1 ot real) ay Average powtt per phase = Pa) Ki > Ps VpT pws “OS VT LOS > Reactive powet = 2VpEpsing w) VEutsind 4 Reactive power per phase = Vp Lpsing 6) Apponent powts pet phose , S=Vptp % 3-9 Appoxent powlt, $= 3VeLpD> Compler power pet phase, $= rgear S = Vpte" f » S= BVpTp" | |> A 3- motor can be comidered OF % balanced stay load. Tats motoy draws 5.6KW of ‘power when the ling voltage fs gaol and the line cument fe 18.24, Deesmine the powes factor 9} the motor + For 3-D Given cosp= & A =5.6x10W & VLE 220M P= {Bvt Wsh Ty, = 1g-2A S.bxuP' wwsg cosp = 2 VB x 220X182 (TE TaTA] 2 Refer 40 the ciatust given below @ cletfemine the in dponerst acHyve power, veachve power & vornpler power atthe Source aud oe tol. 5-3 > Line imped 1o*8} > balanced lea: U0 E120’ ~5 5-4 5.2, [1b E240 > -55-45:2, Pham A (per phovr) Vp = 0G) tee ee, MO |. iit no e 2 8-ajrt8 \546) Ve 1c pol P= NAT ACosp Ks Usd ay V+ E oe Cag . 5) P= M0 X681 x tos (2: Ora l* [ : Ne -21-8 logs 242.5) P= 695.52 ) HOLS 21,6 vpe aakplwss Se -3SVpTprtonplex Oxjugale > BivpllTplsing ms tole: y @-e1 4214) = 3 [44q.1 Wu.8) Sy = 722 44.3 (ALB Sg= — (2036.5 + $34.5) 5 Sounte erdle Pe yO. ' mR! 4 Load aide F = 30%. 3 (e2 (21.8 ) to+a;) ai 2 a a2-+ 2.52)" (orgy) = 3(33-64-3189f) (tg) 2 3(540.4 -H9.-48j) (©) > 2VI Ss, 2 laa.) 4g], , 52. Lim 2 SL = [448.36 \y.<0° |, 3 (33.s4- BENG a) ops 3(104.2 5-226, u3/ BI2.AS- 644,24)Te unbalanced star load Nee ® Sarniee Wo ltage 2% SOUAee of oov and the sequence of AaB, Gleulake 0 — the Vine cwvrents ano the neutral Cuvererb roheq Zezlorsj-a , Zee G-a-1- Za ee , vk ae ea Tn=-Carn, Vo = \volo” Vp = 100 Ui20" Tas Ms Ve = twol2up’ , wal “elle a j = Me . —S0+86. a Vo =" 80+ 86.60} Lip Ve. = eet Sb 3 we 2 Ve 2 ~50 86.69] i ; 50 4 VS TB.Y* Tes Ve 2 ~50-86-60 Bo oie Cle ze 3.428—a.196) u @~ i 9.99 [= 668 Thies (Ta+ Lo+qX) 2 [ess + 8.93 [93.474 ans teehee = [666 ~0.83648.42) 43.928 ~9.196 | ae [0.052 0.24 gj} F 0.246) ~ 10.052 Obsewe the cht Shown tn given below, Here we hy an unbalt a ee on fonnection . Final the se OE NN lial ems, pare obec boy the load IS Gi) total wom pler pow: se Supplied by the ROWE, 56 Sit8s =0 I20(f = 120 120 Liao 2 “bo 1094)—7 Te apely Kv to mesh 4. iS = 120 - ST ~10(T,-T,) —_C60= 102 \20- sjTi- tor, +10D, + 60+ (b3-95 =0 180 — T, (8) +10) +107, = - 103.45 ~F Go+G) +10T, = ~ 13.9) -180 C1) Apply KVL +o mesh @) - ~ 6-03.97) + (60 -103.9j) — 10 (%-7.) ~ 10jTo = = 466-1034 ~ G6 103-4 LOT, + 10T 12 ~ 204-8) — 3, (10+I9j) + WT, =0 WT) - Tr(10410j) = 294-8; —@) a: ~io-5j «10 Ty feo” . 2 re ~ 10-10 Ty 204.8) € 10-9)) C10-10;) ~ 100 =o | 504169 - 100 + 10h 109) +59 +50 196 = 0 d, = [-'80-!03.945 10 | oo 10-10 =F 180-103.4) 19-10) — Cio)(2pq.g,) FE 2SYj — 27K) 24.3 #18004 IG00; 4 1034) + 1039 QO, = 2839+ 28397 4614461)A ~Wv-5) = ~180 eel a Lo 204.35 E105) (209.85) - Cre)(-180 -103-45) — 2048) - 103% + 00 + 1034; 2434 +1039) at g 45 ' ACLH SEY 2 go -C.08gs se 6 LESH" \S0j-50 [189-2078 Cin. lo T= 14s a Te O25 283441034 2 x SB ep ataarus 1356-19-17 19. 38.3) ° ~ Sorisg o O.656-19IU a!hgorer sat aid site ans ne reed Network Theovem =o donc ution vit linear > Superposition Theorem (aequive Unean fruits) »dis ad Supers positror Ni i . Lye nm v cele summation of all excitation = eee pr = oh ata N —> I, Waves —y Ty tT, +. Seen a tty Vy — Ty Va —> I. 3 > T+ slates: that. in an ‘\inear) efreust scontaining muttiele jadepeadent sources, the current 01) vo Hage at any point of the network may be caleulated as algebraic igure of -the indivrdual wontibution of each source acting alone, when determing the conteloution/ of particular independen we disable jthe remaining independent sources Sounsce cvte made 270 dee, alt the semaining VOLPE ~SOUneeS by making them ashork cuit aud all the remaining Cuustent Ssousies Ott rnade Zt¥0 by peplacing them wir an ogth_eirturt. uy Ty the dependent sourie fs present, active Cunalted’) during the process xX qhe Tesporse obtained by applying och Source one at a time oe then added algeenarally 4o obtain a complete it muet remain of supesposition, Solution. } Find the T in Gn. veststor! using superposition principle st shouon | oeloud. for the aru 3a. step li Keeping ev vo lage. ourte & deactiving 2A 6v@ ben. Goan turrent Aout Ce | a , ; — | OTe he HA, 6 Pr 6a. entn cht BNF Bhs3. AXD 2 BAK 2 Cur . ~3,-6(1, a Pepying sPey 2 T4Tq -3T,-6t, 41220 © 0.6640-66 [= = 1-320) FAD e712 4 As D Find the uxrent flowing nina aa using suprypost tion pring ple. 6 ing, 10) cure! ea “sounce ? deactvesing ia @vy = , Tye 1X =0.a3A" z anes a a step 2 4 : ia Pate, Bib = nestetahces x ai \ - \ der nb of 247 : t wa Tigta . = z Tye 066x3 -! T= Q.66A }otoial wroud = 0,93- 0,29 24+24| D Find the eusnent Ta for the’ chreuit shown below Bnd 2A 24 -an- 22 are° a @3r), F.z3A), KeL at @) T= t-4 wad a Qrturs, O3z tT, = Wo3T) a 443— = 0.5\,-1.5T, o eM 18 9¢A +297, Vv At 20ST: Ye ‘a oS -V vy te V4 +5(P) viet 3 166M 2.66V, 214 | | ein cathe oe ee tHS 4y Find the oe vovtage Valo wing Supt ence) Hote skep bt diay aioe as : pa 2\ab i alo ~Val we = 4 -UVab =0 t Ses Val, + 3Vab,'+ I9X2 =.0 ; Vab,= ee ) N go\ra12023 5> Find “x in the network shown below * using supes position TReorun. \ ske Lt Ginneuct remove } aK Bea aS nk a =e 3 jee @ ADK. wed ea = Qev : Qoreyaee On | ras 1o.K BE: } or ; PF = 20m -6V=0 Dov Dig Z sev ~4 z,! \\l* ’ re Yt i Sepa! Kaping 4HmA ewnent source of Ohi pK ! ! 12. a v Cea = Rive 2 SY Be $12 a 1+) 12x12 21 \ a +2 | > 8K. bes MSR oma 30x103 Guout dividou > Te = 4x xian pa \SKAIK 2 Byte PS ~0-BMA+0-8MA Bis 46x 2 gxipta l2Ket2K a Eas Ty Ty Uma laze aS i laxloT! —12@"—Ty)=c ~122q -l2ty-tarx-0") <0 ~ OT" 2T"4 Ty PD," A's o N2Ta- 12x10 ay) 12 Ta HlaT "25 — 24x10" TREK ~ 48 x10 yo Ty - 12 tT" ~36Tx +127," “3 = Wena 128s - 12 Gl-Ty)20 —12T9" - 15Ty"412T, 2d Ni » 2i\jaltor3 ? contributes most of the in gure power dessipated In Qn vesteto7, Also detrmine the value of owe? desst patton 4 Using Supypo4t Hon Ver 0 SU1A Ya lp, ae 0 By, a Louis dy Dependent a gurtees +i => | cru FT ora A 8 $C ued Vee Tesco , Ron = Vor : Tee. Thevenin’s 7 independ aan yw Bh>® VaSC & Ta crate tra Scans pala 2) ec pwby Run's Ty states that & Uneay two texminall ciecut® can be veplated by om equivalent crcuit consisting of a v0ltas sounce. Vih In series with a reste: Reh, Where Veh is the open circuit voltage at the terminals ana Rih fg the input of equivalent , resistance oot the terminals Anen the independent svirtes ant duinecl OFE 61) Ren 16 the ratio of the open ciecule wlkage to the short circuit Cwotent ak the kiminal point» YeuProcedure for finding Rth ly Three different types of circuits muy be entountered while determining Rtn, Cont Ty the chrcuit tontatns only independent ¢ sourles and vesistots, deactivate the sourtes and find Rh by ciruwit sceduttion techniques. “Trdependent averent sourtes ane deactivated by opening them & andepender voltage sources ate deact ved by shorting them. Cone @ eps the: ePrturt | wontains mestetors, independ Spunces & Aependent sourtes then C1) Determine the oo Prcust voltage Voc with the Sources activated . GYD Findithe short chruft cusment Tec uohen a short civuit fs applied to the load’ BING ala. Gi) Pen =, Moc Tse | , Ge 3: Ty the ciriuit wntainsg resistors & only depenclent Sources. +1 @ Woe = 0 , Sinte thee one no energy Adunces, GD Gannett 2A cwwrent Source actoss the load terminal amd determine the voltage aross’ it, (it) Rh = | \1) Using thevenin's Theorem find the) Wworent Zi throug the a resistor fn the cistuit shown below + sn ~ sep tt. To bind Vee = Mh So) \= 60 =i + Sen 8 1d oat i 50-52~20t=0, venge ZR So = 957 r- SE.Q\¥20 [GETS Veo Van = Hove, Skp&: To bind Reh ' wi 0 (SV 20) = 9420 tae y $430) “gee i: ea HReh OO 4hey sgn 415 HEA! {i Skp 34 To deaw ‘Theenin’s equivalent frouit Rinse bo ype et ag! tp! ov 4o =10r V2) Find the Thevenin's, equivalent circus wit vespect ie terminals A&B for the Circuit shown below. = en zi soa Sep 1% Te fia Vee = Vth. Te te 10 FE e 90 -61 +2T~6I =D V2ZR 2 2x6 20 -!0I =0 7 _— [Men = Tay’Apply kvL to mesh C1) 20 -6Ty+ 27, —6(T,-Th)=0 62, - I= : \ 1 SHAS Aol fina era Sn ' 13.6 Gy = Veer Dae’ = le.ee% ; Tet 0-88 tos 2Q- 6Ty~ 27 ~6(Ta-Th)=0 loLh - 206 BT yt Wy 2Th Late 20 -6Ty +@Tbs0 20 -14Tg t8Ty 20 WI Vf q 2-6Ta +27 —6Tat6Tb=0 20 - 62a +2Ta—-2Tb~6Ta t6Tin=0 D0 - 10Ty +uR % aHielr2o2 2D Find ‘the Thevenin’s equivalent civwit os seen for the teunind aq b Jor the cParcuit shown below ‘a im Qr-—-SE—HE HO > ms jzE=o0) jzE=o0) oF wo Fa a (0A 55 ahat swe need 40 opie ow b AA cawurent source 12 oper Crunit fice 9M Arey! Kel 4 mock Va. . -2-2, 5 Contras 2 Mla D- 2-7, =) 7; onotrainegs \~ ve. (Va-22) 9 © T= ve lo Ss ENS, '- 0-1Va - 0.2Va'+ 0.7 20 Ren a ~03VRLowip ar -0. 3a Oo <7 o- OM a forervasdt , oe ja = 333.30 b D Determine Thevenin’s blu the thetamindk att ¢ A cau" Psat the Grout shown below. a yete Nottage, zs Os Pes ww is vyWRe lvoe Van, 2 a Vi 4 . Voi i ss (1-4 - 05 vq 20 T, “I, - %5vx = 0 i, \ Zi e052 T= 0.25Va +05 Ty = 0-458) Rne VA = ot se) Re : - Rin = Mas 1339| &> Find Vo in the, ciruit shown meow, Using Thevingn's TReotem. Cowl. os \a | bo &. 12- okto? Cr, quxw"3) ~ ax to? (t,-5)* © 12+ xi022y + 2H — Sxw7T, + 3xi0%T, 20 36 —4xwer ayer, <0) Ty cum * pepy KVL to muh (3) 1 - uxi02Cr, 4x10) — Woe = 2X10? (Tg -T))=0 =u, 416 —Vor - 3X10, + SXF, 20 0 ' \ — FxPFE, —2x1022, + 16-Vor =0 ed pence p -sxw?(4xie3)4(6 = Von 8 FID+16 =Voc (Wa =2a) 6 2 O6XS_ 185. 2K bo Pen = Sar ta ° 2tus 6KA- TGA ah hha Mtan RoI (Rin GE) x Xo? an se NewssBtb, 2 seeF See sre : VFR 6Eq | + —6xw3T — 2x2 4 og =0 c® 2k Vo POXi0f = 7 28 Lae ah z= 28 ut = 3-SX10) =. exi0' 34 2! 01] OF, S Pind the TRevinik's equivalent cteeurt shown below by open! elewult Voltage and shoir circuit custent . Solve t ¥ Sclve the same cintuit for, TRevinin’s -resistante by remoy, the independent source, + Gmpane Ane resulls f both qe capes. “ : Apply Kel to Me W5> dy Ty ge M 95 pet Phy 1.5 2.0.12 Sut 0 -02.510.~ 0° (2.26 2 0-03t5Va Apply cL ot mod A, 82 Tectay 15> Wao 4 tatoo 2 “Tp 7° 20 165 - 0.08Va = 0.03% = 0.02Na—0.45, fas) 15 = 0-05 Va 0.025Va40.45 Ran = ec OS = QeXS = 0.04SVa Ts find Rn by removing independeut sovsices, 40 My ety Gnbbtensee. i 2 GolL6o) ee eee> The WWhealstone ” oridge crue shown, uf in big ure rs toalanted when RNS 1200-2, Gy the wale anal ERY" Bas a How much cusmment will be cletucled atsistante of 30, ts unbalanced pene by. the galvanometty ushen the tds by setting R to 1Q0U-. Step | fy ae laout+800 —_ Apply KvL tb poh RoyAVW-7%00 Nah = 4 Nah $4005, = 12940, = 0 Neg 2! Bb ae Maes { St-1204-L0.05) Vly = ~A00l0.08) + 12014(0-038) yw = Sv — Ne a ey Bh = Tee 60 ‘tu (6o0} 400) + + (joufkov) eee 20 GooxGD 1204x800 ae 20N*E Fa {204 +600 > -b40.6FT 9 ay 2 Sot 480.6>8 See ee 7 env GHT) = Lelpobrist = ¢40.64B® Refer to the civust show below. Find the thevenin’s | egut valent cbru'+ gk the oy) Fey = Tov SL , fea) lo ny j ( Sxi0 ee “SHO ~ leminal of 2 9 1 Lah Bm | Te v 0 jan Vo ae lov IV 40 1 V2ZR V = 3X3.33 44S 10