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Tutorial 2 (Q) 2023

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EEL1196 Tutorial 2 – Indicating Instruments 2022/2023

1) (Finals 2018) Assume that the deflection torque, Td of an indicating instrument is


proportional to square root of the current. If the instrument utilises spring control
and a current of 4A produces deflection of 30º, what will be the required current
to produce a deflection angle of 45°? (Answer: I= 9A)

2) (Midterm 2017) A moving-iron ammeter detects an input current to produce a


deflection torque of, Td = 1.25 x 10-6 Nm and a corresponding deflection of, θ =
45°. Determine the control spring constant, k in Nm/rad. (Answer: k =1.59 X 10-6
Nm/rad)

3) (Finals 2019) A shunt resistor is connected across a direct-current (DC)


moving-iron ammeter as shown in Figure Q3. It is given that the meter
resistance, Calculate the value of required to extend the current
range from 100mA to 1A. Assume that meter current, and
(Answer: RS = 100 Ω)
IM RM
I

IS RS
Figure Q3

4) The inductance of a moving iron instrument is given by L = (10+5-2)H, where 


is the deflection in radians from zero position. The spring constant is 12×10-6
Nm/rad. Estimate the deflection for a current of 5A. (Answer: θ = 1.69 rad or
96.8º)

5) The moving coil of a PMMC milli-ammeter has 60turns, a width of 20mm and a
length of 30mm. The working field is uniform and radial, of value 50mT.
(a) Find the deflecting torque of the coil when carrying a current of 2.5mA.
(Answer: Td = 4.56 x 10-6Nm)
(b) The deflection produced for a current of I mA is 90. Find the deflection of
pointer for a current of I/4 mA, if the control torque is provided by (i) spring
control (ii) gravity control. (Answer: θ = 22.5º and θ = 14.47º).

6) (MT1 main 2020) Figure Q6 shows a multi-range permanent magnet moving


coil (PMMC) voltmeter with a resistance, and full-scale current of
Determine the values of the series resistors, and to extend the
range of the meter to measure voltages of and respectively.
(Answer: R1 = 400 Ω, R2 = 900 Ω and R3 = 1400 Ω).
EEL1196 Tutorial 2 – Indicating Instruments 2022/2023

PMMC
R1

+ RM R2

R3

-
Figure Q6

7) (Supp 2018) A permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) voltmeter has 100 scale
divisions and coil length of 10 cm and width of 6 cm with 90 turns. If the meter
resistance is 10 kΩ, estimate the resistance which must be placed in series with
the coil to give full-scale voltage measurement of 100 V at a magnetic flux
density, . Assume the voltmeter utilises spring control with a spring
constant of and the full-scale deflection angle is 90°.
(Answer: RSR = 7.19kΩ)

8) (Midterm 2022) You have a dynamometer type instrument with a full-scale


deflection of 180°. Given that the product of the moving coil (I2) and fixed coil (I1)
currents is equal to 2 μA. Find the corresponding deflection angle, θ in rads. Assume
that spring control is used and that the spring constant value is .
(Answer: ϴ = 22.92°)

Self-exercise Questions:

9) (Finals 2014) A spring-controlled, moving iron ammeter has an inductance of L =


(θ2 - 3θ + 4) µH, where θ is the deflection angle in radians from zero position.
1 dL
Given that the deflection torque is Td = I 2 , estimate the amount of current
2 d
that will cause a deflection of 1.8 radians. The spring constant is 13×10-6 Nm/rad.
(Answer: I = 8.83A)

10) (Finals 2014) A spring controlled PMMC type multimeter is as shown in Figure
Q10 below.
(a) What is the full-scale deflection (FSD) reading if the multimeter is used as: (i)
voltmeter, and (ii) ammeter?
(b) At FSD, the multimeter has a deflecting angle of 80º. Calculate the amount of
current flowing through the internal coil when the deflecting angle reduces to 45º.
(Answer: I = 4.5mA)
(c) Without shunt/multiplier resistor, the multimeter gives a reading of 0.1FSD in
Part(a) above. Deduce the (i) shunt resistor, and (ii) multiplier resistor added in
the multimeter if it has a internal coil resistance of 500Ω. (Answer: RS = 55.56Ω,
RSR = 4.5kΩ)
EEL1196 Tutorial 2 – Indicating Instruments 2022/2023

Figure Q10

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