UCSP — 2ND QUARTER REVIEWER

not inherent or natural but are created

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, by society.
SOCIETY AND POLITICS
➔ IDENTITY
the distinctive characteristic that
Culture, society, and politics are
defines an individual or is shared by
concepts .They cannot be seen or
those belonging to a particular group
touched and yet they influence the
way we see and experience our
SOCIAL REALITIES: BEHAVIOR
individual and collective lives as
social beings. AND PHENOMENON
It can be observed that human
Concepts are created and have been behavior is propelled by powerful
used to have firm grasp of a motivators. These motivators may be
phenomenon in the form of values and beliefs.

Pierce (1998, p. 332) describes a ➔ VALUES

concept as "the rational purport of a are our moral beliefs shaped by
word or a conception." culture and experiences, guiding our
decisions and interactions in society.
Turning a phenomenon into a concept ➔ BELIEFS
involves making it more rational by are accepted as true without
carefully analyzing it to determine its necessarily having verifiable evidence,
essential aspects, rather than just forming firm opinions or convictions.
using the term automatically.
DEFINITION OF ANTHROPOLOGY,
STUDENTS AS SOCIAL BEINGS POLITICAL SCIENCE AND
Our lives are influenced by powerful SOCIOLOGY
forces that shape how we live and the Discipline derives from the latin,
categories we fall into, such as male discipulus, which literally means, “to
or female, rich or poor, tall or short, learn”; specific perspective or focus.
and even the impact of our skin color.
These forces often operate without us SOCIOLOGY
realizing their impact, affecting us in - came from the Latin word socius –
various ways. means companion and Greek word
logos - means to study
Our social interactions are shaped by - a systematic study of human
the categories we're assigned by relationship along with human society
society, like labels that determine our and interaction
worth and value. These categories are
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- was born in EUROPE (Germany, - His landmark study of suicide helped

England and France) during the period establish sociology as a distinct field,
of the industrial revolution in the late separate from anthropology,
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries psychology, philosophy, religion, and
literature.
➔ SOCIAL FORCES ★ Max Weber (1864-1920)
represent a constellation of unseen yet - A pioneer in sociology, he highlighted
powerful forces influencing the the role of rationalization in societal
behavior of individuals and development.
institutions - Rationalization refers to the world
➔ SOCIAL MAP becoming disenchanted as people
pinpoints a person's economic and increasingly adopt a scientific and
political position, suggesting that rational approach to understanding it.
these coordinates determine their
lifelong opportunities and constraints ANTHROPOLOGY
- came from a Latin word anthropos-
The first set of sociologists : means man and Greek word logos -
★ Auguste Comte (1798-1857) means to study.
- the father of the discipline for having - focuses on human diversity around
coined the term sociology the world. Anthropologists look at
- focused on the idea of improving the cross-cultural differences in social
development of the society and how it institutions, cultural beliefs, and
operates. communication styles.
- introduced the term Positivism - has been pejoratively called "a child of
through his book entitled Course on colonization" because discoverers of
Positive Philosophy (1830- 1842) new territories were always
★ Karl Marx (1818-1883) accompanied by missionary
- called as the father of modern documenters (a.k.a. ethnographers).
socialism as he is called as the father
of modern socialism. BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
- disagreed with Comte's positivism, 1. Cultural Anthropology - Study of
instead believing that societies evolve human societies and cultures,
through class struggles over the examining variations and progress in
means of production, leading to terms of culture, and analyzing social
development and progress. life forms and styles.
★ Emile Durkheim (1858-1997) 2. Linguistic Anthropology - Study of
- French social thinker, exceptionally human language, including its origins,
instrumental in the formalization and history, and contemporary variation, as
later recognition of sociology as the well as communication.
new science of the study of society
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3. Archaeology - Study of past human

cultures through material remains and
artifacts.
4. Biological Anthropology - Study of
humans as biological organisms,
including evolution and contemporary
variation.
5. Applied Anthropology - Application of
anthropological methods and theories
to solve social, political, and economic
problems.

POLITICAL SCIENCE
- political came from Greek word
"polis" means city-state and science
comes from Latin word "scire" which
means to know
- the systematic study of government
and politics, analyzing political
systems and behaviors to make
generalizations and predictions
- can be traced from the workings of
the ancient Greek political philosophy
of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle and
later developed into religious-oriented
tradition beginning with Augustine
and secularized by Machiavelli, c,
Locke, and Rousseau.