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Chemistey Project

The document discusses trends in physical properties across the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity. It explains how each property changes when moving left to right within a period and up and down within a group.

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akshatraghuvanshi79
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14 views

Chemistey Project

The document discusses trends in physical properties across the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain enthalpy, and electronegativity. It explains how each property changes when moving left to right within a period and up and down within a group.

Uploaded by

akshatraghuvanshi79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MUSKAN PUBLIC SCHOOL,

ASHOK NAGAR
ACADEMIC YEAR :2023-24

PROJECT REPORT ON
CHEMICAL PERIODICITY
NAME : Akshat Raghuvanshi, Kartik Raghuvanshi,
Jitendra Raghuvanshi, Depend Yadav
CLASS : XI 'Math/Bio'
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
SUB CODE : 043
PROJECT GUIDE : MR. DEVANSH TRIPATHI
PGT
(CHEMISTRY)
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that cadets Akshat Raghuvanshi,


Depend Yadav, Jitendra Raghuvanshi, Kartik
Raghuvanshi successfully completed the Art
integrated project work on Chemical periodicity in
the subject chemistry (043) laid down in the
regulation of CBSE for purpose of Practical
Examination in class XI to be held in Muskan Public
School, Ashok Nagar.

External Examiner's Principal


Signature Signature/seal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are wish to express with deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to our learn teacher, Mr. Devansh Tripathi
PGT Chemistry, Muskan public school, Ashok Nagar for
invaluable advice and guidance the preparation of this
project.
We are also greatly indebted to our Principal
Mr. Antony Jose and school authorities for making his
project work.
Finally, we are indebted to our family, friends and those
people who had helped us in completing this project.

Date: All Group Members


Chemistry
Mendeleev's periodic law

 "The properties of the elements are a


periodic function of their atomic weights."

 Mendeleev arranged elements in


horizontal rows and vertical columns of
a table in order of their increasing
atomic weights in such a way that the
elements with similar properties
occupied the same vertical column or
group .
Division of Periodic Table

 S-Block Elements : The elements of group 1 and 2 which


have ns1 and ns2 outermost electronic configuration
belong to the s-block elements and these are also highly
electropositive elements.
 P-Block Elements : The elements of group 13 to
18 which have [ ns2np1 to ns2np6 ] outermost electronic
configuration belong to the p-block elements . These
elements are generally non-metals' they can acidic oxides
and have high ionization potential energy, These are
also known as representative element
.
 D-Block Elements :These are the elements of group 3
to 12 in the center of the table. And have [ (n-1)d1-10
ns1-2 ] outermost electronic configuration, these
elements shows variable valency and form complex
compound. These element are also known as transition
elements.

 F-Block Elements :These are elements which belongs to


the bottom of the periodic table, called the
lanthanoids and actinoids . And have [ (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-
1 ns2 ] outermost electronic configuration, these element
also shows variable valency, form ionic compounds and
give coloreds ions. And also known as inner-transition
elements.
Trends in
physical
properties
We will be studying,
1) Atomic radius.
2) Ionic radius.
3) Ionization enthalpy.
4) Electron gain enthalpy.
5) Electronegativity.
Atomic Size or Radius
• It is defined as the distance between the
center of nucleus and the outermost shell of
electrons.
• The atomic size generally decreases across a
period as for the element of the second
period. It is because within the period the
outer most electrons are in the
same valence shell and
the atomic number increases.
• This result in increased attraction between
nucleus and the electron. It
also decreases from left to right
as principal quantum number increases.
• It also increases down a group as the number
of shells increases.
Ionic radius

• The effective distance from the center of the


nucleus of an ion up to which it has an
influence on its electron cloud is called ionic
radius.
• This is due to electron repulsion.
• Ionic radii decrease gradually on moving
from left to right in a period. The size of
atom and ion decrease with increase in nuclear
charge.
• Ionic radius gradually
increase on moving down the group, it is due
to the addition of new orbit in an atom.
Ionization Enthaply or Potential
• It is the minimum energy required to remove an
electron from the ground state of the isolated atom.
• FIRST IONIZATION ENERGY(I1) - energy needed to
remove the (outermost electron); I1 < I2< I3
*Small atoms are expected to have high IE because
their valence electron are nearer and more strongly
attracted to the nucleus.
• TRENDS: within each group, IE with increasing atomic
number due to the in size.
• And within each period, IE with increasing atomic
number due to increase in Zeff
Electron gain enthalpy

• It is energy that is released when an isolated atom gain


an electron and converts into an anion . This energy is
called electron gain enthalpy.
• 1st Electron gain enthalpy is always negative, but 2nd
Electron gain enthalpy is always positive.
• Its decrease on moving down to group, due to size of
element increase and the effective nuclear charge
decreases.
• And increase on moving left to right in a period, due to
decrease in atomic radius.
Electronegativity
• It is an ability in a chemical compound to attract shared
electrons to itself.
• It is increase across a period from left to right and
decrease down a group in a period table.

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