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Week 9 Notes

This document provides useful equations for analyzing compressible gas flow, including Bernoulli's equation, the ideal gas law, relationships between pressure, density and temperature for adiabatic processes, equations for choked flow involving critical pressure, mass flux and speed of sound, and an equation for compressor power. Key variables and their symbols and units are defined.

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Bowei Zhang
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20 views

Week 9 Notes

This document provides useful equations for analyzing compressible gas flow, including Bernoulli's equation, the ideal gas law, relationships between pressure, density and temperature for adiabatic processes, equations for choked flow involving critical pressure, mass flux and speed of sound, and an equation for compressor power. Key variables and their symbols and units are defined.

Uploaded by

Bowei Zhang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEE2003 Week 9 Tutorial

Compressible Flow

1. Useful Equations for Gas Flow


1.1. Bernoulli’s equation (adiabatic)
2 2
k P1 v 1 k P2 v 2
+ + z 1= + +z
k−1 ρ1 g 2 g k −1 ρ2 g 2 g 2

1.2. Ideal gas law

P= ρRT ⇔ ρ=
P P 2 ρ2 T 2
=
RT P 1 ρ1 T 1
⇔
ρ 1 P2 T 2
=
ρ 2 P1 T 1 ( )
1.3. Adiabatic process

P1 P2
k
= k
=constant
ρ1 ρ2

1.4. P, ρ, T relationships (ideal gas & adiabatic)

( ) ( )
k k
P 2 ρ2 T2 k −1
= =
P 1 ρ1 T1

( ) ( )
1 1
ρ2 T 2 k−1 P2 k
= =
ρ1 T 1 P1

( ) ( )
k −1 k−1
T 2 P2 k ρ2
= =
T 1 P1 ρ1

1.5. Hint for Q1 (a)

P 1 P2 P1
− =
ρ1 ρ2 ρ1 [
1−
ρ 1 P2 P 1
¿
P1 ρ 2 ρ 1 ] [ ( ) ] [ ]
ρ P P
ρ 2 P1 ρ 1
T
1− 1 2 ¿ 1 1− 2
T1

*Given by substituting the ideal gas law.


2. Useful Equations for Choked Flow
2.1. Critical pressure (when Ma = 1)

( )
Poutlet 2
k
= k−1
P reservoir k + 1

2.2. Mass flux

√ (( ) ( ) )
2 k+1
ṁ 2k P2 k P2 k
= P1 ρ 1 −
A k−1 P1 P1

ṁ=ρvA

2.3. Speed of sound

c= √ kRT

2.4. Mach number

v
Ma=
c

3. Compressor Power

ṁ c p ∆ T
P=
ε

4. List of symbols used


Symbol Description Unit
k Heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) Dimensionless
P Pressure Pa or N m−2
−3
ρ Density kg m
−2
g Gravitational acceleration ms
−1
v Velocity of gas flow ms
z Height m
−1 −1
R Gas constant Jk g K
T Temperature K
−1
ṁ Mass flowrate kg s
2
A Cross-sectional area m
−1
c Speed of sound ms
Ma Mach number Dimensionless
cp Specific heat capacity −1 −1
Jk g K
ε Compressor efficiency Dimensionless

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