THE IMPACT OF BODY SHAMING ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT

ST FRANCIS CARACCIOLO CULINARY ACADEMY

A Research Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department of

St Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy

Sto Domingo, Vinzons, Camarines Norte

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 2

AGNO, YUL RICHDASCO

AZURES, CHIRENE VILLAMONTE

CORTEZ, MELDIE QUINONES

OGAD, FRANCHESCA OBAL

RANEDA, ALLENE VILLANUEVA

REYES, JANICE REPOLLO

2023
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Many students are aware of their flaws, they are highly exposed to pressure

brought upon the norms and standards of the society. The Millennial dependent on

social life are to keep and to have proper image, be better, get stronger of knowing

that they are not an only, because every individual has an imperfections. However,

day by day and little by little our society becoming newer and newer such as; making

face filters on the internet, using app editor to achieve what an individual want in his

or her body, using expensive make ups for the beauty magazines, slim lady are the

ones who can be an model or artist, etc.—With the pressure of social media, peers,

family, and other matters of an individual, the students or an individual wants to look

in a certain way.

Some people criticizes the physical appearance of a person such as the body

shaming, a people who makes an inappropriate and negative comments about other

person’s weight or size- it has become normal to criticize other’s body because many

believes that it is just an opinion while in fact their words can scar a person. A

person’s body composure, skin colour, a person’s dark spots, their hair, and

asymmetrical faces; this negative unnecessary opinion about every one’s body can

scar them potentially and lead a person to have low-esteem, anger issues, self-harm,

anxiety and depression, and eating disorder. Consequently, the teens may engage in

negative self-talk as they internalize these feelings of worthlessness. According to

Carlogero, self-objectification explains the psychological process by which women

internalize people’s objectification of their bodies that resulting them to constantly

criticize their own body. Objectification theory argues that women who self-objectify
internalize an outsider’s perspective of themselves and therefore tend to define their

self-concept based on their appearance instead of focusing on the capability of their

body (Fredrickson & Robert, 1997). A person’s negative thoughts about their

personality or the body become more intense because body shaming affect the persons

objectification.

Psychologists and academics aims specialising in media effects on the body

and mind agree that body shaming and fat shaming has likely always been a problem

in modern society to a degree. However, with the invention of the internet and social

media flat forms, public commentary on all matters all time high including the

bullying and shaming an individual for their weight and appearance. The researchers

purposes are to raise awareness, to prevent the negative doings of the people that

affects the society because people are tend to develop something to their-selves such

as a person’s self-esteem and to remind people that imperfections are normal because

each individual have it. The importance of our study is to distribute more knowledge

and develop better perspective about it. The bad behaviour which is the bullying

results fear, shame, embarrassment, and guilt to the victim—these feeling

disempowers a person’s passion on things, or basically their selves. Bullying are

everywhere, it could happened at school, social media, mall, or even at home.

According to the Republic Act No. 10627(RA 10627) also known as Anti-

bullying Act, the pervasiveness of bullying at schools, more and more parents are

concerned about their children’s safety since teachers are not always present to keep

an eye on the student. Children are not safe from harm against bullies especially when

they are outside of the school campus. The growing number of bullying cases is

already a cause alarm, it addresses this concern among parents, teachers, and even

students who considered victims of bullying—this anti-bullying act ensures the cases
to lessen or stop and will be banned on the society, these cases will no longer fall on

deaf ears.

It is inevitable to admit that the Philippines is one of the countries who

extremely experience bullying that causes body shaming bullying that causes body

shaming specifically to a student. Most of the cases happens in the school where

every students have the freedom to play and express their self and to make friends

with others, but somehow students becoming a sharp talker which is below the belt

about their actions and wording to a specific person, and it became more alarming

when the students or the victims committed suicide. The schools in CamarinesNorte

also experienced this controversial issue, be it on private and public schools—it is

undeniable that some of the students in St Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy are

also the victims regarding to them as a well-being and because of this it causes them a

negative effects in their mental health and physical health.

In this study, the researcher aims to evaluate and determine the total number of

Grade 12 TVL, ABM, HUMSS, and GAS students who are dealing with criticism

regarding to their own body in self objectification to the students of St Francis

Caracciolo Culinary Academy.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to assess and determine the Impact of Body Shaming on the

Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo

Culinary Academy.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?

1.1 Age
 1.2 Sex

1.3 Grade Level and Track

2. What are the Impact of Body Shaming on the Academic Performance of Senior

High School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy in terms of?

2.1 Psychological Aspect

2.2 Emotional Aspect

2.3 Academic Aspect

HYPOTHESES STATEMENT

Null Hypothesis: There are no significant impact of body shaming on the

academic performance of Senior High School at St Francis Caracciolo Culinary

Academy, INC.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant impact of body shaming on the

academic performance of Senior High School at St Francis Caracciolo Culinary

Academy, INC.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study would be beneficial to the following:

COMMUNITY: The result of this study will provide awareness to the

community that no one is different when it comes to the imperfections or flaws of our

body.

PARENT/GUARDIAN: This study will help the parents or guardians in

giving some advice, guidance and preventive measures in criticizing bodies and be

aware in every words coming from their mouth.

 STUDENTS: This study gives information on how the students should deal

with criticism and on how it could affect in their daily lives and their well-being, and

to their everyday life.

TEACHERS: This study will guide teachers and give them an idea on how to

handle students who have experienced criticism and help find solution to the

particular problem arising inside their room and the school campus. Underpin

professional learning of knowledge, skills and understanding.

RESEARCHERS THEMSELVES: Through this study, the researchers will

be able to participate actively in giving advice and awareness about body shaming.

FUTURE RESEARCHER: This research will serve as a guide, a valid piece

of information and reference in pursuing further study about The Impact of Body

Shaming on the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of St. Francis

Caracciolo Culinary Academy.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study focused on the impact of body shaming on the academic

performance of senior high school students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary

Academy. The researchers used quantitative methods or random sampling sets of

respondents. The study was conducted among Eighty five (85) students/respondents

who studied currently in St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy. The study will be

conducted in St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy of school year 2022-2023.

For the delimitations of the study, all participating students/respondents were

enrolled and currently studying in St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To facilitate better appreciation and comprehension, the following important

terms have been defined operationally and occasionally:

BODY SHAMING - To criticize someone based on their shape, size, or appearance

of their body. Body shaming can negatively affect the mentality of young people,

which in return can often cause a negative behaviour to the victim.

BULLYING - Is an ongoing and deliberate misuse of power in relationships

throughout repeated verbal, physical and social behaviour that intends to physical,

social and psychological harm. It can involve an individual or a group misusing their

power, or perceived power, over one or more persons who feel unable to stop it from

happening.

CRITICISM - A remark or commenting to someone’s body appearance or them as a

person that express disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived

faults or mistakes.

DEPRESSION - An illness that involves body, mood, and thoughts and that affects

the way a person eats, sleeps, feels, about their self, and how a person thinks about

things.

MENTAL HEALTH - Is the level of psychological well-being or an absence of

mental illness. It is the state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of

emotional and behavioural adjustment.

SELF OBJECTIFICATION - Is when people view themselves as objects for use

instead of as human beings.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies on the impact of body

shaming on the academic performance of senior high school of St. Francis Caracciolo

Culinary Academy. It also discussed the synthesis of the state of-the-art, bridging the

gap, theoretical framework and conceptual framework, that includes the ideas,

finished thesis, generalization or conclusions, methodologies, and others.

RELATED LITERATURE

Presented in this section are the related literature coming from books and any

other related articles related to our study.

Humiliation and embarrassment about one's appearance often accompanies

feelings of shame and feel as if they have failed to meet societal standards and

expectations (Burnette, Hoyt, Dweck,&Gussman, 2017). Rumination and other

coping strategies can be used to combat the feelings of shame society places on the

individual. Combative strategies are presented differently in each individual person.

Some examples include: striking out at others with words, binge eating or starvation,

and intense negative self-evaluation of one's own body (Gilbert, 2011).

According to (Rita H, 2022), Adolescents who are illiterate will not reply to

these remarks, but those who find it difficult to accept criticism from their

environment often place the responsibility on themselves. (Rita H, 2022).

The longitudinal relationships between sexual objectification and three types

of internalized racism (i.e., self-negativity, weakness stereotype, and appearance bias)

with body shame among Asian American college women (N=146), guided by the

tenet of the objectification theory that sexual objectification and racism are powerful

sociocultural forces that adversely affect the mental health of women of colour,

examined by (Christian Angelo A, 2019). This study examines the lives of children

who have experienced body shaming, how it impacts their lives and well-being, the

types of care they require, their experiences with school and their surroundings on a

daily basis, and how to help them.

Based on the result from the chi-squared test of (Vivien Lorraine D, 2020) that

tested the hypothesis of this study if the social perception has significant relationship

to body shaming. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between

social perception and body shaming. The results also show that social perception is a

predictor of the existence of body shaming experience of Filipino men. Therefore,

body shaming has minimal impact on Filipino men, but because of the high level of

sensitivity from social perception towards their body, Filipino men give more

attention to what other people think about their physical appearance. Hence, social

perception has an impact on the existence of body shaming experience of Filipino

men.

The Me-too movement, fallacies about rape culture, and the enjoyment

difference between men and women are all examined by Meredith Ralston in Slut-

Shaming, Whore-phobia, and the Unfinished Sexual Revolution to show how sexually

liberated women pose a challenge to the patriarch, (Merodith Ralston, 2021).

Physical appearance perfectionism (PAP) is prevalent in the Philippines.

Based on the Studies have shown by (Julien Celina D, 2023), body features such as

the colour of one’s skin, height, weight, hair length, and clothing one wears are often

a cause for discrimination in schools and workplaces. This study aimed to analyse the
relationship between PAP, mental health, discrimination, and other socio-

demographic variables. A questionnaire, which included the Physical Appearance

Perfectionism Scale, was distributed via convenience sampling to Filipino youth aged

18 to 30 residing in the Philippines. Data collected from 959 Filipino youth

demonstrated that physical appearance perfectionism is high: specifically, the sub-

domain of Worry about imperfection. Significant stress and depression were risk

factors for PAP in all respondents for both perfectionism domains and, particularly,

the sexually diverse youth. Notably, social media.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

As the people weights have emerged become a public health priority in many

countries due to their predicts regarding to the serious morbidities later in life, in

terms of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and a range of cancers. Every person’s body

have their own natural existence, their curly hair are genesis, or being a black in other

country such as in Africa, and being a slim no matter how greedy they eat, or having

pimples, acne, the way they walk and talk, etc.—In short term, the way they are. It is

important to study about these crisis to the young generations. The following are some

cases and to have more knowledge regarding to the criticism that many people suffers

to the way they received a body shame in self-objectification on the society:

Body image during adolescence endangers the adult female body by not

having enough fat stores to achieve milestones such as puberty, pregnancy, and

menopause (Striegel-Moore, 2000). Children as young as five, begin feeling shame

for the fat stored within their bodies. Young teenage girls starve themselves to attain

an anorexic look. Fashion magazines, advertisements, shows, and movies equate

attractiveness with happiness and portray beauty as an unattainable thinness Why a

Negative Body Image? A Study on: Gender, Age, Social Media, and Mass 9 Media

(Tiggemann, 2012). Young adolescents are willing to do anything necessary achieve

the ideal body type to prevent feelings of body shame.

During adolescence dramatic bodily and emotional changes occur. Female

puberty changes consist of breast development, the accumulation of stomach fat, hip

growth, pubic hair growth, and they begin menstruation (Gilbert & Thompson, 201 1).

Puberty is a confusing time for young girls. They do not understand what is

happening to their growing bodies during a time where they are feeling pressured to

present themselves in an extreme thinness. Intense feelings of shame are displayed

when they cannot live up to societal body norms. Menstruation is associated with fear

and repulsion. Girls feel repulsed and embarrassed by their bodies. Menarche happens

earlier than in the past. Feelings of shame are intensified by the fast track into

adulthood (Lashbrook, 2000). Earlier menarche is linked with the tendency to

participate in sexual intercourse earlier than later maturing girls. Their peers treat

earlier maturing girls like outsiders, causing them to feel intense shame about their

adult-like bodies (Gilbert & Thompson, 201 1).

Sexual abuse causes feelings of body shame. The highly subordinate position

the abused is placed in causes the abused individual to feel vulnerable, powerless, and

like an object. The abused feels intense shame when placed in social situations and

will voluntarily isolate him or her in attempts to be freed from the shame. Feelings of

shame disconnect the individual with society, triggering eating disorders and drug use

(Wonderlich, 2001). Once an eating disorder is established, shame about the eating

disorder brings upon more intense feelings of body dissatisfaction. Anxiety,

perfectionism, and self-objectification accompany eating disorders among women.

Why a Negative Body Image? A Study on: Gender, Age, Social Media, and Mass 10
Media Eating disorders strengthen body shame and the desire to conform to societal

standards (Gilbert & Thompson, 2011).

Many American women are not happy with their bodies (Grogan, 2017). In

fact, body dissatisfaction is considered the norm. Surveys show that a large majority

of middle-aged-women are actively pursuing weight loss. Universality of judgment

made a subjective concept known as "beauty" a universal value which everyone must

share. Throughout history, beauty changed. Consumers adapt to the change by

changing their ideals, mind-sets, and bodies (Eco, 2004)

A consumer culture impact model is often used to explain the relationship

between materialism and body image concerns (Dittmar, 2008; Ashikali and Dittmar,

2011; Gunandotir and Gararsdotir, 2014). According to the consumer culture impact

model (Dittmar, 2008), consumer culture is characterized by two predominant ideals:

the body-perfect ideal and the material good life ideal. The body perfect ideal refers to

being ultra-thin for women and ultra-muscular for men, and the material good life

ideal refers to emphasis on affluence and luxurious possessions and lifestyles. These

two cultural ideals are often closely linked, because they are typically shown together

in the media. For example, in advertisements, people usually have both attractive

looks and lavish lifestyles (Jiang et al., 2012). Therefore, a materialistic value

orientation emphasizes looking beautiful as well as having money and expensive

property (Ashikali and Dittmar, 2011). It suggests that people who endorse

materialistic values will internalize the body-perfect ideal, thus, are more likely to

experience body dissatisfaction. Indeed, Gunadottir and Gararsdottir, 2014 found that

materialism is positively correlated with the internalization of the thin- ideal for

women, and materialism directly predicted the thin-oriented body dissatisfaction for
women. Yet, no work has explored the mediating processes underlying materialism

and body dissatisfaction.

Among U.S. adults, weight stigma is a common experience, with as many as

40% reporting past experiences of weight-based teasing, unfair treatment and

discrimination. These experiences are most prevalent for people with high blood mass

indexes or those with obesity and for women. For youth, body weight is one of the

most prevalent reasons for teasing and bullying. That more than 40% in America has

Obesity has not softened public attitudes toward people in this group. Although

societal attitudes toward other stigmatized groups have become less prejudiced in

recent decades, there has been little change in weight bias. In some cases is

worsening. The unique multinational perspective of our study reveals that weight

stigma is commonly experienced, often internalized and related to poor health and

health care among people who are trying to manage their weight. In this sense,

confronting weight stigma appears to be a collective struggle, but it is one that people

are probably grappling with on their own. (Rebecca Puhl, 2021)

The History of Body Shaming, thin bodies are inherently better and healthier

than larger bodies. Historically, however, that hasn't always been the case. If you

think of paintings and portraits from before the 1800s era, you can see that plumpness

was revered. Being fat was a sign that a person was wealthy and had access to food,

while thinness represented poverty. In her book "Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body

in American Culture," author Amy Erdman Farrell traces the shift from revering

heavy bodies to the preference of smaller shapes to mid-nineteenth century England

when the first diets books were published.

  Weight—one of the most common reasons people are body shamed is because

of their weight. Someone might be body-shamed for being "too big" or "too

thin."

 Body Hair grows—on the arms, legs, private areas, and underarms of all

people, except for those with certain health conditions. However, many people

have the idea that women should remove all of their body hair, or they won't

be "ladylike." Or calling a woman with underarm hair "beastly," or telling a

woman she needs to shave.

 The Attractiveness—known as "pretty-shaming," the bullying or

discrimination of people for being attractive, is something that happens

regularly. And even more than that, people are bullied for being considered

unattractive, which is also known as "lookism." Lookism describes prejudice

or discrimination against people who are considered physically unattractive or

whose physical appearance is believed to fall short of societal ideas of beauty.

Lestari S. (2019) revealed in this study were teenage girls who experienced body

dysmorphic disorder, which the first screening if informants was carried out by

establishing a diagnosis of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in informants

based on DSMV symptoms. The results of this study delineate that all respondents

undergo unpleasant experiences related to specific bullying of their weight or fat

shaming from the surrounding

Fat shaming was profoundly prevailing experience and encounter in the family

(Hancock, 2015; Rich & Evans, 2005). The dominance of colonial mind-set

disseminated fat shaming ingrained in the Filipino family. These colonial influences
have dictated on society’s standard of body form and as a beauty Filipino families

would encourage their children to follow the body desired. Any teenage girl and boy

who grew up in a Filipino household knows a thing or two about being body shamed

by family members or relatives. Whether it's being called names “taba, payatot” or

getting called out for your size or shape "anglakilakimona," "parakanang toothpick",

our parents, titos and titas, and lolos and lolas have contributed to it in one way or

another; They don’t hate us or deliberately want to feel bad about themselves; rather

that it is our culture. The family conversation creates a disparity of opinions and

perception which unfortunately becomes normative for family members and the

society to comment on other people’s physical appearances, good or bad. A belief that

teasing is something to be endured as a natural element of childhood and adolescence

may lead people to conclude that, as adults, the experiences become relegated to the

past and the name-calling and taunting are safely forgotten. It is but common that the

human brain is trained to always describe and comment on what is not ideal to the

human perception (Goffman, 1963). However, the residual effects of teasing on one’s

self-esteem and body image may be more prevalent than might be assumed. Fat

shaming may continue to impact and influence perceptions of body and self of the

childhood teasing recipients well into adulthood. Fat shaming is a product of human

interaction and the influence of colonial influence and associated with the cultural

background of those perceiving the deviation from the ideal body form.

In the study of Abello R. (2019), explained that fat shaming as live

experiences and encounters among overweight and obese Filipino adults have been

incorporated into gaze and voice of others. The spontaneous and unselected flinging

of ridicule, mockery, fat jokes, and meaningful and funny gaze among plus size adults

become a product of symbolic interaction. This experience is internalized and

sometimes becomes bodily perceived; becomes a “body for others” because other

people would eventually covertly control the stigmatized fat person. In fact, this paper

revealed the experiences of selected overweight and obese Filipino adults using the

social media, life narratives and visual arts to demonstrate, describe and express this

phenomenon in contemporary Filipino setting. The study revealed that overweight

and obese Filipino adults were found to have similar experience to their global

counterparts. In conclusion, the research has given an avenue to the participants how

to express their fat shaming experience through discourse and artwork.

In the study of Zarzuela L. (2019), explores the online body-shaming cases of

JessyMendiola, IzaCalzado, and Mariel De Leon in Instagram. Because online media

continues to grow, the effect of images and the ideas they portray become more and

more of a powerful vessel to continue and instil “norms” oppress women, especially

with regards to their bodies. Discourses on the selected photos were analysed and by

the end of the study, it was established that the role of audiences, including the female

ones, perpetuate the male gaze signified onto women’s bodies which shows a cycle

that include both the celebrities and the female audience.

In the study of Cagas J. (2015) in examining the relationship between body image,

and Body Mass Index (BMI), in the context of physical education (PE). Results also

showed significant relationship between body image and embarrassment in PE

activities. The female students with high perceptions of their overall appearance and

health/fitness experience less embarrass in Physical Education Activities.

SYNTHESIS -STATE-OF-THE-ART

The review of related literature and studies centered on several topics related

about the impact of body shaming on the academic performance of senior high school

students. These were presented both at the local and foreign setting.

Humiliation and embarrassment about one's appearance often accompanies

feelings of shame and feel as if they have failed to meet societal standards and

expectations (Burnette, Hoyt, Dweck&Gussman, 2017). Rumination and other coping

strategies can be used to combat the feelings of shame society places on the

individual. Combative strategies are presented differently in each individual person.

Some examples include: striking out at others with words, binge eating or starvation,

and intense negative self-evaluation of one's own body (Gilbert, 2011). The

expanding corpus of research highlighting the detrimental role of appearance-based

harassment among youth is consistent with the fact that it frequently causes low self-

esteem, low body dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms. (AzamMansourinik,

2019). Adolescents who are illiterate will not reply to these remarks, but those who

find it difficult to accept criticism from their environment often place the

responsibility on themselves. (Rita H, 2022).

He revealed that Body image during adolescence endangers the adult female

body by not having enough fat stores to achieve milestones such as puberty,

pregnancy, and menopause (Striegel-Moore, 2000). Children as young as five, begin

feeling shame for the fat stored within their bodies. Young teenage girls starve

themselves to attain an anorexic look. Fashion magazines, advertisements, shows, and

movies equate attractiveness with happiness and portray beauty as an unattainable

thinness Why a Negative Body Image? A Study on: Gender, Age, Social Media, and

Mass 9 Media (Tiggemann, 2012). Young adolescents are willing to do anything

necessary achieve the ideal body type to prevent feelings of body shame.

During adolescence dramatic bodily and emotional changes occur. Female

puberty changes consist of breast development, the accumulation of stomach fat, hip

growth, pubic hair growth, and they begin menstruation (Gilbert & Thompson, 201 1).

Puberty is a confusing time for young girls. They do not understand what is

happening to their growing bodies during a time where they are feeling pressured to

present themselves in an extreme thinness. Intense feelings of shame are displayed

when they cannot live up to societal body norms. Menstruation is associated with fear

and repulsion. Girls feel repulsed and embarrassed by their bodies. Menarche happens

earlier than in the past. Feelings of shame are intensified by the fast track into

adulthood (Lashbrook, 2000). Earlier menarche is linked with the tendency to

participate in sexual intercourse earlier than later maturing girls. Their peers treat

earlier maturing girls like outsiders, causing them to feel intense shame about their

adult-like bodies.

Moreover, Sexual abuse causes feelings of body shame. The highly

subordinate position the abused is placed in causes the abused individual to feel

vulnerable, powerless, and like an object. The abused feels intense shame when

placed in social situations and will voluntarily isolate him or her in attempts to be

freed from the shame. Feelings of shame disconnect the individual with society,

triggering eating disorders and drug use (Wonderlich, 2001). Once an eating disorder

is established, shame about the eating disorder brings upon more intense feelings of

body dissatisfaction. Anxiety, perfectionism, and self-objectification accompany

eating disorders among women. Why a Negative Body Image? A Study on: Gender,
Age, Social Media, and Mass 10 Media Eating disorders strengthen body shame and

the desire to conform to societal standards

Lastly, there was a significant correlation found between body image and

shame during physical education activities. In Physical Education Activities, female

students who have high perceptions of their overall appearance as well as their health

and fitness experience less embarrassment (Lestari S. 2019)

GAB BRIDGES OF THE STUDY

This study aimed to determine the impact of body shaming in the academic

performance of senior high school students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary

Academy.

All studies have been made for the researchers to have an idea regarding the

impact of body shaming on the academic performance of senior high school students

of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy from the content of related literature and

studies. There were no general studies conducted about the impact of body shaming

on the academic performance of senior high school students of St. Francis Caracciolo

Culinary Academy but many studies have been done in conducting the impact of body

shaming. This study is conducted to identify the impact of body shaming on the

academic performance of senior high school students of SFCCA to provide awareness

and promote active participation of students in determining and reviewing the impact

of body shaming to everyone and how it affects them as a well-being in the society.

PARADIGM OF THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

To provide a set of ideas which would explain the underlying foundations on

the impact of body shaming on the academic performance of senior high school
students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy, some theories were reviewed

and examined. The research was anchored on the ‘Social Comparison Theory and

Body Image Dissatisfaction Theory by Kendra Cherry.’

According to social comparison theory, an individual compares himself or

herself to other individuals whom he or she believes have a better appearance

(Festinger, 1954; Hobza&Rochlen, 2009; Klein & Goethals, 2002; Park & Salmon,

2005; Pompper et al., 2007). Comparing oneself to various people is one method that

individuals employ to develop an image of self. Three components that are apparent

in social comparison are self-evaluation, self- improvement, and self-enhancement

(Krayer et al., 2007). Self-evaluation is described as an individual comparing his or

her appearance to another person’s appearance. Self- improvement is used to make

the individual better regarding his or her appearance. Self-enhancement is making the

individual’s appearance seem better than other people’s appearance. Social

comparison could have a negative or positive effect on individuals. Individuals may

compare themselves to others who are more attractive, which could lower their self-

esteem, or to others who are less attractive, which could increase their self-esteem.

Social comparison is related to body image dissatisfaction (BID) because individuals

who compare themselves to others and notice flaws about themselves tend to take on

negative behavioural actions to achieve their desired physical body (Barlett et al.,

2008)

Self-esteem is a construct that may explain how BID leads to the

aforementioned problematic body enhancing behaviours. Self-esteem is how

individuals feel about themselves (Grogan, 1999). Chiu (1988) mentioned, “Self-

esteem is the evaluative component of self-concept” (p. 298). Factors that influence

an individual’s self-esteem levels are peers, parents, and media, the same factors that
 impact body image. Body image is central to self-concept and self-esteem,

influencing psychological functioning and behaviour (Dittmar, 2005; Filiault, 2007;

Sarwer et al., 1998). Farquhar and Wasylkiw (2007) examined the self-esteem of

adolescents who view males in media. For the first part of the study, researchers

categorized Sports Illustrated magazines into four categories (1970s, 1980s, 1990s,

and 2000s). For the second part of the study, 107 male junior high school students

from three schools in Canada examined men’s magazines. Participants were

characterized into three groups: idealized men presented body-as-object, idealized

men presented body-as-process, and images of electronics. Farquhar and Wasylkiw

(2007) described body- as- object as the measuring of distinct body parts based on

appearance. Body-as-process is observing the body as what it can do as opposed to

how the body looks (Farquhar &Wasylkiw).

Social comparison theory provided the necessary contextual material to

explain how and why individuals are dissatisfied with their bodies. Individuals started

to realize the impact of body image in society during their late teens and early

twenties and incorporate dieting and exercising in their lives. Body image contributed

to how people think about themselves. Comparing oneself to others may have either a

negative or positive effect on an individual, which could lead to low or high self-

esteem. The way that individuals feel themselves could direct them to either exercise

or eat food.

Comparison Body Self- Body

to Others Image esteem Enhancing
Dissatisfac Behaviours
(Peers, tion
models or
media)
 Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of the Study

THE PARADIGM OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers adopted the system approach shown in the three interrelated

elements of input, thru-put (process) and output in the study. The details subsumed

under each of these basic elements were shown in the next page. A schematic diagram

as illustrated on figure 2 encompassed certain standard for input and process linked to

achieve the desire output of the study. This conceptual framework shows the

relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the study.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.The profile of the The approval of title
respondent in terms of: The impact of Body
defense creation and
1.1 Age Shaming to the academic
1.2 Sex validation of questionnaires.
performance of Senior High
1.3 Grade Level and Track
Approval conduct of School students of St

survey, retrieval of Francis Caracciolo Culinary

2. Impact of Body Shaming in
terms of: questionnaires and tal-lying Academy INC.
2.1 Psychological Aspect tabulation and interpretation
2.2 Emotional Aspect of data.
2.3 Academic Aspect

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework of the Study

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods and procedures of research employed by

the researchers to gather the needed data. This includes the research design, sources of

data, data gathering procedures, sampling plan, instrumentation and statistical tools.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study employed a descriptive-quantitative design to give a thorough grasp

of the underlying logic, views, and perceptions. It provides insights into the problem

of aids in developing concepts for the study, and it also provides data from the

respondents’ perspectives. It has the ability to capture complexities of real-life

situations so that a phenomenon can be studied in greater levels of dept. it may

contribute to the development of new theories, policies and changes in response.

The descriptive research design is a greater method that aims to identify

characteristics, frequencies, trends, and categories, it is found to be useful when not

much is known yet about the impact of body shaming to the academic performance to

the senior high school students of St Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy.

SOURCE OF DATA

The main source of data used in this study is a survey questionnaire to collect,

analyze and interpret from a group of people, a questionnaire that was interpreted

using the Likert scale and the Fishbowl method to know who is the respondent in this

research from 107 students in St Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy to 85

respondents were determined using Slovin’s formula n=N/1+Ne^2 with a ± 5% (0.05)

margin of error.

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRES

The researchers gathering tool used for the Quantitative study in the self-made

survey questionnaires. The questionnaire is translated into English language and

divided into (4) sections; (1) Demographic profile of the respondents, (2) The

Psychological Aspect of body shaming, (3)The Emotional Aspect of Body Shaming

and, (4)The Academic Aspect of Body Shaming. The researcher used the 4-point

likert scale to each statements. The following shows the rating scale to be used in this

study.

Rating Interpretation Description

1 The respondent never experienced the statements about

Never the impact of body shaming on the self-esteem of the

students and in their studies

2 Rarely The respondent rarely experienced the statement

pertaining to the impact of body shaming in the studies

and in their self-confidence and behaviour.

3 Often The respondents often experience the statement

pertaining to the impact of body shaming in the studies

and their self-confidence and behaviour

4 Always The respondents always experienced and believes to the

statements about the impact of body shaming in their

 studies and in their self-confidence and behaviour.

Analysis is done based on the following ranges.

Range Interpretation

1.00-1.49 Never

1.50-2.49 Rarely

2.50-3.49 Often

3.50-4.00 Always

The researchers provided the informed consent letter to the respondent to

ensure that the data collection and analysis were treated with the utmost

confidentiality. Before handling out the questionnaires, validation was done to

determine if the statements used conceptualizes the objective of the study that is

needed to be measured. Validation was done through series of drafts of questions

presented to the research adviser and the chosen validator of the researchers.

DATA GATHERING

Quantitative data where collected for the study. Before the data gathering

procedures for the perspective methods, the researchers first prepared the necessary

letters to be sent to our research adviser or in senior high school department as it is

necessary to obtain the needed data about the total students enrolled in senior high

school. Informed consent forms and confidentiality grounds for the respondents of the

study were prepared as well.

DATA ANALYSIS AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The data gathered were analysed and interpreted as soon as they were

collected. The use of frequency count percentage technique and weighted mean came

up to a better and comprehensive interpretation which is the basis of relevant and

actual conclusion. These technique allowed the research to present the data in more

meaningful way and have simpler interpretation.

The researchers used the formula:

1. Frequency Percentage Distribution

P= ( nf ) 100 %

Where P refers to the percentage, f refers to the frequency, n refers to the total

number of respondents. Descriptive research design require descriptive statistics,

frequency and percentage statistics is used to interpret the variables of the profile of

the respondents. This formula was used to get the proportion of the whole.

2. The weighted mean formula:

Another technique used by the researchers in the study is the weighted mean. This

was used in order to determine the average responses of the respondents in the 4-point

likert scale in the survey questionnaire. The weighted average takes into account the

relative importance of the values in the set of data.

 n

Where refers to the weighted mean, ,  means sum what comes after,

refers corresponding weight for each of the values, refers to the attached rate of

the weight, and n is the total number of respondents. The researchers analysed the

data gathered by the final weighted mean, it reflects the relative importance of each

answer to the given rating scale and is commonly used in descriptive research design.

It also has the effect of smoothing out the data and enhancing its accuracy.
 CHAPTER VI

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The purpose of this study was to determine the Impact of Body Shaming to the

Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo

Culinary Academy School Year 2022-2023. This chapter presents the results of the

study, analysis, and interpretation of the data collected by the researcher using survey

questionnaires.

DEMOGRAPGIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents by Sex

SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 28 32.94%

Female 57 67.06%

TOTAL 85 100%

The result in Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents of sex by

respondents. The result shows that the majority of the respondents, 67.06% are

females while 32.94% are male. The disparity in the equal distribution of sex can

affect the results of this study.

 Table 2. Distribution of the Respondents by Grade Level

LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Grade 11 27 31.76%

Grade 12 58 68.24%

TOTAL 85 100%

Utilizing Slovin's recipe to determine our sample size of 85 Senior Secondary

school understudies of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Institute 27 of them were

Grade 11, which is 31.76% of the absolute respondents, while the excess 58 were

Grade 12, which is 68.24% in the total of 100%.

Table 3. Distribution of the Respondents by Age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

15-16 years old 10 11.76%

17-18 years old 55 64.71%

19-20 years old 17 20%

21 years old and above 3 3.53%

TOTAL 85 100%

The result of the Distribution of the respondents bye age of 15-16 years old

has a frequency of 10 with the percentage of 11.76%, 17-18 years old has a frequency

of 55 with the percentage 64.71%, 19-20 years old has a frequency of 17 with the
percentage of 20%, and 21 years old and above has a frequency of 3 with the

percentage of 3.53% with the total of 85 frequency with a total of 100%.

Table 4. Distribution of the Respondents by Track

TRACK FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TVL Track 38 44.71%

ACADEMIC Track 47 55.29%

TOTAL 85 100%

The result of the Distribution of the respondents by track, the TVL Track has a

Frequency of 38 with the percentage of 44.71%, while in the ACADEMIC Track has

a frequency of 47 with the percentage of 55.29% that has the total of 85 with the

percentage of 100% total.

THE IMPACT OF BODY SHAMING TO THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS BASED ON THE RESULT

This section provides the result of the survey questionnaire to determine the

level of Computer-mediated Instruction of Senior High School Students of St. Francis

Caracciolo Culinary Academy.

Table 5. Respondents Psychological Aspects

STATEMENT WEIGHTED INTERPRETATION

MEAN
 1. Do you experience changes or

abnormalities in your eating habit? 2.36 Rarely

2. How often do you experience

social anxiety due to being 2.43 Rarely

conscious about your body?

3. Do you feel stress or anxious

about your body? 2.49 Rarely

4. How often do you get emotional

when someone is body shaming 2.56 Often

you?

5. How often does body shaming

affects your mental state? 2.36 Rarely

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN

Scale Arbitrary Responses

Scale

4 3.50-4.00 Always

3 2.50-3.49 Often

2 1.50-2.49 Rarely

1 1.00-1.49 Never

As presented by Table 5, the results that have been gathered in the

Psychological Aspects of the corresponding Respondents: where the “Do you

experience changes or abnormalities in your eating habit?” most student’s majority

were answered “Rarely”, while the second question is “How often do you experience
social anxiety due to being conscious about your body?” with an interpretation of

“Rarely”, same goes to “Do you feel stress or anxious about your body?” that has an

interpretation of “Rarely”, next is with the weight mean of 2.56 which is interpreted

as “Often” to the question of “How often do you get emotional when someone is

body shaming you?”, and lastly the weighted mean of 2.36 to the question of “How

often does body shaming affects your mental state?” which is interpreted as “Rarely”.

Table 6. Respondents Emotional Aspects

STATEMENT WEIGHTED INTERPRETATION

MEAN

1. You tend to think about suicide 1.63 Rarely

because you hate your body.
2. You question your self-worth 2.40 Rarely

3. You adopt unhealthy eating habits 2.38 Rarely

that leads to physical health
concerns as well.

4. You feel insecure that you compare 2.60 Often

your physical appearance to other
people.
5. You tend to distance yourself to 2.51 Often
people.

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN

Scale Arbitrary Responses

Scale

4 3.50-4.00 Always

3 2.50-3.49 Often

2 1.50-2.49 Rarely
 1 1.00-1.49 Never

Table 6. Respondents Emotional Aspects introduces the emotional situation of

how the students dealt with their mental health. The first question “You tend to think

about suicide because you hate your body.” has the weighted mean of 1.63 that is

interpreted as “Rarely”, next question is “You question your self-worth” that has 2.40

weighted mean and interpreted as “Rarely”, the third question which is “You adopt

unhealthy eating habits that leads to physical health concerns as well.” That is also

interpreted as “Rarely” with a weighted mean of 2.38, presented in the fourth

question in emotional aspect was “You feel insecure that you compare your physical

appearance to other people.” Which results “Often” due to its weighted mean of 2.60,

and lastly “You tend to distance yourself to people.” Has the weighted mean of 2.51

that was interpreted as “Often”. The statement of this emotional aspects makes the

study reliable due to its personal with secured questions to the respondents.

Table 7. Respondents Academic Aspects

STATEMENT WEIGHTED INTERPRETATION

MEAN

1. Body/image/figure matters anytime

and anywhere?
2.49 Rarely

2. Body/image/figure can improve

your self-confidence in participating
in classroom or school activities? 2.59 Often
 3. Do you agree that your body
image/figure affect your studies?
1.96 Rarely

4. Your body image/figure are the

hindrance to excel in academic
performance? 1.80 Rarely

5. Do you agree that body image/figure

can lower your self-confidence in
participating in classroom or school 2.23 Rarely
activities?

6. Do you agree that the average

performance of students who
experienced body shaming is 2.40 Rarely
different in who have not
experienced body shaming?

7. Do you agree that having fat or thin

body is not totally bad to participate
in school activities? 2.59 Often

8. Do you agree that your circle of

friends affects how you manage
your selves? 2.33 Rarely

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN

Scale Arbitrary Responses

Scale

4 3.50-4.00 Always

3 2.50-3.49 Often

2 1.50-2.49 Rarely

1 1.00-1.49 Never
 In Table 7. Respondents Academic Aspects presents an important role in this

study, the first question “Body/image/figure matters anytime and anywhere?” has the

weighted mean of 2.49 which is interpreted as “Rarely”, second is

“Body/image/figure can improve your self-confidence in participating in classroom or

school activities?” that has the weighted mean of 2.59 that is interpreted as “Often”,

third is “Do you agree that your body image/figure affect your studies?” most of the

students prefer an interpretation of “Rarely” with a weighted mean of 1.96, then

fourth is “Your body image/figure are the hindrance to excel in academic

performance?” which has the weighted mean of 1.80 that was interpreted as “Rarely”,

the fifth question is “Do you agree that body image/figure can lower your self-

confidence in participating in classroom or school activities?” that has the weighted

mean of 2.23 that was interpreted as “Rarely”, third to the last is the “Do you agree

that the average performance of students who experienced body shaming is different

in who have not experienced body shaming?” that is interpreted as “Rarely” with a

weighted mean of 2.40, next is the “Do you agree that having fat or thin body is not

totally bad to participate in school activities?” which is interpreted as “Often” with

the weighted mean of 2.59, and lastly the “Do you agree that your circle of friends

affects how you manage your selves?” has the weighted mean of 2.33 that was

interpreted as “Rarely”.
CHAPTER V
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the findings of the study, the

conclusions, and the recommendations made.

FINDINGS

This study was taken with the general objective of determining the

relationship of The Impact of Body Shaming to the Academic Performance of

Senior High School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy in the

School Year 2022-2023. Under the problem statement and the research paradigm of

this study, the research hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the

impact of body shaming and the Academic Performance of Senior High

School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy was pursued.

A validated questionnaire checklist served as the main instrument of the study.

The questionnaire contains a total of 3 statements which is the psychological aspect,

emotional aspect, and academic aspect. The two first statements are made up of five

statements, while the last one is made up of 8 statements.

Finally the variable, The Impact of Body Shaming and the Academic

Performance of Senior High School Students of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary

Academy.

1. The respondents of this study will be limited to 85 students out of 125

total students. Both Grade 11 and Grade 12 TVL, ABM, HUMSS, and GAS students
of St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy will be selected through random

sampling.

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Researchers must do further research to determine the difference between bullying

and body shaming.

2. Future researchers must implement programs regarding to body shaming.

3. Execute policy regarding yo body shaming to the students of St. Francis Caracciolo

Culinary Academy, INC.

4. Researchers should implement a project to empower the students who are victim of

body shaming.

5. Future researchers must implement more effective ways to prevent body shaming

to the students of the school.

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CURRICULUM VITAE
APPENDICES
(RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers utilized the purposive sampling approach, it determined the

number of respondents needed for the survey questionnaires. Purposive sampling

ensured that the results obtained from the sample should approximate what would

have been obtained if the entire population. In determining sample size the following

formula is used.

N = ____________

1+ N (e)2
 Where N refers to the sample size, N refers to the size of the population and e

for the margins of errors. The margin of errors is 5%.

150

n = _______

1+ (150) (0.05)2

The total number of senior high school students enrolled this school year

2022- 2023 in St. Francis Caracciolo Culinary Academy is 109 students. The

researchers selected a 5% margin of error from the total population from the

computed adjusted sample size which consists of 86 respondents. The researchers

used the convenience sampling technique which relies on data collection from

students who are conveniently present or available in the school to participate in study

as long as they are fit in the criteria needed to the profiling of the study. )