Scribd
Upload
16 views

Statistics and Probability

Uploaded by

Naba Lmsm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
16 views

Statistics and Probability

Uploaded by

Naba Lmsm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20
Mean The average value How to find the Mean: 1. Add up all the numbers. 2. Divide the sum by the number of values. E.g. The mean of 3,2,10,5 is 342045 _20_ 4 4 Mode The most frequent number Special Cases: * No Mode if all the numbers occur the same amount of times. * More than one Mode if more than one number is the most frequent. Median The middle number How to find the Median: 1, Put the numbers from smallest to largest. 2. The number in the middle is the median. If there are two middle numbers, add them and divide by two. Range Difference between highest and lowest numbers How to find the Range: 1, Put the numbers from smallest to largest. 2. Subtract the lowest value from the largest. Name & Meaning Arithmetic Mean [average] Median [middle value] Mode [most popular] Geometric Mean [average factor] HarmonicMean [average rate] au wee ec tare) ty Used for Most situations sum + - = Stbre (“averageitem”) size 3 Middle of sorted list Wildly varyingsamples (2 middles? Average ‘em) (houses, incomes) Most popularvalue Nocompromises (winner takes all) Investments, growth, area, ay abe volume ‘Speed, production, cost |e] “ |= Median First, arrange the observations in an ascending order. ( > If the number of observations (n) is even: > If the number of observations (n) is odd: - the median is the value at position 1. Find the value at position (3) () 2 2. Find the value at position (=) 3. Find the average of the two values to get the \median. \ ) \ Average Problem Formulas — Sum of Terms Average = Number of Terms Sum of Weighted Terms Number of Terms Weighted Average = Total Distance Average Speed = seP Total Time Conditional Probability Formula Probability of Aand8 p(A| py =P AO) Probability of P(B) A given B Probability of B Permutations and Combinations Number of permutations (order matters) of n things taken rat atime: Pn.r)= (n—r)! Number of combinations (order does not matter) of n things taken rat a time: n! Cnr) = (n—r)!r! Number of different permutations of n objects where there are n,repeated items, n, repeated items, ... n, repeated items n! n,!n,!...n,! Combination Formula A combination is a grouping or subset of items. For a combination, the order does not matters. n! " (n-r)!r! Number of items Laie Number of items in set selected from the set Factorial Notation If nis a positive integer, n factorial denoted by n! is a product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. It is defined by nl=n(n—-1)(n—2)...22)0) Asa special case: 0!=1] Examples: Normal Distribution Formula x=)" = 207 | I=" a, = mean of x o = standard deviation of x az 3.14159 ... ex 2.71828... Binomial Distribution Formula n xX 2n-xX n! x n=-x P(x) = gee “page! - (n—x)!x! where n =the number of trials (or the number being sampled) x = the number of successes desired p = probability of getting a success in one trial g=1-p =the probability of getting a failure in one trial Poisson Distribution Formula Are * x! P(X=x)= where Xx =0, 1,2,.3,.. A = mean number of occurrences in the interval e = Euler’s constant © 2.71828 GAMMA DISTRIBUTION * X~ Gamma(a, B) . 1 ue x)= xe’ x>0, a>0, B>0 = Faye f E(X)=af and Var(X)=ap" M(t)=(1-ft)". I< WR Geometric Probability Formula EEE o If X has a geometric distribution with probability p of success and (1 — p) of failure on each observation, the possible values of X are 1, 2, 3,... c If nis any one of these values, the probability that the first success occurs on the nth trial is P(X =n)=(1-p)"'p Oo The probability that it takes more than n trials is PLY >n)=(1- py’ Bernoulli Distribution Notation: X ~ Bernoulli(p) or X ~ Ber(p) where p is a probability, and the PMF is given by: x 0 1 p(x) | 1-p pp Expectation and Variance of the Bernoulli Distribution: EQ) =0*(-p)+G*p)=p E(X2)= 02 * (1-p) +12*p=p Var(X) =p - p? = pG-p) Uniform Distribution —A random variable X is said to be uniformly distributed if its density function is 1 f(x) =—— a) xp) +The variance of a discrete random variable is a measure of variability and is defined as: o? = E[(X —p)?] = Ya — 2)? p(x) +N.B. ois referred to as the standard deviation of X. NATCOR: Stochastic Modelling 2017 - Preliminary Reading 2.7 — Moment-Generating Function Definition 2.7.1 Let _X be a discrete random variable with p.m.f f(x) and range R. The moment-generating function (m.g.f.) of X is M(=E[e* ]=Yie* f(x) xeER for all values of ¢ for which this mathematical expectation exists. Copyright © 2014 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Lean All = exp(Connected) Inclusion Exclusion Burnside & Polya's formulas Lagrangeinversion Catalan. Fibonacci nl ~ V2an(n/e)". 2 be it gtk—1 meso NTF is(Pa) x ds(Pn) >. 14! 7!...(3n—2)! nl(n+1)'(n+2)!...(2n—1)! T]@ 22) ' = SF s(e)saly)- | ij A [uit = a(uisty) +B(autse) || (2), = Laa()=) ey | I, a Then 0) = aa) " Littlewood-Richardson fea=St ‘t ) fae) | NA)= Sec (—Y) (0,2) Xr(O +2) = +2)" (el + Y) "I t is(o) —2yn ae St) = Fe — no0 to (2/e)(1-+ 0(1)) ME? $14)" log |i) “Leer once] L Qe =tnlan +72) +2hene2y+1+0() )5 (45 .)+ (4 tag) tn a5 (2eoe EY cs M2, a = 35s (a2) - Ba (a! eho" *(2) [la +e" 3304 ¢" 424) = (se) Tle- | ae A no it Hevea)” Cn deg f <0 de, [Ae] = +2. exo [t-0.z| 4.o= emt 5] aga h(t ft fy O-o , G=9—aiyt iva 01 )0 2) Coa A A) pe wee a Fata) 1-4 I= r= = 2g — 4g" + 6g" — 8y""+... (1+ q@)(L 4 97)(1 493) ---

You might also like