WELCOME TO

ANIMAL
KINGDOM
PRESENTED BY:
VATSALA SINGH
ROLL NO.# 95
GUARDIAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, PUNE.
B.Ed 2010-2011.
UNIT PLAN SUMMARY
 General differentiation of all animals can be
done by every students , it’s a basic concept.
However, in Standard IX , a student must be
able to classify all animals according to its
phyla and class depending upon its
characteristics . Along with my students, I am
putting an effort to make all students
understand the detailed classification of the
Animal Kingdom so that they can have a very
clear concept about the same by this project.
 I hope my efforts give fruitful results .
TOPICS
 Introduction To Animal Kingdom
 Invertebrates and Vertebrates.
 Classification of Invertebrates: Porifera,
Coelenterates, Platehelminthis, Nemathelminthis,
Annelida, Arthropods, Mollusks, Echinodermata.
 Characteristics and examples of each Invertebrates.
 Classification of Vertebrates: Cyclostomes, Pisces,
Amphibians, Reptilians, Aves, Mammals.
 Characteristics and examples of each Vertebrates.
Introduction
 There are many different types of animals in the world.
Many animals are quite similar to each other. Others are
quite different. Animals can be classified based on their
similarities. The object of classification is to bring
together those things which are like, and to separate
those which are unlike. The smallest group constituted is
a SPECIES. A certain number of species having character
in common, by which they resemble one another and
differ from all other species, constitutes a GENUS; a
group of genera, similarly associated, constitutes a
FAMILY; a group of families, an ORDER; a group of
orders, a CLASS; a group of classes, a SUBKINGDOM;
while the latter, agreeing with one another only in the
characters in which all animals agree, and in which they
differ from all plants, make up the ANIMAL KINGDOM.
HOW MANY ORGANISMS ARE THERE
IN THIS WORLD?
 THERE ARE ABOUT ONE AND HALF MILLION
SPECIES ON THIS EARTH!
250,000 plants
750,000 insects
43,000 vertebrates
4200 mammals
9000 birds
6300 reptiles
4200 amphibians
18,000 bony fishes
900 cartilaginous fishes and jawless fishes !
INVERTEBRATES

PORIFERA COELENTERATA PLATEHEMINTHES NEMATHELMINTHES ANNELIDA

ARTHOPODA MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA HEMICHORDATA

 PORIFERA
ORGANISMS WITH HOLE IN THE BODY.
THEY ARE MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS.
NON-MOTILE, ATTACHED TO SOLID
SUPPORT.
ASYMMETRIC CREATURES.
MAINLY FOUND IN MARINE HABITATS.
WHOLE BODY IS PERFORATED WITH
PORES CALLED”OSTIA”.
EXAMPLES ARE……..
EXAMPLES OF PORIFERA

SEA SPONGE RIGIDA SPONGE

SYCON SPONGES
 PHYLUM-COELENTERATA
ALL COELENTERATES ARE MOSTLY
AQUATIC.
THE SIMPLE BODY OF THESE
ANIMALS ARE DIPLOBLASTIC WITH
RADIAL SYMMETRY.
THEY HAVE A BODY CAVITY OR
COELOM.
BODY HAS A SINGLE OPENING AT
HYPOSTOME SURROUNDED BY
TENTACLES.
THESE ANIMALS REPRODUCE
ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING.
EXAMPLES ARE….
EXAMPLES OF COELENTERATES

HYDRA SEA ANEMONE

JELLY FISH CORALS

 PHYLUM- PLATEHELMINTHES
COMMONLY KNOWN AS
FLATWORMS.
ARE FLAT RIBBON LIKE
STRUCTURES HAS THREE LAYERS
OF CELLS I.E. TRIPLOBLASTIC.
HAVE “HOOKS” FOR ATTACHMENT
TO HOST AND “SUCKER” TO
ABSORB NUTRITION.
THEY ARE EITHER FREE-LIVING OR
PARASITES.
EXAMPLES ARE…..
EXAMPLES OF FLATWORMS

LIVER FLUKE PLANARIA

TAPEWORM DETAILED STRUCTURE OF

FLATWORMS
 PHYLUM-NEMATHELMINTHES
Also known as Nematoda, is the phylum
which includes all round worms.
Body is triploblastic and bilaterally
symmetrical as platyheminthes .
Body is cylindrical in shape.
They are parasites , causes disease in other
animals including human beings.
There sexes are generally separate.
The primitive body cavity is present known
as psuedocoelum.
A straight digestive tract begins with
mouth and ends with an anus.
EXAMPLES OF NEMATHELMINTHES

ROUNDWORM FILARIAL WORM

HOOKWORM
 PHYLUM-ANNELIDA
These are triploblastic, cylindrical,
segmented , burrowing worms having a
bilateral symmetry.
They have a true coelum with simple
organ systems.
They produce sexually but are
hermaphrodite.
Locomotion occurs by setae.
They are found in marine , fresh water
or on land.
Few of them are parasites .
EXAMPLES OF ANNELIDS

BRISTLE WORM EARTHWORM

LEECHES NEREIS
 PHYLUM-ARTHOPODA
Arthopods are cosmopolitan,
triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical
animals having jointed appendages
for locomotion.
It is the largest group of animals.
The body is externally segmented
and protected with chitinuous exo-
skeleton.
Body is divided into three parts-
head, thorax and abdomen.
Insects have two pair of wings and
three pairs of jointed appendages.
Sexes are separate and reproduce
by sexual means.
EXAMPLES OF ARTHOPODS

COCKROACH CENTIPEDE CRAB

BUTTERFLY SCORPION PRAWNS

 PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA
The characteristic feature of this
phylum is that their body is covered in
a shell.
The body is non-segmented, soft,
triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical or
can be asymmetric as in pila .
They are mostly aquatic.
The body is differentiated into three
parts: Anterior head with sense
organs, Dorsal visceral mass with
organ system and Ventral foot for
locomotion.
Examples are….
EXAMPLES OF MOLLUSCA

MUSSELS SNAILS

OCTOPUS
 ECHINODERMATA
These are mostly marine,
unisexual, triploblastic animals.
They have tough spiny exoskeleton
made up of calcium carbonate.
Their body is unsegmented and
hard, with radial symmetry.
They have developed coelum, and
derive their food from water vascular
system.
They have tube for locomotion.
They have “regeneration” capacity.
Examples are….
EXAMPLES OF ECHINODERMATA

STARFISH LEOPARD SEA SEA-URCHIN

CUCUMBER

BRITTLE STAR FEATHER STAR

 PHYLUM- HEMICHORDATA
These are mostly marine or
burrowing worm like animals with
soft , unsegmented , triploblastic
body having bilateral symmetry.
They all possess notochord only
in embryonic stage.
The body has three distinct parts
viz. Proboscis, collar and trunk.
They reproduce by sexual means.
They possess gill slits for
respiration.
Examples are….
EXAMPLES OF HEMICHORDATA

BALANOGLOSSUS HERDMANIA

AMPHIOXUS
 VERTEBRATES
CYCLOSTOMATA PISCES AMPHIBIA

REPTILIA AVES MAMMALIA

 CYCLOSTOMATA
Also known as Agnatha.
These are marine animals having fish-
like body with bilateral symmetry.
They have “suctorial mouth” without
jaws and unpaired fins.
Other characteristics are as other
vertebrates like have backbone.
Body is divided into head, thorax and
abdomen and tail.
Closed blood vascular system and
developed nervous system.
Examples are….
EXAMPLES OF AGNATHA

Lamprey

Hagfish
 PISCES (FISHES)
Fishes are exclusively aquatic and adapted to
aquatic mode of life.
They have streamlined body with scales all
over the skin.
They possess covered or uncovered gill slits
for respiration.
They have paired fins which help them to
swim in water.
Heart is two-chambered.
They are cold-blooded animals .
Fertilization is external and they are
oviparous.
Some have endoskeletons made up of
cartilage such as Sharks, while some have
endoskeletons made up of both bone and
cartilage as in Tuna, Rohu.
EXAMPLES OF PISCES
SHARK SEA HORSE DOG FISH

ELECTRIC RAY CLOWN FISH

CAT FISH TUNA FISH

 AMPHIBIA
As the name suggest, these animals are
adaptive of both aquatic and land life.
They have scales but the skin has mucose
gland that keep it moist and slimy.
They possess short fore limbs and long hind
limbs with five webbed digits. However,
Icthyophis is limbless.
Heart is three chambered and mixed blood
circulates in the body.
They are unisexual, oviparous and
fertilization is external.
Respiration is through gills in larval stage
while adopt pulmonary or cutaneous
respiration during dormant period.
Amphibians remain dormant in summer and
winter period.
Examples of amphibians

Salamander Frog

Toad Icthyophis
 REPTILIA
They are commonly known as Crawling
vertebrates.
These are cold-blooded animals , mostly
terrestrial.
They have wither weak short limbs or even no
limbs.
The body skin is dry, rough, and scaly.
Body is divided into Head, Neck, Abdomen, and
Tail.
They are unisexual, oviparous having internal
fertilization.
They have three chambered heart. Exception :
Crocodile with four chambered heart.
Respiration is through lungs.
 EXAMPLES OF REPTILES

DINOSAUR SNAKES CHAMELEON

DRACO-FLYING LIZARD IGUANA

TURTLES CROCODILE
 AVES
Aves are well adapted to aerial mode of
life.
They are warm blooded animals.
The heart is four chambered.
Respiration is by lungs.
The forelimbs is modified into wings and
the body is covered with feathers as
exoskeleton.
The body is streamlined , spindle shaped ,
light due to hollow bones.
The external part of mouth is developed
into “beak”.
They are unisexual and oviparous animals
that hatch the eggs.
EXAMPLES OF AVES
MACOW EAGLE OWL

PEGUINS PEACOCK VULTURE

OSTRICH FLAMINGO KIWI

 MAMMALIA
They are most evolved, warm blooded ,
mostly terrrestrial animals with body adapted
to various surroundings.
They have mammary glands to produce milk
to nourish their young ones.
Skin is covered with hair and has sweat and oil
glands.
Are unisexual and viviparous.
Respiration by means of lungs.
Heart is four chambered.
They have Movable jaws, movable eyes , ear
with movable pinna .
Presence of muscular diaphragm between
thoracic and abdominal region.
They produce sound with active vocal cords.
 Examples of mammals….

HORSE DOLPHINS TIGER GIRAFFE

CHIMPANZEES ELEPHANT DOGS BAT

And … the most important mammals are…..
Human beings!
GIVE THIS A SECOND THOUGHT……