MODULE 12

IN
MATHEMATICS 9
THIRD QUARTER

Unit 4
Variation

Lesson 1 Direct Variation

Prepared by:
Miss Mary Joy C. Buliag
MATHEMATICS Teacher

Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 1
 Unit IV
Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
 Accurately identify a direct variation;
 Correctly write the equation of a direct variation; and
 Correctly solve word problems involving direct variation.
Learn about it!

Variation refers to the relationships between different quantities and variables.

The factor and the result are related to each other, where an increase in one results to an
increase in the other. This is what is known as direct variation. This is the first type of variation. For
this type of variation, the relationship is between two variables, which we will refer to as F and x .

Furthermore, there is a constant of variation k that describes the magnitude or the strength
of the relationship between F and x . The value of k is usually provided.

Direct variation can be described using the following relationship:

F∝ x
F=kx
The symbol ∝ represents the variation between F and x

This equation shows that as x increases, F also increases. Furthermore, as x decreases, F

also decreases. This concept is similar to a direct proportion.

A key phrase that signifies a direct variation is “varies directly.” For example, you may say
that the number of hours a laborer works varies directly with the amount of money he gets in a day.

Let’s Practice!
Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 2
Example 1
In a direct variation, given that k =2 and x=4, what is the value of F ?

Solution:

Set up the direct variation equation F=kx by substituting the value ofk .
F=kx
F=2 x
Substitute the value of x to get the value of F .

F=kx
F=2 x
F=2 ( 4 )
F=8
Therefore, the value of F , given that k =2 and x=4 is 8

x=6 k =2

F=kx
F=2 x
F=2 ( 6 )
F=12

Example 2
Find the value of F in a direct variation when k =4 and x=5 .
Solution:
Set up the direct variation equation F=kx by substituting the value ofk .
F=kx
F=4 x
Substitute the value of x to get the value of F .

F=kx
F=4 (5)
F=20
Therefore, the value of F , given that k =4 and x=5 is 20

Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 3
Example 3
F varies directly as x . Given that F=18 and k =3, what is the value of x ?

Solution:
Set up the direct variation equation F=kx by substituting the value ofk .
F=kx
18=3 x
Substitute the value of F to get the value of x .
18=3 x
18 3 x
=
3 3
6=x

Therefore, the value of x , given that F=18 andk =3, is 6.

Example 4
F varies directly as x . Given that F=24 andk =6, what is the value of x ?

Solution:
Set up the direct variation equation F=kx by substituting the value ofk .
F=kx
24 6 x
=
6 6
4=x

Therefore, the value of x , given that F=24 andk =6, is 4.

Example 4
If y varies directly as x 2, and y=8 when x=2, find y when x=1.

Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 4
Solution:
Set up the equation for the direct variation to solve for the value ofk . After getting the
value ofk , reuse the equation again with the new values.

Step 1
Set up the equation for the direct variation.
2
y=k x
2
8=k (2)
8=k (4)
8 4k
=
4 4

2=k
x=1 k =2
2
y=k x
y=2¿
y=2(1)
y=2

Step 2
Substitute the values of y and x to solve for the value ofk .
2
y=k x
y=¿

Step 3
Input the value of k back into the equation from Step 1.
2
y=2 x

Step 4
Substitute x=1 into the equation from Step 3.
2
y=2 x
y=¿

Therefore, the value of y is.

Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 5
If y varies directly as x 2, and y=4 when x=1, find y when x=5.
2
y=k x
2
4=k (1)
4=k ( 1 )
4=k

x=5 , k =4
2
y=k x
2
y=4 (5)
y=4 (25)
y=100

Check Your Understanding!

Write an equation for each of the following statements using k as the constant of variation.
a. a varies directly asb .

b. m is directly proportional to the square of n .

c. y varies directly as the square root of x .

d. p varies directly as half ofq .

e. The circumference c of a circle varies directly as its diameterd .

Find the value of F given the value of x and k

1. x = 3 ; k = 4 4. x = 9 ; k = 1
2. x = 7 ; k = 2 5. X = 10 ; k = 5
3. x = 8 ; k = 6
Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 6
 References:
 Lorraine Baron, et al. Math Makes Sense 9. CA: Pearson, 2009
 Math Is Fun. “Graphing Quadratic Functions.” Accessed on 22 March 2018.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/sphider/search.php?
query=graphing+quadratic+function&type=and&results=10&search=1
 https://mediacdn.quipper.com/media/
W1siZiIsIjIwMTgvMDkvMDcvMTEvMDMvMzYvYjQ4YzQ0YmUtYzZmNi00OGI2LWE4ZDUtNT
E4ZjE2ZjUzOGRkL005JTIwMDMlMjBRMSUyMEZELnBkZiJdXQ.pdf?sha=065b59ce3dc96e8b

Unit 4 Variation
Lesson 1 Direct Variation pg. 7