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Mobile Computing 6

The document discusses various sensors commonly found in mobile devices, including gyroscope, accelerometer, proximity, light, thermometer, pressure, and sound sensors. It describes what each sensor measures and some examples of applications that use each sensor type.

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Mai gamal
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10 views

Mobile Computing 6

The document discusses various sensors commonly found in mobile devices, including gyroscope, accelerometer, proximity, light, thermometer, pressure, and sound sensors. It describes what each sensor measures and some examples of applications that use each sensor type.

Uploaded by

Mai gamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile Computing

Dr. Ayman Alhelbawy , 18th April 2023

1
Mobile Sensing (2)
Sensor: Gyroscope
• Gyro sensors are devices that sense angular
velocity

• Angular velocity is the change in rotational


angle per unit of time. Angular velocity is
generally expressed in deg/s (degrees per
second)

• Could you give some applications that needs


Gyroscope sensor?
Sensor: Gyroscope
• Measures the rate of rotation (angular speed) around an axis
• Speed is expressed in rad/s on 3 axis
• When the device is not rotating, the sensor values will be zeros
• It gives us 3 values
• Pitch value (rotation around X axis)
• Roll value (rotation around Y axis)
• Yaw value (rotation around Z axis)
• Unfortunately, gyroscope is error prone over time.
• As time goes, gyroscope introduces drift in result
• By sensor fusion (combining accelerometer and gyroscope), results can
be corrected and path of movement of device can be obtained correctly
Accelerometer vs. Gyroscope
• Accelerometer
• Senses linear movement: not good for rotations,
good for tilt detection

• Does not know difference between gravity and


linear movement

• Gyroscope
• Measures all types of rotations
• Not movement
• A+G = both rotation and movement tracking possible
Sensor: Proximity
• A proximity sensor can detect the presence of nearby objects without
physical contact

• It often emits an electromagnetic ield (e.g., infrared) and looks for


changes in the ield or return signal

• It is usually used by mobile device to determine how far a person’s head


is from the face of a handset

• E.g., a user is making a phone call


• The measured results could be different based on different devices
• Most proximity sensors return the absolute distance in centimeters
(cm)

• Some return only a lag that represents near or far


• Some return either 0.0 or the maximum value only
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Sensor: Light
• It gives a reading of the light level detected by the light sensor of
the device

• Located at front of mobile device near to front facing camera


• The units are in LX units (illuminance, or luminous lux per unit
area)

• The device uses the data to adjust the display’s brightness


automatically

• When ambient light is plentiful, the screen’s brightness is


pumped up and when it is dark, the display is dimmed down

• High-end phones use an advanced light sensor that can measure


white, red, green, and blue light independently to ine tune image
representation
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Sensor: Thermometer
• Used to measure Ambient temperature outside of the device
• There’s thermometer in almost every mobile device and
some handsets might have more than one of them.

• However, they are used to monitor the temperature inside


the device and its battery to detect overheating

• A temperature sensor detects a change in a physical


parameter such as resistance or output voltage that
corresponds to a temperature change

• Contact (direct physical contact) vs. non-contact (radiant


energy of a heat source)
Sensor: Pressure
• Some higher-end mobile devices have a built-in
pressure sensor (barometer) which can
measure atmospheric pressure

• The data is used to determine how high the


device is above sea level, which in turn can help
improve GPS accuracy
Sensor: Pressure
• Traditional
Barometer :

• P = pgh
• p: density of
luid

• Is it practical? Barometer

• Piezo-resistive and Piezoelectric is used instead


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Sensor: Sound
• A microphone is an acoustic to electric transducer that
converts sound into an electrical signal.

• Microphones capture sound waves with a thin, lexible


diaphragm. The vibrations of this element are then
converted by various methods into an electrical signal
that is an analog of the original sound.

• Most microphones in use today use electromagnetic


generation (dynamic microphones), capacitance change
(condenser microphones) or piezo-electric generation
to produce the signal from mechanical vibration.
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Thank You
Questions?????

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