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Mobile Computing 7

The document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which allow wireless devices to communicate without a fixed infrastructure by forwarding packets through other devices. MANETs have complex routing due to dynamic topologies and lack of global node identifiers. Characteristics include distributed peer-to-peer operation, multi-hop routing, and bandwidth constraints. Applications include portable device communication and emergency response. Design considerations include network size, connectivity, traffic patterns, environment, and energy constraints.

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Mai gamal
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8 views

Mobile Computing 7

The document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which allow wireless devices to communicate without a fixed infrastructure by forwarding packets through other devices. MANETs have complex routing due to dynamic topologies and lack of global node identifiers. Characteristics include distributed peer-to-peer operation, multi-hop routing, and bandwidth constraints. Applications include portable device communication and emergency response. Design considerations include network size, connectivity, traffic patterns, environment, and energy constraints.

Uploaded by

Mai gamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile Computing

Dr. Ayman Alhelbawy , 2nd May 2023

1
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
(MANETs)
What is MANETs ?
• MANETs are traditionally de ined as self-con iguring
networks set up among the hand-held devices of
mobile users

• So, a set of mobile devices can communicate with each


other in the absence of any form of ixed networking
infrastructures such as hubs, routers, base stations, etc.

• Simply, a mobile device wanting to communicate can


forward its packets to its neighbours, and the
neighbour nodes in turn can forward those to their
neighbours, and so on until the destination is reached.
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Why Is Routing in a MANET a Complex Task?
• In a wired network, a router determines the path that needs
to be followed by a packet based on the information
contained within the IP address of the destination, and uses
this information to forward a packet towards its destination.

• In an ad hoc network, such a simple and ef icient routing


protocol is dif icult to deploy because;

• it is very dif icult to have a global identi ier assigned to


every node that would also indicate the route to the node.

• Routes become quickly obsolete since they dynamically get


built and also get dissolved.

•
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Characteristics of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)

• Lack of ixed infrastructure


• Dynamic topologies
• Bandwidth constrained, variable capacity links
• Energy constrained operation
• Increased vulnerability
• Distributed peer-to-peer mode of operation
• Multi-hop routing
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Applications of MANETs
• Communication among portable computers.
• communication in Lecture room where no
LAN

• Environmental monitoring
• Ad hoc Sensor Network
• Military
• Emergency applications
• disasters when structured network is distroyed
MANET Design Protocol Issues
1- Network size and node density

• Network size and node density are the two important


parameters of a MANET while designing an
appropriate routing protocol for a network

• Network size refers to the geographical coverage


area of the network and network density refers to the
number of nodes present per unit geographical area

• For larger networks, clustering is essential to keep the


communication overheads low.
MANET Design Protocol Issues
2- Connectivity

• Connectivity of a node usually refers to the number


of neighbours it has.

• A neighbour of a node is one that is in its


transmission range.

• The link capacity denotes the bandwidth of the link.


• In a MANET, both the number of neighbouring
nodes and the capacities of the links to different
neighbours may vary signi icantly.
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MANET Design Protocol Issues
4- User Traf ic

• The design of a MANET is carried out primarily based on the


anticipated node density, average rate of node movements, and
the expected traf ic.

• The traf ic in a network can be of various types. A network


protocol should leverage the characteristics of speci ic traf ic
types that are expected to improve its performance. The
common traf ic types are the following:

• Bursty traf ic
• Large packets sent periodically
• Combination of the above two types of traf ic
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MANET Design Protocol Issues
5- Operational Environment

• The operational environment of a mobile network


is usually either urban, rural and maritime.

• These operational environments support the Line


of Sight (LOS) communication.

• There can be a signi icant difference in the node


density and mobility values in different operational
environments, requiring different designs of mobile
networks to suit an operational environment.
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MANET Design Protocol Issues
6- Energy Constraint

• As no ixed infrastructure exists in a MANET; the


mobile nodes themselves store and forward packets.

• This additional role of mobile nodes as routers leads to


nodes incurring perennial routing related workload and
this consequently results in continual battery drainage.

• Though this overhead is indispensable if the network is


to be kept operational, the energy spent can be
substantially reduced by allowing the nodes to go into a
sleep mode whenever possible.
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Thank You
Questions?????

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