BDwbU

mij‡iLv 10
f‚wgKv

¯‹zj ch©v‡q BDwK¬wWqvb R¨vwgwZ cov‡bv n‡q‡Q| R¨vwgwZ‡Z mij‡iLv ïay A¼‡bi gva¨‡g msÁv †`qv n‡q‡Q| GLb
Avgiv GB †kªYx‡Z (x,y) ¯’vbvs‡Ki gva¨‡g wewfbœ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ mij‡iLvi bvbv iKg exRMwYZxq mgxKiY †c‡q
_vwK|

D‡Ïk¨
GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb-
0 mij‡iLvi Xvj (slope) m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
0 mij‡iLvi cÖwgZ mgxKiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb,
0 `ywU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`y wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
0 `yBwU mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
0 †iLv mg~n mgvš—ivj I j¤^ nIqvi kZ© wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
0 wZbwU mij‡iLv mgwe›`y nIqvi kZ© wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,
0 †iLv n‡Z we›`yi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 1 Xvj wbY©q

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 mij‡iLvi Xvj ev bwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges Zv cÖ‡qv‡M `¶Zv AR©b
Ki‡eb|
Xvj=tanθ
Xvj ev bwZ (Slope or Gradient) t †Kvb GKwU mij‡iLv Nwoi KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K Ny‡i x- A‡¶i
mv‡_ †h †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i, Zv‡K mij‡iLvi bwZ e‡j| Avi †Kv‡Yi U¨vb‡R›U‡K Xvj (slope)
e‡j|
hw` GKwU mij‡iLv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ θ †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, θ n‡jv †iLvwUi bwZ Ges tanθ n‡jv, mij‡iLvwUi Xvj|
Bnv‡K mvaviYZt m Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| A_©vr m = tanθ.
Y

θ
X′ X
O

Y′
Xv‡ji wPý
1bs wP‡Î, L1 mij‡iLvwU x- A‡¶i mv‡_ abvZ¥Kw`‡K m~²‡KvY K‡i Av‡Q| G‡¶‡Î Xvj = tanθ hv abvZ¥K n‡e|
2bs wP‡Î, L2 mij‡iLvwU x- A‡¶i mv‡_ abvZ¥K w`‡K ¯’~j‡KvY K‡i Av‡Q| G‡¶‡Î, Xvj = –tanθ hv FYvZ¥K|
L1 L2

¯’~j‡KvY
θ m~²‡KvY <

1bs wPÎ 2bs wPÎ

Xvj wbY©q
‡KvwU؇qi Aš—i
Xvj = f‚R؇qi Aš—i
g‡b Ki“b, AB GKwU mij‡iLv hv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ θ †Kv‡Y bZ Ges `ywU wbw`©ó we›`y P(x1,y1) I Q(x2,y2) w`‡q
AwZµg K‡i|
x- A‡¶i Dci PN I QL j¤^ AvuKzb| Avevi PM⊥QL Uvbyb|
∴ ON = x1, OL = x2 Y
B
∴ NL = PM = x2–x1
Q(x2,y 2)
Ges PN = ML = y1, QL = y2 y2–y1
P(x1,y 1)
θ
∴ BM = y2–y1 M
x 2–x 1
∴ ∆PQM †_‡K Avgiv cvB,
y2–y1 y2–y1
tanθ = x –x . i.e. m = x –x
2 1 2 1
X′
‡KvwU؇qi Aš—i A O N L X
i.e. Xvj =
f‚R؇qi Aš—i
Y′
BDwbU `k c„ôv-164
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

g‡b ivLvi welq

1. `ywU mij‡iLvi Xvj mgvb n‡j, †iLvØq mgvš—ivj nq|
2. `ywU mij‡iLvi Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj –1 n‡j, †iLvØq ci¯úi j¤^ nq|

D`vniY 1t (1, 5) I (3, –3) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki“b|

y2–y1 –3–5 –8
mgvavbt †iLvwUi Xvj, m = x –x = 3–1 = 2 = –4.
2 1

D`vniY-2 t (10,15) I (12, 17) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj Ges x- A‡¶i mv‡_ †iLvwUi bwZ evwni Ki“b|
y2–y1
mgvavb t †iLvwUi Xvj, m = x –x
2 1
17–15 2
⇒ m = 12–10 = 2 = 1.
awi, †iLvwUi bwZ θ| Avgiv cvB,
m = tanθ =1
π
⇒ tanθ = tan 4
π
∴ θ=4

Abykxjbx-10.1

1. wbæwjwLZ we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki“b|

(i) (0,0), (1, 3)
(ii) (5,4), (2,3)
(iii) (h,k), (0,0)
(iv) (ak2, 2ak), (ah2,2ah)
2. x-A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ (a) 45°, (b) 135°, (c) 0° Ges (d) 90° †Kv‡Y AvbZ mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q
Ki“b|
3. †`Lvb †h, A(0, –1) I B(1,1) Ges C(1,5) I D(–1,1) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM mij‡iLv ci¯úi mgvš—ivj|
4. †`Lvb †h, A(3,3), B(–3,1) Ges C(–1,–1), D(1,–7) we›`yØq Øviv MwVZ mij‡iLvØq AB I CD ci¯úi j¤^|
5. (x,y) I (2,–1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj –4 n‡j, †`Lvb †h, 4x+y–9=0.
6. A(–2,–4) Ges B(1,5) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki“b|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-165
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cvV 2 mij‡iLvi cÖwgZ mgxKiY mg~n

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
mij‡iLvi wewfbœ mgxKiY wbY©q I Zv cÖ‡qv‡M `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|
A‡¶‡iLvi mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
x=a‚ y=b
x- A‡¶i Dci y- Gi gvb k~b¨ Ges y- A‡¶i Dci x- Gi gvb ïb¨| myZivs x- A‡¶i mgxKiY y=0 Ges y-
A‡¶i mgxKiY x = 0
aiv hvK, AB mij‡iLvwU y- A‡¶i mv‡_ me©`v 'a' `~i‡Z¡ mÂvwiZ B
nq, Dnvi mgxKiY x = a hv y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj| Abyiƒcfv‡e, (a,b)
CD †iLvwU x- A‡¶i mv‡_ b `~i‡Z¡ mÂvwiZ n‡j, CD †iLvi C D
mgxKiY, y=b hv x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj|
A
X´ X
O
D`vniYt (i) x=3 †iLvwU y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj Ges y- A¶ †_‡K me©`v 3 GKK `~‡i mÂvwiZ n‡”Q|
(ii) y=9 †iLvwU x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj Ges x- A¶ †_‡K me©`v 9 GKK `~‡i Aew¯’Z|

g~jwe›`yMvgx I x- A‡¶i mv‡_ GKwU wbw`©ó †Kv‡Y AvbZ mij‡iLvi mgxKiY-

y = mx

g‡b Ki“b, g~jwe›`y O Ges †iLvwU x- A‡¶i mv‡_ θ †Kv‡Y bZ| †iLvwUi Dci †h †Kvb we›`y P(x,y) wbb|
x- A‡¶i Dci PN j¤^ Uvbyb| Y
P (x, y)
∴ ON = x, PN=y.
∴ mg‡KvYx wÎfzR OPN †_‡K Avgiv cvB,
y y
tanθ = x
θ
⇒ y = tanθ.x. - - - - - - - (i) < x X
O N
... Xvj, m = tanθ
∴ (i) bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq y = mx.

Abywm×vš—t (i) θ = 0° n‡j, OP, x- A‡¶i mv‡_ mgvcwZZ n‡e|

(ii) θ = 90°, n‡j OP, y A‡¶i mv‡_ mgvcwZZ n‡e|
g~jwe›`y I GKwU wbw`©ó we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY-
y1
y=x x
1
g‡b Ki“b, g~jwe›`y I GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y P(x1, y1) w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi Dci Q(x,y) GKwU we›`y|
x- A‡¶i Dci PR I QS j¤^ AvuKzb|
Y
Q(x, y)

P(x1 ,y1 )

< X
O R S

BDwbU `k c„ôv-166
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

∴ OR = x1, OS=x, PR =y1, QS=y.

∆OPR I ∆OQS m`„k e‡j Avgiv cvB,
OR PR
OS = QS
x1 y1
⇒ x = y
y y1
⇒x =x
1
y1
∴ y=x x
1

D`vniY-1 t g~jwe›`y I (6, –5) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

y1
mgvavb t Avcbviv Rv‡bb g~jwe›`y I GKwU wbw`©ó we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY y= x x
1
GLv‡b, (x1, y1) = (6, –5)
–5
∴ y= 6 x
⇒ 5x+6y = 0

y-A¶ †_‡K GKwU wbw`©ó Ask †Q` K‡i Ges x A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ GKwU †KvY DrcbœKvix mij‡iLvi
mgxKiY-
y = mx+C
g‡b Ki“b, y- A¶ †_‡K OC=C GKK Ges x A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ θ †KvY DrcbœKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
Y P(x,y)
↑

y– C

C θ ↓
N
↑ x
C
θ ↓
< x X
O L
mij‡iLvwUi Dci †h‡Kvb we›`y P(x,y) wbb| x- A‡¶i Dci PL j¤^ Uvbyb| Avevi, CN⊥PL AvuKzb| ∴
OL=CN=x Ges PN = y–C.
y–C
∴ mg‡KvYx wÎfzR PCN †_‡K tanθ = x
⇒ y–C = tanθ . x.
∴ y = mx +C [ ... tanθ = m ]

Abyt C=0 n‡j, y=mx †iLvwU g~jwe›`yMvgx †iLv‡K eySvq|

D`vniY-2 t GKwU mij‡iLv y A¶ †_‡K 15 GKK `~‡i †Q` K‡i Ges x A‡¶i mv‡_ 30° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
†iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t Avgiv Rvwb,
y = mx +C
⇒ y = tan30°.x + 15
x
⇒ y= + 15
3
⇒ x – 3 y + 15 3 = 0

BDwbU `k c„ôv-167
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

m Xvj wewkó I (x1, y1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY- y–y1 = m(x–x1)

g‡b Ki“b, mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY-
y = mx+C - - - - - - - - (i)
wKš—z (i) bs mij‡iLvwU (x1, y1) we›`y w`‡q hvq,
y1 = mx1+C - - - - - - - (ii)
(i) bs n‡Z (ii) bs we‡qvM K‡i, y–y1 = m(x–x1)
BnvB wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi mgxKiY|

D`vniY-3 t 45° †Kv‡Y AvbZ I (4, 5) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavbt Avcbviv Rv‡bb y–y1 = m(x–x1) - - - - - - - - (i)
GLv‡b, (x1, y1) = (4, 5) Ges m = tan45° ⇒ m = 1
∴ (i) bs n‡Z, y–5 = 1(x–4)
⇒ x–y+1 = 0

`ywU we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY

x–x1 y–y1
=
x1–x2 y1–y2

g‡b Ki“b, (x1, y1) I (y2, y2) `yBwU we›`y| AviI ai“b, m Xvj wewkó I (x1, y1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
y–y1 = m(x–x1) - - - - - - - (i)

wKš—z (i) bs mgxKiYwU (x2, y2) we›`yMvgx

∴ y2–y1 = m(x2–x1)
y2–y1
⇒ m = x –x
2 1
(i) bs G m- Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB-
y2–y1
y–y1 = x –x (x–x1)
2 1
y–y1 x–x1
⇒ y –y = x –x
2 1 2 1
x–x1 y–y1
⇒ x –x = y –y
1 2 1 2
x–x1 y–y1
A_©vr (x1, y2) I (y2, y2) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK †iLvi mgxKiY x –x = y –y
1 2 1 2

D`vniY 4 t (2,3) I (5, 6) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

mgvavb t (2, 3) I (5, 6) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvRb mij‡iLvi mgxKiY-
x–2 y–3 x–x1 y–y1
2–5 = 3–6 [ x –x = y –y m~‡Îi cÖ‡qvM ]
1 2 1 2
x–2 y–3
⇒ –3 = –3
⇒ x – 2 = y–3
⇒ x–y+1=0

BDwbU `k c„ôv-168
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

`ywU A¶ †_‡K wbw`©ó As‡ki ˆ`N©¨ †Q`Kvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q- [†Q`K AvK…wZ]
x y
a+b=1
aiv hvK, L bvgK mij‡iLvwU x I y- A¶ †_‡K h_vµ‡g OA =a Ges OB=b GKK As‡k †Q` K‡i| mij‡iLvwUi
Dci †h‡Kvb GKwU we›`y P(x,y) wbb| x I y A‡¶i Dci PN I PM j¤^ AuvKzb|
∴ OM = PN = y; PM = ON =x. Y
Avgiv cvB, B
∆AOB- Gi †¶Îdj = ∆AOP- †¶Îdj + ∆BOP- Gi †¶Îdj b
1 1 1
⇒ 2 .OA.OB = 2 .OA . PN + 2 .OB.PM P(x, y)
M
1 1 1
⇒ 2 a. b = 2 . a. y + 2 . b. x x y
⇒ ab = ay +bx. <O X
a N A
x y
∴ a +b =1

D`vniY 5 t GKwU mij‡iLv A¶Øq nB‡Z †h AskØq †Q` K‡i, Zv‡`i mgwó I Aš—i h_vµ‡g 9 Ges 5 GKK;
mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
x y
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY a + b = 1 - - - - - - - - - - - (1)
hvnv x- A¶ †_‡K a GKK Ges y- A¶ †_‡K b GKK Ask †K‡U †bq|
cÖkœg‡Z, a+b = 9 - - - - - - - - (2)
Ges a–b = 5 - - - - - - - - (3)
A_ev b–a = 5 - - - - - - - - (4)
(2) I (3) bs mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i, 2a = 14
∴ a=7
(2) bs n‡Z (3) bs mgxKiY †hvM K‡i, 2b = 4
∴ b=2.
Avevi, (2) bs I (4) bs mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i 2b = 14.
∴ b =7
Ges (2) bs n‡Z (4) bs mgxKiY we‡qvM K‡i 2a = 4
∴ a = 2.
x y
∴ mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY 7 + 2 = 1 ⇒ 2x+7y = 14
x y
A_ev 2 + 7 = 1 ⇒ 7x+2y = 14.

g~jwe›`y †_‡K †Kvb mij‡iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ x- A‡¶i mv‡_ α †Kv‡Y Drcbœ Ki‡j mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
xcosα + ysinα = P
g‡b Ki“b, g~jwe›`yi †_‡K AB mij‡iLvwUi j¤^ `~iZ¡, OP=P. Avevi ai“b P we›`ywUi ¯’vbvsK P(x,y) Ges AOP
= α| myZivs BOP =90°–α.
GLb ∆AOP n‡Z Y
OP B
cosα = OA
OP
⇒ OA =
cosα
- - - - - - - - - (i) 90°-α P
Ges ∆BOP †_‡K,
OP < α
cos(90°–α) = OB X
O A

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OP
⇒ OB = - - - - - - - - - - - (2)
sinα
Avevi, AB mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY
x y
OA + OB = 1 [ †Q`K AvK…wZi ]
x y
⇒ OP + OP = 1 [ (1) I (2) Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]
cosα sinα
⇒ xcosα + ysinα = OP
⇒ xcosα + ysinα = P
D`vniY 6 t GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv A¶ `ywUi mv‡_ 16 3 eM©GKK †¶Îdj wewkó wÎfzR Drcbœ
K‡i Ges g~jwe›`y †_‡K D³ †iLvi Dci AswKZ j¤^ x A‡¶i mv‡_ 60° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, g~jwe›`y †_‡K †iLvwUi j¤^ `~iZ¡ =P, †`qv Av‡Q α = 60°
∴ mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY, x cos60° + y sin60° = P
1 3
⇒ x. 2 + y . 2 = P - - - - - - - (i)
x y
⇒ 2P + 2P = 1
3
2P
hv x A¶ †_‡K 2P GKK Ges y A¶ †_‡K GKK Ask †K‡U †bq|
3
1 2P
cÖkœg‡Z, 2 . 2P. = 16 3
3
⇒ 2P2 = 48
⇒ P2 = 24.
∴ P=2 6.
∴ (1) bs-G, P=2 6 ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB,
x 3y
2 + 2 =2 6
⇒ x+ 3 y = 4 6
GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv, x- A‡¶i mv‡_ θ †KvY K‡i Av‡Q Ges hvi Dcwiw¯’Z GKwU Pjgvb we›`y
I GKwU wbw`©ó we›`yi `~iZ¡ =r.
x–x1 y–y1
= = r.
cosθ sinθ
g‡b Ki“b, LQP GKwU mij‡iLv| Bnv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ θ †KvY K‡i Av‡Q| Gi Dci P(x,y) GKwU Pjgvb we›`y I
Q(x1,y1) GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y †`qv Av‡Q| x- A‡¶i Dci QR, PN j¤^ I QS⊥PN AvuKzb|
∴ OR = x1, ON=x, QR = SN=y1, QP=r, Y
P(x,y)
Ges RN = QS = x–x1; PS = y–y1.
QS x–x1 Q(x1 ,y1 ) θ
∴ ∆PQS †_‡K cosθ = QP = r S
x–x1
⇒ = r - - - - - - - (1)
cosθ
y–y1
Ges sinθ = r X′
θ
L O R N
Y′

BDwbU `k c„ôv-170
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

y–y1
⇒ = r - - - - - - - - (2)
sinθ
x–x1 y–y1
(1) I (2) n‡Z = =r
cosθ sinθ

D`vniY-7 t P(3,4) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ 6 †KvY Drcbœ K‡i Ges 12x+5y+10=0 †iLv‡K Q we›`y‡Z
†Q` K‡i| PQ- Gi gvb evwni Ki“b|
mgvavb t x A‡¶i mv‡_ 6 †KvY DrcbœKvix Ges P(3,4) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
x–3 y–4
= = r.
cos6 sin6
x–3 y–4
⇒ = 1 = r.
3
2 2
3
⇒ x = 2 r + 3,
1
y = 2 r+4

Gi †h‡Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ Q we›`ywUi ¯’vbvsK =  2 +3‚ 2 r+ 4

3r 1
∴ r-
Q we›`ywU 12x+5y+10 = 0 †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
 3r 
∴ 12 2 + 3 + 5 2 r + 4 + 10 = 0
1
   
5
⇒ 6 3 r + 36 + 2 r + 20 + 10 = 0

⇒ 12 3 r + 72+5r + 40 + 20 =0
⇒ r (12 3 +5) = –132.
132
∴ r=–
12 3 + 5
132
AZGe wb‡Y©q `~iZ¡
12 3 + 5

D`vniY 8 t 12y–3x–4 = 0 mij‡iLvwUi

(i) Xvj wbY©q Ki“b
(ii) x I y A‡¶i †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK evwni Ki“b|
mgvavb t (i) †`qv Av‡Q,
12y–3x–4 = 0 - - - - - - - (i)
3 4
⇒ y = + 12 x + 12
1 1
⇒ y = 4 x + 3 hvnv y = mx+C AvKv‡ii|
1
∴ †iLvwUi Xvj = 4
1
bs G, x = 0 ewm‡q, 12y = 4 ∴ y = 3
(ii) (i)

Ges ∴ x- A‡¶i Dci †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK = 0‚ 3

1

4
FmÄ y = 0 mKxP~, x = – 3
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A‡¶i Dci †Q`we›`y = – 3‚ 0 .

4
∴ y-

D`vniY 9 t 2 Xvj wewkó I (2,7) we›`yMvgx GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY evwni Ki“b| mij‡iLvwU y- A¶‡K †h
we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i, Zv wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t 2 Xvj wewkó I (2, 7) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y–7 = 2(x–2).
⇒ 2x–y+3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - (i)
†h‡nZz †iLvwU y- A¶‡K †Q` K‡i, AZGe x=0,
myZivs (i) bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq 2.0 – y+3 = 0
⇒ y = 3.
∴ †iLvwU y- A¶‡K (0, 3) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

D`vniY 10 t GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ α †KvY Drcbœ K‡i I x- A¶‡K a `~i‡Z¡
†Q` K‡i|
mgvavb t GLv‡b, m = tanα
C B
tan ( –α) = a
C α
⇒ C = – a tanα. š– α <
O a A
∴ mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY, y = tanα. x –a tanα [ y=mx+C m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ ]
y
⇒ x–a =
tanα
∴ x – y cotα = a

D`vniY 11 t GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hvi A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ Ask (–5, 4) we›`y‡Z 1 t 2
Abycv‡Z wef³ nq|
x y
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY, a + b = 1 - - - - - - - (i)

hv x- A¶‡K A(a,0) I y- A¶‡K B(0,b) we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i|

GLb, AB †iLvwU (–5,4) we›`y‡Z 1t 2 Abycv‡Z wef³ nq|
1.0+2.a 15
∴ –5= 1+2 ⇒ 2a = –15 ∴ a=– 2
1.b+2.0
Ges 4 = 1+2 ⇒ b = 12.

∴ (i) bs G, a I b- Gi gvb ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB,

x y
15 + 12 = 1.
–2

2x y
⇒ – 15 + 12 = 1

⇒ 8x – 5y + 60 = 0.

BDwbU `k c„ôv-172
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

Abykxjbx-10.2

1. (–3, 5) we›`yMvgx I x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

2. (4, 7) we›`yMvgx y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
3. g~jwe›`y I (1, 2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
4. g~jwe›`yMvgx I x- A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ 60° †Kv‡Y AvbZ mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
5. GKwU mij‡iLv (0, 3) we›`y w`‡q Mgb K‡i Ges x- A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ 45° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i|
†iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
6. GKwU mij‡iLv A¶Ø‡qi ms‡M GKwU mg‡KvYx wÎfzR Drcbœ K‡i hvi AwZfz‡Ri ˆ`N©¨ 13 GKK Ges
†¶Îdj 30 eM©GKK| mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
7. 16x+9y–7 = 0 Ges x cosα+ysinα=P GKB mij‡iLv wb‡`©k Ki‡j, P- Gi gvb wbY©q Ki“b|
2
8. (–5, 3) we›`yMvgx I 3 Xvj wewkó mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
9. GKwU mij‡iLvi A¶Ø‡qi ga¨eZx© LwÛZ Ask (–4, 3) we›`y‡Z 5 t1 Abycv‡Z Aš—we©f³ nq| mij‡iLvwUi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
10. GKwU mij‡iLv (1,3) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges hv Øviv A¶Ø‡qi †Qw`Zvs‡ki mgwó 4GKK| †iLvwUi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki“b|
11. g~jwe›`y †_‡K †Kvb mij‡iLvi j¤^`~iZ¡ 4 GKK Ges Dnv x- A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ 30° †KvY Drcbœ
K‡i| mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
12. GKwU mij‡iLv (4,10) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i Ges y- A¶‡K 5 GKK `~‡i †Q` K‡i| mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki“b|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-173
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cvV 3 mij †iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 mij‡iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY †h Ax + By + C = 0 AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv hvq Zv
eY©bv, e¨vL¨v I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mij‡iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY

†K mij‡iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY ev Av`k© mgxKiY (Standard equation) e‡j|
Ax + By + C = 0
mij‡iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY †h mij‡iLvi wewfbœ mgxKi‡Yi mv‡_ mgZzj¨ Zv wb‡æ †`Lvb nj|
(i) Ax + By + C = 0
ev, By = –Ax – C
A C
ev, y = – B x – B

Dc‡iv³ mgxKiYwU e Xvj I n A¶ †_‡K D GKK Ask KwZ©Z mij‡iLvi mgxKiY n = em+D Gi mgZ‚j¨|

(ii) Ax + By + C = 0
ev, Ax + By = – C
Ax By
ev, –C + –C = 1
x y
ev, C + C = 1
–A –B
x y
Dc‡iv³ mgxKiYwU x A¶ †_‡K a Ges y A¶ †_‡K b GKK ˆ`N©¨ KZ©bKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY a + b = 1 Gi
mgZzj¨|
(iii) mij‡iLvi Av`k© mgxKiY Ax + By + C = 0 Ges g~jwe›`y †_‡K †Kvb †iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ P hv x A‡¶i mv‡_ α
†KvY DrcbœKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY x cos α + y sin α = P ev xcos α + y sin α – P = 0 hw` GKB mij‡iLv
wb‡`©k K‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i Abyiƒc mnM¸‡jv mgvbycvwZK n‡e|
A B C
A_©vr cosα = sinα = –P
A C B C
AZGe, cosα = –P Ges sinα = –P
–AP –BP
ev, cos α = C Ges sin α = C
A2P2 B2P2
GLb cos2α + sin2α = + 2
C2 C
P2 2
ev, 1 = (A + B2)
C2
C2
ev, P2 = 2
A + B2
C
ev, P=±
A2+B2

wKš—z j¤^ `~iZ¡ P me mgq abvZ¥K, AZGe A2 + B2 Gi wPý C Gi Abyiƒc n‡e|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-174
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

C
C Gi abvZ¥K gv‡bi Rb¨ P =
A2+B2
–AP –A
∴ cos α = C =
A2 + B2
–BP –B
Ges sin α = C =
A2 + B2

AZGe x cos α + y sin α = P mgxKiYwU n‡e-

–Ax –By C
+ =
A2+B2 A2 + B2 A2 + B2

–C
Avevi C Gi FYvZ¥K gv‡bi Rb¨ P =
A2 + B2
–AP A
ZLb cos α = C =
A 2 + B2
–BP B
Ges sin α = C =
A2 + B2
AZGe x cos α + y sin α = P mgxKiYwU n‡e
Ax Bx –C
+ =
A2+B2 A2 + B2 A2 + B2

wet `ªt Dc‡iv³ mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e j¤^ `~iZ¡ P Gi gvb me©`vB abvZ¥K|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-175
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cvV 4 `ywU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`y

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 `yBwU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`y wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

`ywU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`y

`ywU mij‡iLv GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j, H wbw`©ó we›`y‡K Zv‡`i †Q` we›`y e‡j|

†Q`we›`y wbY©‡qi c×wZ

g‡b Ki“b, mij‡iLv `ywU
L1 = a1x+b1y+c1= 0
Ges L2 = a2x+b2y+c2 = 0
Y L2 L1

†Q`we›`y

X ΄ O (0.0)
X

Y΄
x y 1
eRª¸Y‡Yi gva¨‡g b1c2–b2c1 = c1a2–c2a1 = a1b2–a2b1

b1c2–b2c1 c1a2–c2a1
∴ x = a b –a b ‚ y = a b –a b
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

∴ †iLv `y'wUi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK  b1c2–b2c1 c1a2–c2a1 

= a b –a b ‚ a b –a b 
 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
†Q` we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY
g‡b Ki“b mij †iLv `yBwU
L1 = a1x+b1y+c1 = 0 - - - - - - - (i)
Ges L2 = a2x+b2y+c2 = 0 - - - - - - - (ii)
D³ mij‡iLv؇qi †Q`we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY,
L1 + λL2 = 0, λ GKwU B”Qvg~jK aª“eK|
⇒ a1x+b1y+c1+λ (a2x+b2y+c2) = 0 - - - - - - - (iii)

hw` (3) bs mgxKiYwU GKwU we›`y (x1, y1) w`‡q hvq, Zvn‡j mgxKiYwU D³ we›`y Øviv wm× n‡e| d‡j λ- Gi gvb
cvIqv hv‡e| (3) bs-G λ- Gi gvb emv‡j wb‡Y©q mgxKiYwU cvIqv hv‡e|

D`vniY 1 t 3x+4y–12=0 I 4x–3y+12=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y wbY©q Ki“b|

mgvavb t 3x+4y –12=0
4x–3y+12=0
x y 1
m\sèePjr oJiqPo, 48–36 = –48–36 = –9–16

BDwbU `k c„ôv-176
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

x y 1
⇒ 12 = –84 = –25 .
12 84
∴ x = – 25 , y = 25

∴ †Q`we›`ywU = – 25 ‚ 25
12 84
 

D`vniY 2 t 2x+3y+1=0 I 3x–2y+9=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y I (2,3) we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q
Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q
2x + 3y + 1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - (i)
3x –2y +9 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
x y 1
eRª¸Y‡bi gva¨‡g, 27+2 = 3–18 = –4–9 .
x y 1
⇒ 29 = –15 = –13
29 15
⇒ x = – 13 , y = 13

I (2) bs †iLvq †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK – 13‚ 13 .

29 15
∴ (1)

GLb  13 ‚ 13 I (2, 3) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY,

–29 15

15
3 – 13 y2–y1
y –3 = 29 (x–2) [ y–y1 = m(x–x1) Ges m = x –x m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ ]
2+ 13 2 1

39–15
13
⇒ y–3 = 26+29 (x–2)
13
24
⇒ y–3 = 55 (x–2)

⇒ 55(y–3) = 24 (x–2)
⇒ 55y – 165 = 24x–48
⇒ 24x–55y + 117 = 0

D`vniY-3 t 5x–3y–10=0 I x–y+1=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y Ges (3,2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q
5x–3y–10=0 - - - - - - - - - - (1)
Ges x–y+1 = 0 - - - - - - - - (2)
(1) I (2) Gi †Q` we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY 5x–3y–10+λ(x–y+1)=0 - - -(3)
†h‡nZz (3) bs mgxKiYwU (3, 2) we›`yMvgx, myZivs we›`ywU Øviv mgxKiYwU wm× n‡e|
∴ 5.3 –3.2 –10+λ (3–2+1) = 0
⇒ 15–6–10+ λ(2) = 0
⇒ 2λ – 1 = 0
1
⇒ λ=2.

BDwbU `k c„ôv-177
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

1
(3) bs G λ = 2 ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB
1
5x–3y–10+2 (x–y+1) = 0
⇒ 10x–6y–20+x–y+1=0
⇒ 11x –7y − 19 = 0

gš—e¨ t GB mgm¨vwU eRª¸Y‡bi gva¨‡g †Q`we›`y †ei K‡i, †Q`we›`y I cÖ`Ë we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY †ei Kiv
hvq|

Abykxjbx-10.3

1. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv g~jwe›`y I 2x–3y+1=0 Ges x+2y–3=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q
Mgb K‡i|
2. 2x–3y=0 Ges 4x–5y=2 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y I (2,1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
3. †`Lvb †h, a1x+b1y+c1=0 Ges a2x+b2y+c2=0 mij‡iLv؇qi †Q`we›`yMvgx Ges (α,β) we›`yMvgx
a1x+b1y+c1 a2x+b2y+c2
mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, a α+b β+c = a α+b β+c
1 1 1 2 2 2

4. 5x–3y–10=0 Ges x–y+1=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y I g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
5. (2,–1) we›`yMvgx I 2y+5=0 I 3x+y=6 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q AwZµvš— mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

x y x y
6. g~jwe›`y Ges a + b =1 I b + a =1 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
7. 2x–7y+11=0 Ges x+3y–8=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y I g~jwe›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-178
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

cvV 5 `ywU mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †KvY

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 `yBwU mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

m1–m2
tanθ = ± 1+m m
1 2

g‡b Ki“b, `ywU ci¯úi‡”Q`x mij‡iLv L1 I L2, x A‡¶i abvZ¥K w`‡Ki mv‡_ h_vµ‡g θ1 I θ2 †KvY Drcbœ

K‡i|
myZivs L1 †iLvi Xvj, m1 = tanθ1 Ges L2 †iLvi Xvj, m2 = Y
L2 L1
tanθ2
g‡b Ki“b, †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY = θ.
θ
Avgiv Rvwb, †Kvb wÎfz‡Ri ewnt¯’‡KvY Dnvi Aš—t¯’ wecixZ θ2
θ1
X′ X
†KvY؇qi mgwói mgvb|
∴ θ1+θ = θ2 Y′

⇒ θ = θ2–θ1
⇒ tanθ = tan(θ2–θ1)
tanθ2–tanθ1
⇒ tanθ =
1+tanθ1 . tanθ2
m2–m1
⇒ tanθ = 1+m m , m2>m1 - - - - - - - - (i)
1 2
m1–m2
Avevi, tanθ = 1+m m , m1>m2 - - - - - - - - - (ii)
1 2
m1–m2
(i) bs I (ii) bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq tanθ = ± 1+m m
1 2

D`vniY -1 t 3x+4y–7=0 Ges 3x–4y+1=0 †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY wbY©q Ki“b|

mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q 3x+4y–7=0
3 7
⇒ y=–4 x+3

3
†iLvwUi Xvj, m1 = – 4
Avevi, 3x–4y+1=0
3 1
⇒ y=4 x+4

3
†iLvwUi Xvj, m2 = 4

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GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

m2–m1
Avgiv Rvwb, tanθ = 1+m m (m2>m1)
1 2
3  3
4 – – 4
⇒ tanθ = 3 3
1– 4 . 4

6
4 6 16 24
⇒ tanθ = 7 = 4 ∞ 7 = 7
16
24
∴ θ = tan–1 7 .

D`vniY-2 t `ywU mij‡iLv (6, –7) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges y+x 3 –1=0 †iLvi mv‡_ 45° †KvY Drcbœ K‡i| †iLv؇qi
mgxKiY evwni Ki“b|
mgvavb t
g‡b Ki“b, m Xvj wewkó I (6, –7) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvq mgxKiY, y+7 = m(x–6) - - - - - - (i)
Avevi †`Lv Av‡Q, y+x 3 –1 = 0
⇒ y = – 3 x + 1 - - - - - - - - (2)
GB †iLvwUi Xvj, m2 = – 3
(i) I (ii) Gi ga¨eZx© †KvY 45°
m–(– 3)
∴ tan45° = ±
1+(– 3)m
m+ 3
⇒ 1=±
1– 3m
⇒ 1– 3 m = ± (m+ 3 )
'+' wPý w`‡q, 1– 3 m = m+ 3
⇒ 1– 3 = m(1+ 3 )
1– 3 (1– 3)2 1–2 3+3
⇒ m= = 1–3 = –2
1+ 3
= –2 + 3
'–' wPý w`‡q, 1– 3 m = –m– 3 .
⇒ 1+ 3 = –m(1– 3 )
1+ 3 1+2 3+3
⇒m=– = 1–3 = –2 – 3 .
1– 3
∴ (i) bs m- Gi gvb ewm‡q,
y+7 = (–2+ 3 ) (x–6)
Ges y+7 = – (2+ 3 )(x–6)

D`vniY 3 t x–2y–1=0 I 2x+3y+2=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y MgbKvix I tan45° Xvj wewkó mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q
BDwbU `k c„ôv-180
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

x–2y–1= 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - (i)
2x+3y+2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - (ii)
x y 1
eRª¸Y‡bi gva¨‡g, –4+3 = –2–2 = 3+4
x y 1
⇒ –1 = –4 = 7

1 4
∴ x=–7 ,y=–7

I (ii) Gi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK =  – 7 ‚ – 7 

1 4
∴ (i)

∴ – 7‚ – 7
1 4
  we›`yMvgx I tan45° wewkó mij‡iLvi mgxKiY

y+ 4 = tan45° x+ 1

 7  7
7y+4 7x+1
⇒ 7 = 7 [ ... tan45° = 1]

⇒ 7x + 1= 7y + 4
∴ 7x –7y –3 = 0

D`vniY 4 t x-A‡¶i mgvš—ivj Ges x–3y+2=0 Ges x+2y–4=0 †iLvi †Q`we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y = b - - - - - - (i)
Avevi †`qv Av‡Q, x–3y+2 = 0 - - - - - - - (2)
x+2y–4 = 0 - - - - - - - (3)
x y 1
(2) I (3) eRª¸Yb K‡i- 12–4 = 2+4 = 2+3
x y 1
⇒ 8 =6 =5

8 6
∴ x=5 ,y=5

I (3) Gi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK = 5‚ 5

8 6
∴ (2)

†h‡nZz (1) bs †iLvwU †Q`we›`y 5 ‚ 5 w`‡q AwZµg K‡i, Avgiv cvB, 5 = b
8 6 6

6
(1) bs b- Gi gvb ewm‡q, y = 5
⇒ 5y –6 = 0

D`vniY 5 t 4x–3y–1=0 Ges 2x–3y+3=0 †iLv `ywUi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges A¶Øq †_‡K mgvb mvswLKgv‡bi
Ask †Q` K‡i, Ggb mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q
4x–3y–1 = 0 - - - - - - - (i)

Ges 2x–3y+3 = 0 - - - - - - - (ii)

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(i) I (ii) Gi †Q`we›`y w`‡q MgbKvix mij‡iLvi mgxKiY,

4x–3y–1+k(2x–3y+3) = 0, k 0 - - - - - - - - (iii)

⇒ (4+2k)x + (–3–3k)y = 1–3k.

x y
⇒ 1–3k + 1–3k = 1.
4+2k –3–3k

†h‡nZz (iii) bs †iLvwU A¶Øq †_‡K mgvb mvswL¨Kgv‡bi Ask †Q` K‡i,
1–3k 1–3k
4+2k = ± –3–3k
1 1
⇒ 4+2k = ± 3+3k

⇒ 3+3k = ± (4+2k)

'+' wPý wb‡q, 3+3k = 4+2k ⇒ k = 1

7
'–' " " , 3+3k = –4–2k ⇒ 5k = –7 ∴ k = – 5

(iii) bs-G, k- Gi gvb ewm‡q, 6x–6y+2=0 ⇒ 3x–3y+1=0

A_ev 20x –15y–5–14x+21y–21=0
⇒ 6x+6y–26=0.

Abykxjbx-10.4
1. mx – ny + a = 0 Ges nx + my + b = 0 †iLv؇qi Aš—f©y³ †KvY wbY©q Ki“b|

2. we›`y Ges x – y + 4 = 0 I y – 2x – 5 = 0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q AwZµvš— mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q

(3, 2)
Ki“b| wb‡Y©q †iLvwUi mv‡_ cÖ`Ë †iLvØq wK cwigvY †KvY ˆZwi K‡i ZvI wbY©q Ki“b|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-182
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cvV 6 †iLvmg~n mgvš—ivj I j¤^ nIqvi kZ©

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 `yBwU mij‡iLv ci¯úi mgvš—ivj I j¤^ nIqvi kZ© wbY©q I Zv cÖ‡qv‡M `¶Zv
AR©b Ki‡eb|

m1–m2
c~e©eZx© cvV †_‡K Avcbviv Rv‡bb tanθ = ± 1+m m - - - - - - - (1)
1 2

(K) `yBwU mij‡iLv mgvš—ivj nIqvi kZ© t

hw` θ =0° A_ev 180° nq Zvn‡j L1 & L2 †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj n‡e|
m1–m2
A_©vr 0 = ± 1+m m [ ∴ tan0° = 0 Ges tan 180° = 0 ]
1 2
⇒ m1 = m2
A_©vr †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj n‡e hw` †iLv؇qi XvjØq mgvb nq|

(L )`yBwU mij‡iLv j¤^ nIqvi kZ© t

hw` †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© †KvY 90° nq Z‡e Zviv ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e|
m1–m2
AZGe (1) bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq tan90° = = ± 1+m m
1 2
⇒ 1+ m1m2=0
∴ m1m2 = –1
A_©vr †iLvØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e hw` Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj –1 nq|
m1 = m2⇒ mgvš—ivj
m1m2 = –1 ⇒ j¤^
(M) a1x + b1y +c1 = 0 Ges a2x + b2y+c2 = 0 †iLv `ywU mgvš—ivj I j¤^ nIqvi kZ©
ai“b L1 + a1x+b1y+c1 = 0 - - - - - - - (2)
Ges L2 + a2x+b2y+c2 = 0 - - - - - - - (3)
a1
(2) bs †iLvi Xvj, m1 = – b
1
a2
(3) bs †iLvi Xvj, m2 = – b
2
a1 a2
b1 – b2
AZGe (1) bs n‡Z cvIqv hvq tanθ = ± a1a2
1+ b b
1 2
a1b2 – a2b1
⇒ tanθ = ± a a +b b - - - - - - - (4)
1 2 1 2

(i) mgvš—ivj nIqvi kZ© t

L1 I L2 ci¯úi mgvš—ivj n‡e hw` θ = 0° ev 180° nq,

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a1b2–a2b1
∴ (4) bs n‡Z cvq, 0 = ± a b +b b
1 2 1 2
⇒ a1b2 – a2b1 = 0
⇒ a1b2 = a2b1
a1 b1
⇒ a =b
2 2

(ii) j¤^ nIqvi kZ© t

L1, L2 ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e hw` Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© †KvY 90° nq|
a1b2–a2b1
myZivs (4) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB tan90° = ± a a +b b
1 2 1 2
a1b2–a2b1
⇒ = ± a a +b b
1 2 1 2
⇒ a1a2 + b1b2 = 0

mgvš—ivj I j¤^ †iLvi mgxKiY

GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY L1 + ax + by + c = 0 - - - - - - - - (5)
a c
⇒ y=–b x–a
a
∴ †iLvwUi Xvj, m1 = – b

(i) mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY

ai“b (5) bs Gi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY y = m2x + k
†h‡nZz †iLvØq mgvš—ivj AZGe m1 = m2
a
y=–b x+k
⇒ ax + by – bk =0
⇒ ax+by+λ = 0
i.e. mgvš—ivj †iLvi †¶‡Î x I y- Gi c` AcwieZ©kxj, ïay aª“eK c‡`i cwieZ©b NU‡e|

(ii) j¤^ †iLvi mgxKiY

ai“b (5) bs Gi Dci j¤^ †h †Kvb †iLvi mgxKiY y = m2x + k
†h‡nZz †iLv Øviv ci¯úi j¤^ AZGe, m1m2 = –1
1 1 b
ev, m2 = – m = – a = – a
1
–b
b
∴ y = a x + k.
⇒ ay = bx + ak
⇒ bx –ay + ak = 0
⇒ bx–ay + λ = 0
AZGe j¤^ †iLvi †¶‡Î x I y Gi mnM ci¯úi ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i Ges c` `yBwUi g‡a¨i wPý cwiewZ©Z nq|
GLv‡b aª“eK c‡`iI cwieZ©b N‡U|
D`vniY 1 t †`Lvb †h, 4x+3y+1=0 Ges 3x–4y+19=0 †iLvØq ci¯úi j¤^|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q, 4x+3y+1=0 - - - - - - (i)
Ges 3x–4y+19 = 0 - - - - (ii)
(i) bs n‡Z cvB, 4x+3y+1 = 0
BDwbU `k c„ôv-184
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4 1
⇒ y=–3 x–3
4
†iLvwUi Xvj, m1 = – 3
Ges (ii) bs n‡Z cvB, 3x–4y+19 = 0
3 19
⇒ y=4 x+ 4
3
†iLvUi Xvj, m2 = 4
4 3
∴ Xvj؇qi ¸Ydj, m1m2 = – 3 ∞ 4 = –1
AZGe †iLvØq ci¯úi j¤^|

D`vniY 2 t †`Lvb †h, 4x+by+k=0 Ges 4x+by+λ=0 †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj|

4
mgvavb t 4x+by+k=0 †iLvwUi Xvj, m1 = – b
4
Ges 4x+by+l = 0 " " , m2 = – b
†h‡nZz †iLv؇qi XvjØq ci¯úi mgvb , AZGe †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj|

D`vniY-3 t 6x+7y+1=0 †iLvi Dci j¤^ I (1,2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q 6x+7y+1=0 - - - - - - - - - - (1)
ai“b, (i) Gi Dci j¤^‡iLvi mgxKiY,
7x–6y+k = 0 - - - - - - - - (2)
wKš—z (2) bs †iLvwU (1,2) we›`y w`‡q hvq, AZGe (2) bs †iLvwU (1,2) we›`y Øviv wm× n‡e|
∴ 7 – 12 + k = 0 ⇒ k = 5
(2) bs-G, k = 5 ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB,
7x – 6y + 5 = 0.

D`vniY-4 t ax+by+c=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj I (p, q) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t ai“b, ax+by+c=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY ax+by+k=0 - - - - - - (1)
wKš—z Bnv (p, q) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i|
∴ ap + bq + k = 0
⇒ k = – (ap+bq)
(1) bs G, k- Gi gvb ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB,
ax + by –(ap+bg) = 0

D`vniY 5 t 3x–y+4 = 0 I 2x+5y–1=0 †iLvi †Q`we›`yMvgx I 4x+7y+10=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY
wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q 3x–y+4 = 0 - - - - - - (1)
Ges 2x + 5y –1 = 0 - - - - -(2)
eRª¸Y‡bi gva¨‡g (1) I (2) †_‡K Avgiv cvB,
x y 1
1–20 = 8+3 = 15+2
x y 1
⇒ –19 = 11 = 17
19 11
⇒ x = – 17 y = 17

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I (2)- Gi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK = – 17 ‚ 17

19 11
∴ (1)
g‡b Ki“b, 4x+7y+10=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY 4x+7y+k=0 - - - - - - - (3)
wKš—z (3) bs †iLvwU – 17 ‚ 17 we›`y w`‡q hvq|
19 11

–76 77
AZGe 17 + 17 + k = 0
1
⇒ k = – 17
1 1
(3) bs G, k = – 17 ewm‡q, Avgiv cvB, 4x+7y– 17 = 0.

Abykxjbx-10.5

1. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv 2x+y=3 Ges x–2y=4 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges 5x+6y=7
†iLvi Dci j¤^ nq|
2. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hvnv x–y+1=0 I 3x+y–5=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges 7x–
8y+13=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj nq|

3. GKwU mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b hv (1,2) we›`y w`‡q hvq Ges 2x–y–3=0 †iLvi Dci j¤^ nq|
4. λ- Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2x+3y+4+λ (6x–y+12)=0 mij‡iLvwU
(i) y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj n‡e|
(ii) 7x+5y=4 †iLvi Dci j¤^ n‡e|
5. 2x–3y=0 Ges 4x–5y=2 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`yMvgx Ges
(i) x+2y+1=0 †iLvi Dci j¤^ †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
(ii) 3x–4y+5=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

6. 2x–7y+11=0 Ges x+3y–8=0 †iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y Ges

(i) y– A‡¶i mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
(ii) 5x+3y–2=0 †iLvi mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
(iii) 2x–5y+6=0 †iLvi Dci j¤^‡iLvi mgxKiY 5x+2y–13=0.

7. (–2, 4) I (4, 6) we›`y؇qi ms‡hvM †iLvi j¤^wØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

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cvV 7 wZbwU mij‡iLv mgwe›`y nIqvi kZ©

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 wZbwU mij‡iLv mgwe›`y wKbv Zv wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

wZbwU mij‡iLv mgwe›`y nIqvi kZ©

hw` wZbwU mij‡iLv GKB we›`y w`‡q Mgb K‡i, ZLb mij‡iLvwU wZbwU mgwe›`y|

g‡b Ki“b, wZbwU mgwe›`y mij‡iLv-

L1 + a1x+b1y+c1=0 - - - - - - - - - - - (i) y
L2 L
L3 1
L2 + a2x+b2y+c2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - (ii)
L3 + a3x+b3y+c3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - (iii)
x´ x
eRª¸Y‡bi gva¨‡g (i) I (ii) †_‡K Avgiv cvB, O(o,o)
x y 1
b1c2–b2c1 = c1a2–c2a1 = a1b2–a2b1

b1c2–b2c1 c1a2–c2a1 y´
⇒ x = a b –a b , y = a b –a b
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1

b1c2–b2c1 c1a2–c2a1
∴ (1) I (2) Gi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK = a b –a b ‚ a b –a b 
 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
∴ wZbwU mij‡iLv mgwe›`y n‡j †Q`we›`ywU (3) bs †iLvi Dci Aew¯’Z|
 b1c2–b2c1   c1a2–c2a1 
∴ a3a b –a b  + b3 a b –a b  + c3 = 0
 1 2 2 1  1 2 2 1
⇒ a3(b1c2–b2c1) + b3 (c1a2–c2a1) + c3(a1b2–a2b1) = 0

⇒ a1(b2c3–b3c2) + b1(c2a3–c3a2) + c1(a2b3–a3b2) = 0

⇒ a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 =0
a3 b3 c3

BnvB wb‡Y©q mgwe›`y nIqvi kZ©|

D`vniY 1 t 2x+3y+1=0, 3x+5y+6=0 Ges 5x+y+2=0 †iLv wZbwU mgwe›`y wKbv hvPvB Ki“b|
mgvavb t Avgiv Rvwb wZbwU †iLv mgwe›`y nIqvi kZ©
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 =0
a3 b3 c3

GLv‡b, a1 =2, b1 =3, c1 =1, a2 =3, b2 =5, c2 = 6, a3 =5, b3 = 1, c3 =2

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myZivs
2 3 1
3 5 6
5 1 2
= 2(10–6) –3(6–5)+1 (3–15)
= 2∞4 –3–12
= 8–3–12
= –7 0
∴ †iLvÎq mgwe›`y b‡n|

D`vniY-2 t cÖgvY Ki“b 3x–4y+5=0, 7x–8y+5=0 Ges 4x+5y=45 †iLvÎq mgwe›`y|

mgvavb t cÖ`Ë cÖ_g `ywU mgxKiY 3x–4y= – 5 - - - - - - - - (i)
7x–8y = – 5 - - - - - - - -(ii)
1g mgxKiY‡K 7 Ges 2q mgxKiY‡K 3 Øviv ¸Y Ki“b Ges 2q mgxKiY †_‡K 1g mgxKiY we‡qvM Ki“b-
21x –28y = – 35
21x –24y = –15
⇒ 4y = 20 ⇒ y = 5
y- Gi gvb 1g mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q ⇒ 21x–28.5 = –35
⇒ x = 5.
1g I 2q mgxKi‡Yi †Q`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (5,5)
GwU 3q mgxKiY 4x + 5y = 45 ‡K wm× K‡i|
myZivs mgxKiYÎq mgwe›`y|

D`vniY 3 t 3x–4y+4a=0, 2x–3y+4a=0, 5x–y+a=0 †iLvÎq Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavbt
B

C 3x–4y+4a=0 A
3x–4y+4a = 0 - - - - - - - - (1)
2x–3y+4a = 0 - - - - - - - - (2)
5x –y+a = 0 - - - - - - - - - (3)
(1) Ges (2) mij‡iLv؇qi †Q`we›`yi A:
x y 1
∴ A Gi ¯’vbvsK ⇒ –16a+12a = 8a–12a = –9+8
∴ A (4a, 4a)
(2) Ges (3) mij‡iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y B

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x y 1
∴ B Gi ¯’vbvsK ⇒ –3a+4a = 20a–2a = –2+15
∴ B 13 ‚ 13 
a 18a
 
(1) Ges (3) mij‡iLv؇qi †Q`we›`y C
x y 1
∴ C we›`yi ¯’vbvsK ⇒ –4a+4a = 20a–3a = –3+20
∴ C(0, a)
∴ ABC wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj t

= 2 4a. 13 – 13 . 4a + 13.a – 0. 13  + (0.4a–4a.a)

1 18a a a 18a
    
1 2 72 4 1
= 2 . a 13 – 13 + 13 – 4 
 
a 2
= 26 [ 72–4+1–52 ]
17a2
= 26

Abykxjbx-10.6

1. †`Lvb †h, 5x+3y=7, 3x–4y=10 Ges x+2y=0 †iLvÎq mgwe›`y|

2. P- Gi gvb KZ n‡j y=3x–1, 2y=x+3 Ges 3y=px+4 †iLvÎq mgwe›`y n‡e?
3. hw` 3x+y–2=0, ax+2y+3=0 Ges 2x–y–3=0 mij‡iLvÎq mgwe›`y nq, Z‡e a Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
4. y = m1x+c1, y = m2x+c2, x = 0 Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki“b|
5. x+y–1=0, 2x+y–4=0 Ges x–y=0 †iLv wZbwU Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri †¶Îdj wbY©q Ki“b|

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cvV 8 †iLv n‡Z we›`yi `~iZ¡ I mgvš—ivj †iLvi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


GKwU we›`y n‡Z GKwU mij‡iLvi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
`yBwU mgvš—ivj †iLvi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡eb|

†iLv n‡Z we›`yi `~iZ¡

(i) mij‡iLvi j¤^vK…wZ (xcosα+ysinα = p) n‡j-

`~iZ¡ = | x1cosα + y1sinα –P |

g‡b Ki“b, AB: xcos α + ysinα = P - - - - -(i) GKwU mij‡iLv Ges L(x1,y1) GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y| P n‡jv g~jwe›`y
n‡Z (i) bs †iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ A_©vr ON=P Ges α n‡jv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ ON KZ©„K m„ó †KvY| L we›`y †_‡K (i)- Gi
`~iZ¡ †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|

Y
Y C A

A C
Ν
Ν1 N1
Ν
M
L(x1 ,y1 )
P L
M α (x1 ,y1 ) B
X′
α
X X′ X
O O
B D D
Y′ Y′
1g-wPÎ 2q-wPÎ

GLb, L we›`yi ga¨we›`y w`‡q CD || AB A¼b Ki“b| myZivs CD †iLvi mgxKiY

xcosα + ysinα = P1 - - - - - - - (2)
GLv‡b, P1 n‡jv g~jwe›`y †_‡K CD †iLvi `~iZ¡ A_©vr ON1 = P1
Avevi, L(x1,y1) we›`ywU (2) Gi Dci Aew¯’Z| myZivs Avgiv cvB,
x1cosα+y1sinα = P1 - - - - - - - - (3)
L we›`y †_‡K LM ⊥ CD AuvKzb|

1g wP‡Î t LM = NN1 = ON1–ON

= P1–P
= x1cosα+y1sinα–P [ (3)- Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]
i.e. LM = x1cosα+y1sinα–P - - - - - - (4)

2q wP‡Î t LM = NN1 = ON –ON1

= P –P1
= P –(x1cosα+y1sinα) [ (3)- Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]
∴ LM = – (x1cosα+y1sinα–P) - - - - - - (5)

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∴ Dfq wP‡Î j¤^`~iZ¡ = ± (x1cosα+y1sinα–P) [ (4)- Ges (5) Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]

wKš—z `~iZ¡ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv, myZivs we‡qvM wPý Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Avgiv `~iZ¡ = |x1cosα+ysinα–P | m~ÎwU
e¨envi Ki‡ev|

mij‡iLv ax+by+c=0 AvKv‡ii n‡j-

(ii)
g‡b Ki“b, ax+by+c=0 - - - - - (i) †iLv n‡Z L(x1,y1) we›`yi `~iZ¡ †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
aiv hvK, †iLvwUi j¤^vK…wZ
xcosα+ysinα = P
x y
⇒ P + P = 1 - - - - - - - - - (2)
cosα sinα
x y
Avevi (1) bs n‡Z, ⇒ c + c = 1 - - - - - - - - - - (3)
–a –b

∴ (2) I (3) GKB mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, x I y A¶ †_‡K †Qw`Zvs‡ki cwigvY mgvb n‡e,
P c P c
∴
cosα
=–a Ges sinα = – b
aP bP
⇒ cosα = – c Ges sinα = – c - - - - - - - (4)
a2P2 b2P2
∴ cos2α+sin2α = + 2
c2 c
P2
⇒ 1 = 2 (a2+b2)
c
c2
⇒ P2 = 2 2
a +b
c
∴ P= [ ∴ `~iZ¡ FYvZ¥K n‡Z hv‡i bv ]
a +b2
2

GLb, L(x1,y1) we›`y †_‡K (2) Gi `~iZ¡

= | x1cosα + y1sinα –P |
aP bP
= | x1(– c ) + y1(– c ) – P | [(4)- Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]
P
=–(ax1+by1) c – P

P
= c (ax1+by1+c) 

|ax1+by1+c |
=
a2+b2
| ax1+by1+c |
A_©vr ax+by+c =0 †iLv n‡Z (x1,y1) we›`yi `~iZ¡ =
a2+b2
g‡b ivLvi welq
(i) `~iZ¡ FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv; Kv‡RB ciggvb cÖ‡qvRb|
(ii) `ywU m~‡Îi g‡a¨ †k‡lv³ m~ÎwU †ekx e¨eüZ nq|

D`vniY 1 t (4,3) we›`y †_‡K 12x+5y–40=0 †iLvi `~iZ¡ evwni Ki“b|

mgvavb t (4,3) we›`y †_‡K 12x+5y–40=0 †iLvi `~iZ¡

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| 12.4+5.3–40 | 23 23
= = = 13 GKK.
122+52 169

 cÖwZwe¤^ t †Kvb mij‡iLvi mv‡c‡¶ A we›`yi cÖwZwe¤^ B n‡e hw` †Kej gvÎ A I B Gi ms‡hvRK mij‡iLv,
cÖ`Ë mij‡iLv‡K j¤^fv‡e mgwØLwÛZ K‡i|
A

Q C R

B
cÖ`Ë †iLv QR Gi mv‡c‡¶ A we›`yi cÖwZwe¤^ B| AB, QR- †iLvi Dci j¤^ n‡e Ges A I B, QR- Gi wecixZ
cv‡k¦© Av‡Q|
∴ AB Gi ga¨we›`y C, QR– Gi Dci Aew¯’Z|

D`vniY 2 t 2y = x+1 mij‡iLvi mv‡c‡¶ †`Lvb †h, (–3,7) we›`yi cÖwZwe‡¤^i ¯’vbvsK (5, –5)
DËi t A(–3, 7) Ges (5, –5) we›`yi ms‡hvM †iLvi ga¨we›`yi ¯’vbvsK  2 ‚ 2  A_©vr (1,1) 2y=3x–1 †iLvi
–3+5 7–5

GKwU mgvavb x =1, y=1.

Y
—
(–3,7) —
—
—
—
—
2y=x+1
—
X′ — X
O—
—
—
—
—
(5, –5)
Y′
—

AZGe AB Gi ga¨we›`y cÖ`Ë †iLvi Dci GKwU we›`y|

5–(–3) 8 2
AB †iLvi Xvj = –5–7 = –12 = –3 = m1 ai“b
3
cÖ`Ë †iLv 2y=3x–1 Gi Xvj = 2 = m2
2 3
GLb m1m2 = –3 . 2 = –1
AZGe AB, cÖ`Ë †iLv 2y=3x–1 Gi Dci j¤^| myZivs 2y=3x–1 †iLvi Rb¨ (–3, 7) Gi cÖwZwe¤^ we›`y (5, –5).
D`vniY 3 t (–2,5) we›`y †_‡K 3x–5y+5=0 †iLvwUi j¤^ `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q, †iLvwU 3x–5y+5=0 - - - - - (1)
| 3(–2)–5.5+5 |
(–2, 5) we›`y †_‡K (1) bs †iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ =
32+(–5)2
| –6–25+5 | 26
= = GKK|
9+25 34

BDwbU `k c„ôv-192
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

x y 1 1 1
D`vniY 4 t g~jwe›`y †_‡K a + b = 1 †iLvi Dci Aw¼Z j‡¤^i ˆ`N©¨ 10 GKK n‡j, †`Lvb †h, 100 = 2 + 2 .
a b
x y
mgvavb t cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU a + b = 1
⇒ bx+ay–ab = 0 - - - - - - (1)
(0,0) we›`y †_‡K (1) bs †iLvi j¤^`~iZ¡ = 10 GKK|
a.0+a.0–ab
i.e. ± = 10
b2+a2
–ab
⇒± = 10.
a2+b2
a2b2
⇒ = 100
a2+b2
a2+b2 1
⇒ = 100 .
a2b2
1 1 1
∴ + = .
a2 b2 100

D`vniY 5 t 3x–2y–3=0 †iLvi mv‡c‡¶ (6,–4) Ges (–3,–2) we›`y؇qi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Ki“b| G‡`i †KvbwU †iLvwUi
†h cv‡k¦© g~jwe›`y Av‡Q, wVK †mB cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z?
mgvavb t
cÖ`Ë †iLvwUi mgxKiY 3x–2y–3=0 - - - - - - (1)
GLb, (1) bs G (6,–4) we›`ywU mwbœweó Ki‡j, evgc¶ = 3.6–2(–4)–3=1.
Ges (–3,–2) we›`ywU mwbœweó Ki‡j, evgc¶ = 3(–3)–2(–2)–3=–5.
¯úóZ t gvbØq ci¯úi wecixZ wPýwewkó|
∴ (6,–4) Ges (–3, –2) we›`yØq cÖ`Ë †iLvwUi wecixZ cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z|
Avevi (1) bs G, g~jwe›`y (0,0) mwbœweó Ki‡j, evgc¶ = 3.0–2.0–3=–3
¯úóZ t (–3,–2) Ges (0,0) we›`y؇qi ¯’vbvsK mwbœweó Ki‡j gvbØq mgwPý wewkó|
∴ (–3,–2) we›`ywU cÖ`Ë †iLvi †h cv‡k¦© g~jwe›`y Av‡Q, wVK †mB cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z|

D`vniY 6 t 3x+4y=5 †iLvi mgvš—ivj Ges (1,–2) we›`y †_‡K 7 GKK `~‡i Aew¯’Z mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q
Ki“b|
mgvavb t g‡b Ki“b, 3x+4y=5 †iLvi mgvš—ivj‡iLvi mgxKiY, 3x+4y+k=0 - - - - - - (1)
†`qv Av‡Q, (1,–2) we›`y †_‡K (1)- Gi `~iZ¡ =7 GKK|
3.1+4(–2)+k
i.e. ± = 7.
9+16
3–8+k
⇒ ± =7
25
k–5
⇒ ± 5 =7
⇒ ±(k–5) = 35.
⇒ k–5 = 35 [ '+' wPý wb‡q ]
∴ k = 40
Ges – (k–5) = 35 [ '—' wPý wb‡q ]
⇒ –k+5 = 35.

BDwbU `k c„ôv-193
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

⇒ k = –30.
∴ (1) bs G k- Gi gvb ewm‡q
3x+4y+40 = 0
Ges 3x+4y–30=0
BnvB wb‡Y©q mij‡iLvi mgxKiY|

mgvš—ivj †iLvi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡

g‡b Ki“b, ax+by+c1=0 Ges ax+by+c2=0 `ywU mgvš—ivj †iLvi mgxKiY| Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
ax+by+c1 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - (1)
ax+by+c2 = 0 - - - - - - - - - - (2)
Y

(x1 ,y1)
< O X
ax+by+c1=0

(1) bs †iLvi Dci †h †Kvb GKwU we›`y (x1,y1) wbb| myZivs Avgiv cvB,
ax1+by1+c1=0 - - - - - - - - - - (3)

| ax1+by1+c2 |
c~e©eZx© cv‡Vi mvnv‡h¨, (x1,y1) we›`y †_‡K (2) bs †iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡ =
a2+b2
| –c1+c2 |
= [ (3)- Gi mvnv‡h¨ ]
a2+b2
| c1–c2 |
=
a2+b2
| aª“eK؇qi cv_©K¨ |
A_©vr `ywU mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ = (x-Gi mnM)2+(y–Gi mnM)2

D`vniY 7 t 4x+3y–3=0 I 4x+3y–1=0 †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki“b|

mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q 4x+3y–3=0 - - - - - - - - (1)
Ges 4x+3y–1=0 - - - - - - - - (2)
∴ (1) I (2) bs †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj,
| –3–(–1) | | –3+1 |
Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ = =
42+32 25
2
=5 GKK|

D`vniY 8 t 4x+3y+5=0 Ges 12x+9y+5=0 †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki“b|

mgvavb t †`qv Av‡Q 4x+3y+5=0 - - - - - - - - (1)

BDwbU `k c„ôv-194
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

Ges 12x+9y+5=0
5
⇒ 4x+3y+ 3 = 0 - - - - - - - - - (2)
(1) I (2) †iLvØq ci¯úi mgvš—ivj|
5 10
| 5–3 | 3 10 1 2
Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ = = 5 = 3 ∞5 = 3 GKK|
42+52

D`vniY 9 t 3x–4y+2=0 I 6x–8y–9=0 mgvš—ivj †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ KZ?

mgvavb t 3x–4y+2=0 - - - - - - - - - (1)
Ges 6x–8y–9=0
9
⇒ 3x–4y–2 = 0 - - - - - - - (2)

∴ (1) I (2) bs mgvš—ivj †iLv؇qi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡

9 13
| 2–(–2 ) | 2
= =
2
3 +(–4) 2 25
13 13
= 2.5 = 10 GKK|

Abykxjbx-10.7
1. (2,2) we›`y n‡j 3x+4y=6 mij‡iLvi j¤^`~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki“b|
x y
2. a + b = 1 †iLv n‡Z (a,b) we›`yi j¤^`~iZ¡ KZ?
3. †`Lvb †h, (5,4) we›`y n‡Z 2x+3y–7=0 Ges 3x–2y+8=0 †iLvØq mg`~ieZx©|
4. 2x– 5 y+7=0 †iLvi Dci j¤^ mij‡iLv ( 5 , – 4) we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i| g~jwe›`y †_‡K j¤^‡iLvi `~iZ¡
KZ?
5. (0,5) we›`y w`‡q AwZµvš— Ges g~jwe›`y †_‡K 3 GKK j¤^`~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z mij‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
6. (2,–1) we›`y †_‡K 3x–4y+5=0 †iLvi Dci AswKZ j‡¤^i cv`we›`yi ¯’vbvsK wbY©q Ki“b| Gi mvnv‡h¨ j‡¤^i
ˆ`N©¨ †ei Ki“b|
7. (3,–2) I (–3, –1) we›`yØq 3x–8y=7 †iLvi GKB A_ev wecixZ cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z wKbv wbY©q Ki“b| we›`y؇qi
†KvbwU †iLvwUi †h cv‡k¦© wVK †mB cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z|
x y
8. cÖgvY Ki“b †h, (± a2–b2 , 0) we›`yØq †_‡K a cosθ + b sinθ =1 Gi Dci AswKZ j¤^؇qi ¸Ydj b2
n‡e|
9. †`Lvb †h, ( 5 ,0) , (– 5 ,0) we›`yØq †_‡K 2xcosα–3ysinα =6 Gi Dci AswKZ j¤^؇qi ¸Ydj x gy³
n‡e|
10. x I y A‡¶i mv‡c‡¶ (–2, 3) we›`yi cÖwZwe¤^ `ywU wbY©q Ki|
11. 3x–4y+4=0 I 6x–8y–9=0 †iLvi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki“b|
12. †`Lvb †h, a1x+b1y+c1=0 I K1(a1x+by1)+d1=0 mgvš—ivj hyM‡ji ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡
d1 
= k –c1 a12+b12 .
 1 

BDwbU `k c„ôv-195
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 9 `yBwU mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 `ywU mij‡iLvi ga¨eZx© †Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛKmg~‡ni mgxKiY wbY©‡q `¶Zv AR©b
Ki‡eb|

g‡b Ki“b, `ywU mij‡iLv

L1 = a1x+b1y+c1=0 - - - - - - - (1)
Ges L2 = a2x+b2y+c2 = 0 - - - - - - (2)
Y L2
L1

a2x+b2 y+c2=0
P(x,y)
X′ X
O

Y′
(1) I (2) Gi Aš—f©y³ †Kv‡Yi GKwU mgwØLÛ‡Ki Dci P(x,y) †h‡Kvb GKwU we›`y wbb|
| a1x+b1y+c1 |
P we›`y †_‡K (1)- Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ =
a12+b12
| a2x+b2y+c2 |
Ges P we›`y †_‡K (2) Gi j¤^ `~iZ¡ =
a22+b22
∴ `~iZ¡Øq mgvb, AZGe Avgiv cvB
| a1x+b1y+c1 | | a2x+b2y+c2 |
=
a12+b12 a22+b22
a1x+b1y+c1 a2x+b2y+c2
⇒ =± - - - - - - - (3)
a12+b12 a22+b22

 cÖ`Ë `yBwU mij‡iLvi Aš—f©y³ †KvY mg~‡ni j¤^wØLÛKØq ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e|
 hw` a1x+b1y+c1=0 Ges a2x+b2y+c2=0 mgxKiY؇qi aª“eK msL¨v c1 I c2 GKB wPýwewkó nq Z‡e, (3) Gi
'+' (abvZ¥K) wPýwU mgwØLÛK‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hLb g~jwe›`ywU †Kv‡Yi Aš—f©y³ nq Ges '—' (FYvZ¥K) wPýwU Ab¨
mgwØLÛK‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| Avevi hw` c1 I c2 ci¯úi wecixZ wPý wewkó nq Zvn‡j (3)-Gi '—' (FYvZ¥K) wPýwU
†Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛK‡K wb‡`©k K‡i hLb g~jwe›`ywU †Kv‡Yi Aš—f©y³ nq Ges '+' (abvZ¥K) wPýwU Aci mgwØLÛK‡K
m~wPZ K‡i|

D`vniY 1 t †`Lvb †h, 8x+16y=39 †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z †h †Kvb we›`y 4x+3y=7 Ges 2y–5=0 †iLvØq n‡Z
mg`~ieZx©|
mgvavb t cÖkœvbymv‡i, Bnv my¯úó †h, 3x+2y=5 †iLvwU 4x+3y=7 I 2y–5=0 †iLv؇qi Aš—f©y³ †Kv‡Yi GKwU
mgwØLÛK|
BDwbU `k c„ôv-196
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

†iLv؇qi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY

4x+3y–7 2y–5
=±
42+32 02+22
4x+3y–7 2y–5
⇒ 5 =± 2
⇒ 8x+ 6y–14= ± (10y–25)
⇒ 8x–2y+11=0 [ '+' wPý wb‡q ]
Ges 8x+16y–39=0 [ '+' wPý wb‡q ]
∴ cÖ`Ë 8x+16y=39 †iLvwU, Aci `ywU †iLvi Aš—f©y³ †KvYmg~‡ni mgwØLÛ‡Ki GKwU|
∴ 8x+16y=39 mij‡iLvwUi †h †Kvb we›`y n‡Z Aci †iLv `ywU mg`~ieZx©|

D`vniY 2 t 3x–4y=2 Ges 4x–3y=–1 †iLv؇qi Aš—M©Z m~²‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq t 3x–4y–2=0 - - - - - - - (1)
4x–3y+1=0 - - - - - - - (2)
GLv‡b a1a2 + b1b2 = 3.4+(–4).(–3) = 7+12 = 19>0
3x–4y–2 4x–3y+1
∴ m~²‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛK = =– ,
32+42 42+32
[ a1a2+b1b2>0 e‡j '—' wPý wb‡q m~²‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛK ]
⇒ 3x–4y–2 = –(4x–3y+1)
⇒ 7x–7y–1=0
BnvB wb‡Y©q mgxKiY|

D`vniY- 3 t 5(x+y)=12 I x+7y=3 †iLv؇qi Aš—M©Z ¯’~j‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
mgvavb t cÖ`Ë mgxKiYØq t
5(x+y)–12=0 - - - - - - - (1)
x+7y–3=0 - - - - - - - - - (2)
GLv‡b a1a2 + b1b2 = 5.1+5.7 = 40>0
5x+5y–12 x+7y–3
∴ ¯’yj‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛK = =+
52+52 1+72
5x+5y–12 x+7y–3
⇒ =+
5 2 5 2
⇒ 5x+5y–12 = x+7x–3
⇒ 4x–2y=9
BnvB wb‡Y©q mgxKiY|
[ a1a2+b1b2 >0 e‡j '+' wPý wb‡q ¯’yj‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛK ]

D`vniY-4 t A¶Øq I 3x–4y=21 †iLv Øviv MwVZ wÎfz‡Ri †KvY؇qi ewnwØ©LÛK mg~‡ni mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb t

BDwbU `k c„ôv-197
GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg

L1
X´ X
L2

L3

Y´
g‡b Ki“b x A‡¶i mgxKiY L1 = y =0
y A‡¶i mgxKiY L2 = x = 0
Ges L3 = 3x–4y–21 = 0
L1 I L2 Gi ewnwØ©LÛK

y = x tan45°
∴ y=x
L2 3 L 3 Gi †¶‡Î
1.3+0.(–4) = 3>0
∴ ewnt †KvY ¯’~j
3x–4y–21
∴ ewnwØLÛK x = +
32+42
3x–4y–21
ev, x = + 5
∴ 2x+4y+21 = 0
L3 I L1 Gi †¶‡Î, a1a2 + b1b2 = 1.(–4) = – 4 <0
∴ ewnt‡KvY ¯’~j
3x–4y–21
∴ ewnwØL©ÛK y = –
32+42
⇒ 3x+y–21 = 0

Abykxjbx-10.8

1. 3x–4y=2 I 4x–3y=–1 †iLv؇qi ga¨eZ©x m~²‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|

2. 4y–3x=3 I 3y–4x=5 †iLv؇qi Aš—M©Z ¯’~j‡Kv‡Yi mgwØLÛ‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b|
3. †`Lvb †h, 7x–9y+10=0 †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z †h †Kvb we›`y 3x+4y–5=0 Ges 12x+5y–7=0 †iLvØq †_‡K
mg`~ieZx©|
4. 4x–4y+3=0 Ges x+7y–2=0 †iLv؇qi Aš—f©y³ †KvYmg~‡ni mgwØLʇKi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki“b| cÖgvY Ki“b
†h, wØLÛKØq ci¯úi j¤^|
5. GKwU mgevû wÎfz‡Ri kxl©we›`yi ¯’vbvsK (–3,1) Ges f‚wgi mgxKiY x+7y+6=0| wÎfzRwUi †¶Îdj wbY©q
Ki“b|

BDwbU `k c„ôv-198
 MwYZ cÖ_g cÎ

GK bR‡i GB BDwb‡Ui msw¶ß welqe¯—z t

y1–y2
1. (x1,y1) I (x2,y2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj = x –x
1 2
2. (i) x- A‡¶i mgxKiY, y=0
(ii) y- A‡¶i mgxKiY x = 0
(iii) x- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, y =b
(iv) y- A‡¶i mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY, x = a.
3. m Xvj wewkó I y- A¶ †_‡K C GKK Ask KwZ©Z mij‡iLvi mgxKiY y=mx+C, C=0 n‡j, D³ mij‡iLvwU
g~jwe›`yMvgx n‡e|
4. m Xvj wewkó I (x1,y1) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY y–y1 = m(x–x1)
x y
5. x- A¶ †_‡K a Ges y A¶ †_‡K b GKK ˆ`N©¨ KZ©bKvix mij‡jLvi mgxKiY a + b =1.
x–x1 y–y1
6. (x1,y1) I (x2,y2) we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY x –x = y –y .
1 2 1 2
x–x1 y–y1
7. tanθ Xvj wewkó †iLvi Dci¯’ (x1,y1) we›`y †_‡K (x,y) we›`yi `~iZ¡ r n‡j, †iLvwUi mgxKiY cosθ = sinθ =
r.
8. g~jwe›`y †_‡K †Kvb †iLvi j¤^`~iZ¡ P Ges Dnv x- A‡¶i mv‡_ α †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j, mij‡iLvwUi mgxKiY,
xcosα + ysinα = P.
9. mij †iLvi mvaviY mgxKiY ax+by+c=0
10. `ywU mij‡iLvi †Q`we›`yMvgx mij‡iLvi mgxKiY a1x+b1y+c1+λ (a2x+b2y+c2)=0, λ 0.
11. `ywU mij‡iLvi Xvj m1 I m2 n‡j, Dnviv
i) ci¯úi mgvš—ivj n‡e hw` m1=m2 nq
(ii) ci¯úi j¤^ n‡e hw` m1m2 = –1 nq|
12. (i) ax+by+c=0 mij‡iLvi mgvš—ivj mij‡iLvi mgxKiY ax+by+k=0.
(ii) ax+by+c=0 mij‡iLvi mv‡_ j¤^ mij‡iLvi mgxKiY bx–ay+k=0.
m1–m2
13. m1 I m2 Xvj wewkó mij‡iLv؇qi Aš—f©y³ †KvY θ n‡j, tanθ = ± 1+m m .
1 2
| ax1+by1+c |
14. (x1,y1) we›`y n‡Z ax+by+c=0 †iLvi `~iZ¡ =
a2+b2
15. a1x+b1y+c1=0 Ges a2x+b2y+c2=0 †iLv؇qi Aš—f©y³ †KvYmg~‡ni mgwØLÛK؇qi mgxKiY n‡e,
a1x+b1y+c1 a2x+b2y+c2
=±
a12+b12 a22+b22

DËigvjv
Abykxjbx-10.1
1 k 2
1. (i) 3 (ii) 3 (iii) h (iv) h+k
2. (a) 1, (b) –1, (c) 0 (d)
Abykxjbx-10.2
1. y=5. 2. x=4
x y x y x y
4. y = 3 x. 6. 12 + 5 =1, 5 + 12 = 1, –12 + –5 = 1.
7
7. P = 15 . 8. 2x–3y+19 = 0.
9. 3x–20y+72=0. 10. x+y=4, 3x+y=6.
BDwbU `k c„ôv-199
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11. 3 x+y=8. 12. 5x–4y+20 = 0.

Abykxjbx-10.3
4. 7(x-y)=0 5. 7x+3y–23=0
6. y =x. 7. 27x–23y=0.
Abykxjbx-10.4
5 9
1. 90° 2. x + 4y = 11, tan–1 3 , tan–1 2

Abykxjbx-10.5
1. 6x–5y–17=0 2. 7x–8y+9=0
3. x+2y–5=0
29
4. (i) λ = 3 (ii) λ = – 37
5. (i) 2x–y=4 (ii) 3x–4y–1=0
6. (i) 13x–23=0
(ii) –65x+39y=196.
Abykxjbx-10.6
2. P=2. 3. a =5.
2
1 (c1–c2)
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Abykxjbx-10.7
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a2+b2
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17
11. 10 GKK|

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2
5. eM© GKK|
3

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