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Analog & Digital

The document discusses analog and digital signals, comparing their key differences and advantages. It also covers the process of analog to digital conversion including quantization, sampling, and encoding of analog signals into digital form.

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lipaw74323
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Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views

Analog & Digital

The document discusses analog and digital signals, comparing their key differences and advantages. It also covers the process of analog to digital conversion including quantization, sampling, and encoding of analog signals into digital form.

Uploaded by

lipaw74323
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog and Digital Signal

Signal
● A signal is a basically a function .
● A function is a dependent variable of some other
independent variables .

Signal = f(X1,X2,X3,… )
Where,
Xi= Time , distance , temperature ,…..
Analog vs Digital
➢ Analog = continuous
➢ Digital = discrete
➢ EXAMPLE
1. An analog clock , whose hands moves smoothly and continuously.
2. A digital clock , whose digits jump from one value to the next.
Advantages of digital signal over
analog signal

⭃ Negligible or zero distortion due to noise during transmission.


⭃ The rate of transmission is higher .
⭃ Information storage can be easier in digital computer system than in analog .
⭃ Easy to manipulate .
⭃ Multirate processing is possible for digital system .
Significance of Analog
⭃ Natural Signal such as temperature, sound, light, and pressure, are
inherently analog in nature.

⭃ Analog signals can provide high precision and accuracy when


measuring continuous quantities.

⭃ Converting to digital can introduce quantization errors and lead to loss


of subtle details.

⭃ Analog circuits handle tasks such as signal conditioning, amplification,


and filtering before passing the signal to digital components for
further processing.
Significance of Analog

LDR Light Sensing Module


Significance of Analog

Microphone Mic Module


Significance of Analog

Magnetic Sensor Hall Effect


Sensor Module
Analog to Digital Conversion
Analog to Digital Conversion

● Quantization
● Sampling
● Encoding
Quantization of Analog Signal
Quantization of Analog Signal
Sampling of Quantized Signal

If Ts = 1 , Sample is taken at every sec => Sampling Rate = 1Sample/s


If Ts = 0.5 , 2 Samples is taken every sec => Sampling rate = 2S/s
Encoding of Sampled Signal*
Analog to Digital Conversion

3-bit
x(t) 110
ADC
Analog to Digital Conversion
Digital to Analog Conversion
Digital to Analog Conversion

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