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A Mini Project Report On

BOOK RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALA, BHOPAL

SUBMITTED BY:
ANKIT RANJAN (0103AL211024)

SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. ADITYA PATEL

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

(AI&ML)

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal

(M.P)
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LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(AI&ML)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this Minor Project entitled
“Book Recommendation System” has been satisfactorily completed by
Ankit Ranjan [0103AL211024]. It is a bonafide
piece of work, carried out under the guidance from Department of
Computer Science &Engineering (AI&ML), Lakshmi Narain College of
Technology, Bhopal for the partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of
Engineering during the academic year 2022-23.

Prof. Aditya Patel

(GUIDE)
Approved By

Dr. Sadhna K.Mishra

Prof. & Head
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
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LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(AI&ML)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Aditya Patel(guide)

department of Computer Science & Engineering L.N.C.T., Bhopal, whose
valuable guidance and timely help encouraged me to complete this
project.

A special thank goes to Dr. Sadhna K.Mishra (Prof.& HOD) who

helped me by providing timely suggestions in completing this project
work. He exchanged his interesting ideas & thoughts which made this
project work successful.

We would also thank our institution and all the faculty

members without whom this project work would have been a distant
reality.

Ankit Ranjan [0103AL211024]

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ABSTRACT

Today the amount of information in the

internet
growth very rapidly and people need some
instruments to find
and access appropriate information. One of
such tools is called
recommendation system. Recommendation
systems help to
navigate quickly and receive necessary
information. Generally
they are used in Internet shops to increase
the profit. This paper
proposes a quick and intuitive book
recommendation system that
helps readers to find appropriate book to
read next. The overall
architecture is presented with it’s detailed
description. We used a
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collaborative filtering method based on

Pearson correlation
coefficient. Finally the experimental results
based on the online
survey are provided with some discussions.
Today the amount of information in the internet growth very rapidly and people
need some instruments to find and access appropriate information. One of such
tools is called recommendation system. Recommendation systems help to
navigate quickly and receive necessary information. Generally they are used in
Internet shops to increase the profit. This paper proposes a quick and intuitive
book recommendation system that helps readers to find appropriate book to read
next. The overall architecture is presented with it’s detailed description. We used a
collaborative filtering method based on Pearson correlation coefficient. Finally the
experimental results based on the online survey are provided with some
discussions.

The main purpose of a recommendation system is that it will suggest items to

users easily making their life easier. Today the quantity of facts with inside the net
increase very hastily and those want few instruments to seek out and access
appropriate data. One of such tools is named recommendation system.
Recommendation systems propose products to the users which are most relevant
to that particular user. Nowadays, online book marketing websites compete with
one another in a variety of ways. One of the most powerful methods for
increasing benefit and retaining customers is a recommendation framework,
which can recommend books that are of interest to the customer. So the
fundamental reason for this project is to support folks that have an interest in
reading and to influence those individuals who are inculcating the habit of
reading. By building a book recommendation system we tend to aim to assist
people opt for the proper book that interests them and so encouraging them to
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read more. With the assistance of data sets and machine learning we believe we
will choose the right book for someone supported their interests and also the data
from several different readers. Therefore here we use a collaborative filtering
method.
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PREFACE
In this project, basically I have created Book recommender system by the help of
Kaggle dataset ( Book Recommendation Dataset | Kaggle) .In this dataset we have three
csv file (Books.csv),(users.csv) and (ratings.csv).

Also I used Machine learning to create model for recommending the book and
also used so many libraries like NumPy, pandas, seaborn soon. In this
project ,here I use
Collaborative filtering method later we discuss depth about this method.

Also we create web page or we say website by using html ,CSS and bootstrap later
I share source code also and we use flask ( Flask is a web development framework. It is a
framework with a built-in development server and a debugger)

And finally I published this project in GitHub so here we get lots of knowledge
about how GitHub work ,how website make and most important how ML model
deploy in website, so its interesting project that I have created.

GitHub:
Viratankit9/Book_recom.github.io
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Contents
Contents Page No.
Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3

Abstract 4

Preface 5

1: Introduction 7

2: Relevant tools and technology 10

3: Implementation 14

4: ML Model 18

5: Web Page 23

End Note 25
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1. Introduction:
During the last few decades, with the rise of Youtube, Amazon, Netflix, and many
other such web services, recommender systems have taken more and more place in
our lives. From e-commerce (suggest to buyers articles that could interest them) to
online advertisement (suggest to users the right contents, matching their
preferences), recommender systems are today unavoidable in our daily online
journeys.

In a very general way, recommender systems are algorithms aimed at suggesting

relevant items to users (items being movies to watch, text to read, products to buy,
or anything else depending on industries).
What actually is Recommendation System
A recommendation engine is a class of machine learning which offers relevant
suggestions to the customer. Before the recommendation system, the major tendency
to buy was to take a suggestion from friends. But Now Google knows what news you
will read, Youtube knows what type of videos you will watch based on your search
history, watch history, or purchase history.

A recommendation system helps an organization to create loyal customers and build

trust by them desired products and services for which they came on your site. The
recommendation system today are so powerful that they can handle the new customer
too who has visited the site for the first time. They recommend the products which are
currently trending or highly rated and they can also recommend the products which
bring maximum profit to the company.
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Types Of Recommendation System

A recommendation system is usually built using 3 techniques which are content-based
filtering, collaborative filtering, and a combination of both.

1. Content-Based Filtering
The algorithm recommends a product that is similar to those which used as
watched. In simple words, In this algorithm, we try to find finding item look alike.
For example, a person likes to watch Sachin Tendulkar shots, so he may like
watching Ricky Ponting shots too because the two videos have similar tags and
similar categories.

Only it looks similar between the content and does not focus more on the person
who is watching this. Only it recommends the product which has the highest score
based on past preferences.

2. Collaborative-based Filtering
Collaborative based filtering recommender systems are based on past interactions of
users and target items. In simple words here, we try to search for the look-alike
customers and offer products based on what his or her lookalike has chosen. Let us
understand with an example. X and Y are two similar users and X user has watched A,
B, and C movie. And Y user has watched B, C, and D movie then we will recommend
A movie to Y user and D movie to X user.

YouTube has shifted its recommendation system from content-based to Collaborative

based filtering technique. If you have experienced sometimes there are also videos
which not at all related to your history but then also it recommends it because the
other person similar to you has watched it.
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3. Hybrid Filtering Method

It is basically a combination of both the above methods. It is a too complex model
which recommends product based on your history as well based on similar users like
you.

There are some organizations that use this method like Facebook which shows news
which is important for you and for others also in your network and the same is used
by LinkedIn too.

4. Popularity based Filtering

As the name suggests Popularity based recommendation system works with the trend.
It basically uses the items which are in trend right now. For example, if any product
which is usually bought by every new user then there are chances that it may suggest
that item to the user who just signed up.

There are some problems as well with the popularity-based recommender system and
it also solves some of the problems with it as well.

The problems with popularity based recommendation system is that the

personalization is not available with this method i.e. even though you know the
behaviour of the user you cannot recommend items accordingly.

So, I hope you now have enough idea about the popularity-based recommendation
system.
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2.RELEVANT TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

This chapter presents some discussions about the relevant tools and technologies
used to develop the Book recommendation system. Some of the tools and
technologies are Python language, PyCharm, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Machine
Learning. Others are Flask, Jupiter notebook.

Python language:

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design

philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation.

Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple

programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-
oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries
included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.

Machine Learning:

In the real world, we are surrounded by humans who can learn everything from
their experiences with their learning capability, and we have computers or
machines which work on our instructions. But can a machine also learn from
experiences or past data like a human does? So here comes the role of Machine
Learning.

Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is mainly

concerned with the development of algorithms which allow a computer to learn
from the data and past experiences on their own. The term machine learning was
first introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959.
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With the help of sample historical data, which is known as training data, machine
learning algorithms build a mathematical model that helps in making predictions
or decisions without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning brings
computer science and statistics together for creating predictive models. Machine
learning constructs or uses the algorithms that learn from historical data. The
more we will provide the information, the higher will be the performance.

HTML:
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used
for creating web pages and web applications. Let's see what is meant by
Hypertext Markup Language, and Web page.

Hyper Text: Hypertext simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it,
is a hypertext. Whenever you click on a link which brings you to a new webpage,
you have clicked on a hypertext. Hypertext is a way to link two or more web pages
(HTML documents) with each other.

Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to

apply layout and formatting conventions to a text document. Markup language
makes text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn text into images, tables,
links, etc.

Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and
translated by a web browser. A web page can be identified by entering an URL. A
Web page can be of the static or dynamic type. With the help of HTML only, we
can create static web pages.

CSS:
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language which is used to
describe the look and formatting of a document written in markup language. It
provides an additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change
the style of web pages and user interfaces. It can also be used with any kind of
XML documents including plain XML, SVG and XUL.
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CSS is used along with HTML and JavaScript in most websites to create user
interfaces for web applications and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

BOOTSTRAP:
Bootstrap is a free and open-source tool collection for creating responsive
websites and web applications. It is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
framework for developing responsive, mobile-first websites. Nowadays, the
websites are perfect for all browsers (IE, Firefox, and Chrome) and for all sizes of
screens (Desktop, Tablets, Phablets, and Phones).

All thanks to Bootstrap developers – Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton of Twitter,
though it was later declared to be an open-source project.

FLASK:
Flask is a web framework that provides libraries to build lightweight web
applications in python. It is developed by Armin Ronacher who leads an
international group of python enthusiasts (POCCO). It is based on WSGI toolkit
and jinja2 template engine. Flask is considered as a micro framework.

PyCharm:
PyCharm is the most well-known Python IDE, which offers fantastic features
including superb code completion and inspection with a comprehensive debugger
and compatibility for web programming and several frameworks. Jet Brains, a
Czech firm specializing in building integrated development environments for
different web development languages including PHP and JavaScript, created
PyCharm.

Jupyter Notebook:
The Jupyter Notebook is an open source web application that you can use to
create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and
text. Jupyter Notebook is maintained by the people at Project Jupyter.
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Jupyter Notebooks are a spin-off project from the IPython project, which used to
have an IPython Notebook project itself. The name, Jupyter, comes from the core
supported programming languages that it supports: Julia, Python, and R. Jupyter
ships with the IPython kernel, which allows you to write your programs in Python,
but there are currently over 100 other kernels that you can also use.

GitHub:
GitHub is a web-based interface that uses Git, the open source version control
software that lets multiple people make separate changes to web pages at the
same time. As Carpenter notes, because it allows for real-time collaboration,
GitHub encourages teams to work together to build and edit their site content.
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3. Implementation:
Book Recommendation System

A book recommendation system is a type of recommendation system where we

have to recommend similar books to the reader based on his interest. The books
recommendation system is used by online websites which provide eBooks like
google play books, open library, good Read’s, etc.

In this article, we will use the Collaborative based filtering method to build a book
recommender system.

Let’s make our hands dirty while trying to implement a Book recommendation
system using collaborative filtering.

Dataset Description:

• Books.csv

Books are identified by their respective ISBN. Invalid ISBNs have already been
removed from the dataset. Moreover, some content-based information is given
(Book-Title, Book-Author, Year-Of-Publication, Publisher), obtained from Amazon
Web Services. Note that in case of several authors, only the first is provided. URLs
linking to cover images are also given, appearing in three different flavours
(Image-URL-S, Image-URL-M, Image-URL-L), i.e., small, medium, large. These URLs
point to the Amazon web site.
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• Rating.csv

Contains the book rating information. Ratings (Book-Rating) are either explicit,
expressed on a scale from 1-10 (higher values denoting higher appreciation), or
implicit, expressed by 0.

• Users.csv

Contains the users. Note that user IDs (User-ID) have been anonymized and map
to integers. Demographic data is provided (Location, Age) if available. Otherwise,
these fields contain NULL values.

Load Data

let us start while importing libraries and load datasets. while loading the file we
have some problems like.

 The values in the CSV file are separated by semicolons, not by a comma.
 There are some lines which not work like we cannot import it with pandas
and It throws an error because python is Interpreted language.
 Encoding of a file is in Latin

So while loading data we have to handle these exceptions and after running the
below code you will get some warning and it will show which lines have an error
that we have skipped while loading.
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Preprocessing Data:
Now in the books file, we have some extra columns which are not required for
our task like image URLs. And we will rename the columns of each file as the
name of the column contains space, and uppercase letters so we will correct as to
make it easy to use.
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The dataset is reliable and can consider as a large dataset. we have 271360 books
data and total registered users on the website are approximately 278000 and
they have given near about 11 lakh rating. hence we can say that the dataset we
have is nice and reliable.
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4.ML Model:
Popularity Based Method:
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Collaborative Filtering Based:

It is considered to be one of the very smart recommender systems that work on the
similarity between different users and also items that are widely used as an e-
commerce website and also online movie websites. It checks about the taste of
similar users and makes recommendations.

The similarity is not restricted to the taste of the user, moreover there can be
consideration of similarity between different items also. The system will give more
efficient recommendations if we have a large volume of information about users
and items. There are various types of collaborative filtering techniques as
mentioned in the diagram given below.
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Import pickle
(The pickle module is used for implementing binary protocols for serializing
and de-serializing a Python object structure.)
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Final data frame in which here 4-5 column are most important.
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5. Web Page:
Home page
There are list of top 50 books:

Recommend page
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In last page we clearly see that here 4 books are recommend so my

project run well.
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End Notes
Hurray! We have to build a reliable Book Recommendation system and you can
further modify it and convert it to an end-end project. This is a wonderful
Unsupervised learning project where we have done lots of preprocessing and you
can explore the dataset more and if you find something more interesting, please
share it in the comment box.

I hope it was easy to catch up with each method and follow along with the article, If
you have any queries please post them in the comment section below. I will be
happy to help you with any queries.