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Waves SL and HL MCQ Structured

This document discusses a longitudinal wave traveling through a medium and the oscillations of particles in the medium. It asks questions about the oscillations, including whether they are damped based on a graph of particle displacement over time. It also asks about the particle's maximum acceleration, speed at a specific time, and direction of motion. Additional questions involve determining frequency and speed from graphs of displacement over time and position. It also asks about indicating particle positions on a diagram and labeling areas of compression.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

101 views58 pages

Waves SL and HL MCQ Structured

Uploaded by

RAVI NISHAD

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 58

Waves Sl and HL structured

1. This question is about simple harmonic oscillations.

A longitudinal wave travels through a medium from left to right.

Graph 1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement x of a particle P in the medium.

Graph 1

(a) For particle P,

(i) state how graph 1 shows that its oscillations are not damped.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) calculate the magnitude of its maximum acceleration.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 1
(iii) calculate its speed at t = 0.12 s.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(iv) state its direction of motion at t = 0.12 s.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Graph 2 shows the variation with position d of the displacement x of particles in the
medium at a particular instant of time.

Graph 2

Determine for the longitudinal wave, using graph 1 and graph 2,

(i) the frequency.

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 2
(ii) the speed.

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

Graph 2 – reproduced to assist with answering (c)(i).

(i) On the diagram above, draw crosses to indicate the positions of these six particles
at the instant of time when the displacement is given by graph 2.
(3)

(ii) On the diagram above, label with the letter C a particle that is at the centre of a

IB Questionbank Physics 3
compression.
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

2. This question is about simple harmonic motion (SHM), wave motion and polarization.

(a) By reference to simple harmonic motion, state what is meant by amplitude.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) A liquid is contained in a U-tube.

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

The pressure on the liquid in one side of the tube is increased so that the liquid is
displaced as shown in diagram 2. When the pressure is suddenly released the liquid
oscillates.
The damping of the oscillations is small.

(i) Describe what is meant by damping.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 4
(ii) The displacement of the liquid surface from its equilibrium position is x. The
acceleration a of the liquid in the tube is given by the expression

2g
a=  x
l

where g is the acceleration of free fall and l is the total length of the liquid column.
Explain, with reference to the motion of the liquid, the significance of the minus
sign.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) The total length of the liquid column in the tube is 0.32 m. Determine the period of
oscillation.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

IB Questionbank Physics 5
(c) A wave is travelling along a string. The string can be modelled as a single line of particles
and each particle executes simple harmonic motion. The period of oscillation of the
particles is 0.80 s.

The graph shows the displacement y of part of the string at time t = 0. The distance along
the string is d.

(i) On the graph, draw an arrow to show the direction of motion of particle P at the
point marked on the string.
(1)

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the velocity of particle P.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)

IB Questionbank Physics 6
(iii) Show that the speed of the wave is 5.0 m s–1.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(iv) On the graph above, label with the letter X the position of particle P at t = 0.40 s.
(1)

(d) The string in (c) is fixed at both ends and is made to vibrate in a vertical plane in its first
harmonic.

(i) Describe how the standing wave in the string gives rise to the first harmonic.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

IB Questionbank Physics 7
(ii) Outline how a travelling wave in a string can be used to describe the nature of
polarized light.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(e) James is wearing polarized sunglasses and views the sunlight reflected from the smooth
surface of a lake.

The angle θ is the angle between the surface of the lake and James’s line of sight.
Calculate the value of θ at which the reflected sunlight from the surface is minimized.
The refractive index of the water is 1.3.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 25 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 8
3. This question is about water waves.

A small sphere, mounted at the end of a vertical rod, dips below the surface of shallow water in
a tray. The sphere is driven vertically up and down by a motor attached to the rod. The
oscillations of the sphere produce travelling waves on the surface of the water.

(a) State what is meant by a travelling (progressive) wave.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The diagram shows how the displacement of the water surface at a particular instant in
time varies with distance from the sphere. The period of oscillation of the sphere is
0.027 s.

IB Questionbank Physics 9
Use the diagram to calculate, for the wave,

(i) the amplitude.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) the wavelength.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) the frequency.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iv) the speed.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 10
(c) The wave moves from region A into a region B of shallower water. The waves move
more slowly in region B. The diagram (not to scale) shows some of the wavefronts in
region A.

(i) On the diagram, draw three lines to complete the wavefronts in region B.
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 11
(ii) Theory suggests that the wave speed c is related to the water depth d by

c= gd

where g is a constant.

The refractive index for waves travelling from region A to region B is 1.4.

Determine the following ratio.

water depth in A
water depth in B

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(d) Another sphere is dipped into the water. The spheres oscillate in phase. The diagram
shows some lines in region A along which the disturbance of the water surface is a
minimum.

(i) Outline how the regions of minimum disturbance occur on the surface.

IB Questionbank Physics 12
...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii) The frequency of oscillation of the spheres is increased.

State and explain how this will affect the positions of minimum disturbance.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 15 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 13
4. This question is about oscillations and waves.

(a) A rectangular piece of wood of length l floats in water with its axis vertical as shown in
diagram 1.

The length of wood below the surface is d. The wood is pushed vertically downwards a
distance A such that a length of wood is still above the water surface as shown in diagram
2. The wood is then released and oscillates vertically. At the instant shown in diagram 3,
the wood is moving downwards and the length of wood beneath the surface is d + x.

(i) On diagram 3, draw an arrow to show the direction of the acceleration of the wood.
(1)

(ii) The acceleration a of the wood (in m s–2) is related to x (in m) by the following
equation.

14
a=  x
l

Explain why this equation shows that the wood is executing simple harmonic
motion.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) The period of oscillation of the wood is 1.4 s. Show that the length l of the wood is

IB Questionbank Physics 14
0.70 m.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) The wood in (a), as shown in diagram 2, is released at time t = 0. On the axes below,
sketch a graph to show how the velocity v of the wood varies with time over one period
of oscillation.

(1)

(i) Calculate the magnitude of the maximum acceleration of the wood.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) On your sketch graph in (b) label with the letter P one point where the magnitude
of the acceleration is a maximum.
(1)

(d) The oscillations of the wood generate waves in the water of wavelength 0.45 m.
The graph shows how the displacement D, of the water surface at a particular distance

IB Questionbank Physics 15
from the wood varies with time t.

Using the graph, calculate the

(i) speed of the waves.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) ratio of the displacement at t = 1.75 s to the displacement at t = 0.35 s.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 16
(iii) ratio of the energy of the wave at t = 1.75 s to the energy at t = 0.35 s

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 15 marks)

5. This question is about the simple pendulum.

(a) A pendulum consists of a bob suspended by a light inextensible string from a rigid
support. The pendulum bob is moved to one side and then released. The sketch graph
shows how the displacement of the pendulum bob undergoing simple harmonic motion
varies with time over one time period.

On the sketch graph above,

(i) label with the letter A a point at which the acceleration of the pendulum bob is a
maximum.
(1)

(ii) label with the letter V a point at which the speed of the pendulum bob is a
maximum.
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 17
(b) Explain why the magnitude of the tension in the string at the midpoint of the oscillation is
greater than the weight of the pendulum bob.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(i) Show that the speed of the pendulum bob at the midpoint of the oscillation is
0.70 m s–1.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 18
(ii) The mass of the pendulum bob is 0.057 kg. The centre of the pendulum bob is 0.80
m below the support. Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the string when the
pendulum bob is vertically below the point of suspension.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(d) The point of suspension of the pendulum bob is moved from side to side with a small
amplitude and at a variable driving frequency f.

For each value of the driving frequency a steady constant amplitude A is reached. The
oscillations of the pendulum bob are lightly damped.

IB Questionbank Physics 19
(i) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show the variation of A with f.

(2)

(ii) Explain, with reference to the graph in (d)(i), what is meant by resonance.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) The pendulum bob is now immersed in water and the variable frequency driving force in
(d) is again applied. Suggest the effect this immersion of the pendulum bob will have on
the shape of your graph in (d)(i).

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 20
6. This question is about simple harmonic motion and waves.

(a) A particle of mass m that is attached to a light spring is executing simple harmonic
motion in a horizontal direction.

State the condition relating to the net force acting on the particle that is necessary for it to
execute simple harmonic motion.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) The graph shows how the kinetic energy EK of the particle in (a) varies with the
displacement x of the particle from equilibrium.

(i) Using the axes above, sketch a graph to show how the potential energy of the
particle varies with the displacement x.
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 21
(ii) The mass of the particle is 0.30 kg. Use data from the graph to show that the
frequency f of oscillation of the particle is 2.0 Hz.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)

(c) The particles of a medium M1 through which a transverse wave is travelling, oscillate
with the same frequency and amplitude as that of the particle in (b).

(i) Describe, with reference to the propagation of energy through the medium, what is
meant by a transverse wave.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) The speed of the wave is 0.80 m s–1. Calculate the wavelength of the wave.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 22
(d) The diagram shows wavefronts of the waves in (c) incident on a boundary XY between
medium M1 and another medium M2.

The angle between the normal, and the direction of travel of the wavefronts is 30°.

(i) The speed of the wave in M1 is 0.80 m s–1. The speed of the waves in M2 is
1.2 m s–1.
Calculate the angle between the direction of travel of the wavefronts in M2 and the
normal.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii) On the diagram, sketch the wavefronts in M2.

(1)
(Total 15 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 23
7. This question is about simple harmonic motion and waves.

An object is vibrating in air. The variation with displacement x of the acceleration a of the
object is shown below.

IB Questionbank Physics 24
(a) State and explain two reasons why the graph opposite indicates that the object is
executing simple harmonic motion.

1. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(4)

(b) Use data from the graph to show that the frequency of oscillation is 350 Hz.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(4)

(c) State the amplitude of the vibrations.

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(d) The motion of the object gives rise to a longitudinal progressive (travelling) sound wave.

(i) State what is meant by a longitudinal progressive wave.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 25
(ii) The speed of the wave is 330 m s–1. Using the answer in (b), calculate the
wavelength of the wave.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

8. This question is about simple harmonic motion.

(a) In terms of the acceleration, state two conditions necessary for a system to perform
simple harmonic motion.

1. ..................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) A tuning fork is sounded and it is assumed that each tip vibrates with simple harmonic
motion.

The extreme positions of the oscillating tip of one fork are separated by a distance d.

(i) State, in terms of d, the amplitude of vibration.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 26
(ii) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the displacement of one tip of the
tuning fork varies with time.

(1)

(iii) On your graph, label the time period T and the amplitude a.
(2)

(c) The frequency of oscillation of the tips is 440 Hz and the amplitude of oscillation of each
tip is 1.2 mm. Determine the maximum

(i) linear speed of a tip.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) acceleration of a tip.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 27
9. Simple harmonic motion and the greenhouse effect

(a) A body is displaced from equilibrium. State the two conditions necessary for the body to
execute simple harmonic motion.

1. .........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

2. .........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) In a simple model of a methane molecule, a hydrogen atom and the carbon atom can be
regarded as two masses attached by a spring. A hydrogen atom is much less massive than
the carbon atom such that any displacement of the carbon atom may be ignored.

The graph below shows the variation with time t of the displacement x from its
equilibrium position of a hydrogen atom in a molecule of methane.

The mass of hydrogen atom is 1.7  10–27 kg. Use data from the graph above

(i) to determine its amplitude of oscillation.

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 28
(ii) to show that the frequency of its oscillation is 9.1  1013 Hz.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) to show that the maximum kinetic energy of the hydrogen atom is 6.2  10–18 J.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) On the grid below, sketch a graph to show the variation with time t of the velocity v of the
hydrogen atom for one period of oscillation starting at t = 0. (There is no need to add
values to the velocity axis.)

(3)

IB Questionbank Physics 29
(d) Assuming that the motion of the hydrogen atom is simple harmonic, its frequency of
oscillation f is given by the expression

1 k
f ,
2 mp

where k is the force per unit displacement between a hydrogen atom and the carbon atom
and mp is the mass of a proton.

(i) Show that the value of k is approximately 560 N m–1.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Estimate, using your answer to (d)(i), the maximum acceleration of the hydrogen
atom.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(e) Methane is classified as a greenhouse gas.

(i) Describe what is meant by a greenhouse gas.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 30
(ii) Electromagnetic radiation of frequency 9.1  1013 Hz is in the infrared region of
the electromagnetic spectrum. Suggest, based on the information given in (b)(ii),
why methane is classified as a greenhouse gas.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 17 marks)

10. This question is about standing (stationary) waves.

(a) Describe two ways that standing waves are different from travelling waves.

1. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) An experiment is carried out to measure the speed of sound in air, using the apparatus
shown below.

A tube that is open at both ends is placed vertically in a tank of water, until the top of the
tube is just at the surface of the water. A tuning fork of frequency 440 Hz is sounded
above the tube. The tube is slowly raised out of the water until the loudness of the sound
reaches a maximum for the first time, due to the formation of a standing wave.

IB Questionbank Physics 31
(i) Explain the formation of a standing wave in the tube.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) State the position in the tube that is always a node.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) The tube is raised a little further. Explain why the loudness of the sound is no
longer at a maximum.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(c) The tube is raised until the loudness of the sound reaches a maximum for a second time.
Between the two positions of maximum loudness, the tube has been raised by 36.8 cm.
The frequency of the sound is 440 Hz. Estimate the speed of sound in air.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

11. This question is about the Doppler effect.

IB Questionbank Physics 32
The sound emitted by a car’s horn has frequency f, as measured by the driver. An observer
moves towards the stationary car at constant speed and measures the frequency of the sound to
be f ′.

(a) Explain, using a diagram, any difference between f ′ and f.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) The frequency f is 3.00 × 102 Hz. An observer moves towards the stationary car at a
constant speed of 15.0 m s–1. Calculate the observed frequency f ′ of the sound.
The speed of sound in air is 3.30 ×102 m s–1.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 33
12. This question is about polarization.

(a) State what is meant by polarized light.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Unpolarized light is incident on the surface of a plastic. The angle of incidence is θ.
The reflected light is viewed through an analyser whose transmission axis is vertical.

The variation with θ of the intensity I of the transmitted light is shown in the graph.

IB Questionbank Physics 34
(i) Explain why there is an angle of incidence, for which the intensity of the
transmitted light is zero.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Calculate the refractive index of the plastic.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) Unpolarized light from a source is split, so that there is a path difference of half a
wavelength between the two beams.

A lens brings the light to focus at point P on a screen. The lens does not introduce any
additional path difference.

State and explain whether any light would be observed at P, in the case in which the
polarizers have their transmission axes

IB Questionbank Physics 35
(i) parallel.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) at right angles to each other.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

13. This question is about standing (stationary) waves.

The diagram represents a standing wave of wavelength λ set up on a string of length L.

The string is fixed at both ends.

(a) For this standing wave

(i) state the relationship between λ and L.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 36
(ii) label, on the diagram, two antinodes where the string is vibrating in phase. Label
the antinodes with the letter A.
(2)

(b) The standing wave has wavelength λ and frequency f. State and explain, with respect to a
standing wave, what is represented by the product f λ.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

14. This question is about radio waves.

A satellite is travelling directly away from a space shuttle with a speed of 7.9 km s–1.
The satellite is transmitting radio waves of frequency 150.000 000 MHz.

(a) (i) Calculate the frequency to which an astronaut on the shuttle will need to set a
receiver in order to receive the signal from the satellite.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 37
(ii) The satellite now passes close to a second space shuttle. Describe the changes that
will need to be made to the setting of the receiver as the satellite approaches and
moves away from the second shuttle.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(iii) Suggest why the formula used in the calculation in (a)(i) would not be suitable for
radiation from a distant galaxy moving away from the Earth at 90 % of the speed of
light.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) A space shuttle orbits at a height of 300 km above the surface of the Earth. It carries two
panels separated by a distance of 24 m. The panels reflect light of wavelength 500 nm
towards an observer on the Earth’s surface.

The observer views the panels with a telescope of aperture diameter 85 mm. The panels
act as point sources of light for the observer.

(i) Describe what is meant by the Rayleigh criterion.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 38
(ii) Determine whether the images of the panels formed by the telescope will be
resolved.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

15. This question is about standing waves.

A string that is fixed at both ends is made to vibrate in the fundamental (first harmonic) mode.

The fixed ends of the string are at x = 0 and x =L.

Each point on the string oscillates in simple harmonic motion. The displacement y of the string
at a point x at time t is given by the equation

y = Acos(500πt)

 πx 
where A = 12sin   .
 2 

IB Questionbank Physics 39
In these formulae x is in metres and t is in seconds. Using this equation,

(a) explain why the amplitude of the standing wave is not constant.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) calculate the frequency of the standing wave.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) show that L = 2.0 m.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 40
16. This question is about polarization.

(a) A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident on a polarizer. The polarization axis
of the polarizer is initially vertical as shown.

The polarizer is then rotated by 180° in the direction shown. On the axes below, sketch a
graph to show the variation with the rotation angle θ, of the transmitted light intensity I,
as θ varies from 0° to 180°. Label your sketch-graph with the letter U.

(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 41
(b) The beam in (a) is now replaced with a polarized beam of light of the same intensity.
The plane of polarization of the light is initially parallel to the polarization axis of the
polarizer.

The polarizer is then rotated by 180° in the direction shown. On the same axes in (a),
sketch a graph to show the variation with the rotation angle θ, of the transmitted light
intensity I, as θ varies from 0° to 180°. Label your sketch-graph with the letter P.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

17. This question is about standing waves.

(a) State two properties of a standing (stationary) wave.

1. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 42
(b) The diagram shows an organ pipe that is open at one end.

The length of the pipe is l. The frequency of the fundamental (first harmonic) note
emitted by the pipe is 16 Hz.

(i) On the diagram, label with the letter P the position along the pipe where the
amplitude of oscillation of the air molecules is the largest.
(1)

(ii) The speed of sound in the air in the pipe is 330 m s–1. Calculate the length l.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(c) Use your answer to (b)(ii) to suggest why it is better to use organ pipes that are closed at
one end for producing low frequency notes rather than pipes that are open at both ends.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 43
18. This question is about polarized light.

(a) Distinguish between polarized and unpolarized light.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 44
(b) A beam of plane polarized light of intensity I0 is incident on an analyser. The direction of
the beam is at right angles to the plane of the analyser.

The angle between the transmission axis of the analyser and the plane of polarization of
the light is θ. In the position shown the transmission axis of the analyser is parallel to the
plane of polarization of the light (θ = 0).

On the axes, sketch a graph to show how the intensity I of the transmitted light varies
with θ as the analyser is rotated through 180°.

(2)
(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 45
19. This question is about diffraction and resolution.

(a) A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident on a narrow rectangular slit. After
passing through the slit, the light is incident on a distant screen.

Point X is the midpoint of the slit.

(i) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the intensity of the light on the
screen varies with the angle θ shown in the diagram.

(3)

(ii) The wavelength of the light is 520 nm, the width of the slit is 0.04 mm and the
screen is 1.2 m from the slit. Show that the width of the central maximum of
intensity on the screen is about 3 cm.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 46
(b) Points P and Q are on the circumference of a planet as shown.

By considering the two points, outline why diffraction limits the ability of an
astronomical telescope to resolve the image of the planet as a disc.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

20. This question is about standing waves and organ pipes.

(a) State one way in which a standing wave differs from a travelling wave.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 47
(b) An organ pipe of length L is closed at one end. On the diagrams, draw a representation of
the displacement of the air in the pipe when the frequency of the note emitted by the pipe
is the

(i) fundamental (first harmonic) frequency f1.

(1)

(ii) second harmonic frequency f2.

(1)

f1
(c) Use your answer to (b) to deduce an expression for the ratio .
f2

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)

IB Questionbank Physics 48
(d) State, in terms of the boundary conditions of the standing waves that can be formed in the
pipe, the reason why the ratio of the higher frequencies of the harmonics to that of the
fundamental must always be an integer number.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

21. This question is about microwave radiation.

A microwave transmitter emits radiation of a single wavelength towards a metal plate along a
line normal to the plate. The radiation is reflected back towards the transmitter.

A microwave detector is moved along a line normal to the microwave transmitter and the metal
plate. The detector records a sequence of equally spaced maxima and minima of intensity.

(a) Explain how these maxima and minima are formed.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(4)

IB Questionbank Physics 49
(b) The microwave detector is moved through 130 mm from one point of minimum intensity
to another point of minimum intensity. On the way it passes through nine points of
maximum intensity. Calculate the

(i) wavelength of the microwaves.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) frequency of the microwaves.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 50
(c) Describe and explain how it could be demonstrated that the microwaves are polarized.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

22. This question is about polarization.

(a) State what is meant by polarized light.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 51
(b) A ray of light is incident on the surface of a lake. The angle of incidence is φ.

The reflected light is completely polarized horizontally.

The refractive index of water is n.

(i) On the diagram above draw the refracted ray.

(1)

(ii) Use the diagram to deduce the relationship between φ and n.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(iii) The refractive index of the water is 1.3. Calculate the value of φ.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 52
23. This question is about standing waves.

A string is attached between two rigid supports and is made to vibrate at its fundamental
frequency (first harmonic) f.

The diagram shows the displacement of the string at t = 0.

(a) Draw the displacement of the string at time

1
(i) t=
4f

(1)

1
(ii) t=
2f

(1)

(b) The distance between the supports is 1.0 m. A wave in the string travels at a speed of
240 m s–1. Calculate the frequency of the vibration of the string.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Physics 53
(c) An organ pipe that is open at one end has the same fundamental frequency as the string in
part (b). The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1. Determine the length of the pipe.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

24. This question is about the Doppler effect.

A stationary loudspeaker emits sound of frequency of 1000 Hz. Nadine attaches the loudspeaker
to a string. She moves the loudspeaker in a horizontal circle above her head at a speed of
30 m s–1. The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1.

An observer is standing well away from Nadine.

(a) Explain why the sound heard by the observer changes regularly.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(b) Determine the maximum frequency of the sound heard by the observer.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 54
25. This question is about polarization.

(a) State what is meant by unpolarized light.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) A beam of unpolarized light of intensity 1.0 W m–2 is incident on an ideal polarizing
filter.
State the value of the intensity of the transmitted light. Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 55
26. This question is about microwaves.

(a) Radiation from a microwave transmitter passes through a single narrow slit. A receiver is
placed several metres beyond the slit. The receiver can be moved between point A and
point B along a line parallel to the slit.

(i) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show the variation of intensity of the
microwave radiation with distance along line AB. The graph has been started for
you.

(3)

IB Questionbank Physics 56
(ii) The width of the narrow slit is reduced. State and explain two effects on the
intensity distribution you have shown in (a)(i).

Effect: ...............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Effect: ...............................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(4)

(b) Standing waves are formed in microwave ovens. Suggest why it is desirable that food is
rotated while being cooked in the microwave.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

27. This question is about polarization.

(a) State what is meant by polarized light.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Physics 57
(b) Polarized light of intensity I0 is incident on an analyser. The transmission axis of the
analyser makes an angle  with the direction of the electric field of the light.

(i) Calculate, in terms of I0, the intensity of light transmitted through the analyser
when  = 60.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show the variation with angle  of the
intensity of the transmitted light.

(2)

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

IB Questionbank Physics 58

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