Gather information of

hydroelectric power plants

ME-4I
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION SHIVAJIRAO S. JONDHALE
POLYTECHNIC,
Ambernath (E)

MICRO PROJECT

Academic year: 2023- 2024

TITLE OF PROJECT
2
 Gather information of hydroelectric
power plants

Program: Mechanical Engineering

Program code: ME4I

Course: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

Course code: (22445)

)

Member details

3
 Name of member Roll Enrollmen Seat no.
Sr no. t no
no.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Name of Guide

MR. SAWANT SIR

MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
4
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Manish Gaykar, Roll No. 609 of 4rd
Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Institute,
ShivajiRao .S. Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (E) (Code:
0147) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) for the
academic year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Ambernath Enrollment No: 2201470027

Date: ………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Sign of Student

MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
5
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. , Roll No. of 4rd

Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Institute,
ShivajiRao .S. Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (E) (Code:
0147) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) for the
academic year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Ambernath Enrollment No:

Date: ………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Sign of Student

MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
6
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. , Roll No. of 4rd

Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Institute,
ShivajiRao .S. Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (E) (Code:
0147) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) for the
academic year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Ambernath Enrollment No:

Date: ………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Sign of Student

MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
7
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. , Roll No. of 4rd

Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Institute,
ShivajiRao .S. Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (E) (Code:
0147) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in
Subject – Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) for the
academic year 2023- 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Ambernath Enrollment No:

Date: ………… Exam. Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Sign of Student

8
 INDEX

Sr.no. Content Page no

1. Hydroelectric power plants

2. Working

3. Advantages and Disadvantages

4. koyana dam Information

5. Lake tapping

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Hydroelectric power plants

Hydroelectric power plants are the workhorses of renewable energy

generation, harnessing the power of moving water to create
electricity. These facilities utilize dams to collect and store water in
reservoirs. Imagine a giant water tank high above a river. The water
from this reservoir travels down a pipe called a penstock, gaining
speed due to gravity. This forceful rush of water spins massive
turbine blades, which in turn, rotates a shaft connected to a
generator. Just like a giant pinwheel creating electricity, the
generator converts the mechanical energy of the spinning shaft into
clean electricity that can be transmitted to homes and businesses.

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Working of Hydroelectric Power Plant

1. Water Collection and Storage:

 The journey begins with a source of moving water, like a river or lake.
 A dam is constructed across the river, creating a large reservoir to
store the water.

2. Channeling the Water:

 From the reservoir, water travels through a controlled passage called a
penstock. This penstock is essentially a large-diameter pipe that
directs the water downhill towards the turbines.

3. The Powerhouse: Converting Potential to Kinetic Energy

 The penstock leads to the powerhouse, which houses the key
components for generating electricity:
o Turbines: As the water rushes down the penstock, it gains speed
and exerts a powerful force on the turbine blades. The design of
the turbine blades (either impulse or reaction) determines how this
force is converted into rotational energy.

4. Generator: Converting Kinetic to Electrical Energy

 The rotating turbine shaft is connected to a generator. As the shaft
spins, the generator uses the principles of electromagnetism to convert
this mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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5. Transmission and Distribution:
 The electricity generated by the hydroelectric plant is then stepped up
to higher voltages for efficient transmission over long distances
through power lines.
 Finally, the electricity is stepped down to usable voltages for
distribution to homes, businesses, and industries.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant

Advantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant

 Clean Energy: A renewable resource, hydroelectric power produces
clean energy without releasing harmful greenhouse gas emissions,
contributing to a cleaner environment.
 Reliable Energy: It's a dependable source of energy, able to generate
consistent electricity on demand, providing a stable base for the power
grid.
 Multiple Benefits: Many hydroelectric dams provide additional
benefits beyond electricity generation. They can help with flood
control by regulating water flow and provide irrigation water for
nearby communities.

Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant

 Environmental Impact: Dams can disrupt the natural flow of rivers,
impacting fish migration patterns and altering ecosystems.
 Displacement: Building these dams can sometimes displace people
and communities that have resided in the area for generations.
 Cost: The upfront cost to construct and maintain these facilities can
be significant, requiring substantial investment

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14
 Gather information of hydroelectric power plants in
Maharashtra -koyana dam

The koyana Dam is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra, India. It is a rubble
concrete dam constructed on koyana River which rises in Mahabaleshwar, a hill
station in the Sahyadri ranges. It is located in koyana Nagar, Satara district,
nestled in the Western Ghats on the state highway between Chiplun and Karad.

The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectricity with some irrigation. Koyama
Hydroelectric Project is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in
India having a total installed capacity of 1,920 MW. Due to its electricity
generating potential Koyama river is considered the 'lifeline of Maharashtra.

History
>In the early 20th century, there was a survey of the koyana River as a
hydroelectric source by the Tata Group.
> The 1928 financial crisis caused the project to be shelved.
> After the independence of India, it was taken over by the Government of
Maharashtra.

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> In 1951 koyana Dam division started to look into the project. The project was
approved in 1953 and work commenced in early 1954 and was completed in
1962

Features
 Dam and spillways
 Type of dam-Rubble-concrete dam
 impounds-Koyna River
 Height-103.2 m (339 ft)
 Length-807.2 m (2,648 ft)
 Reservoir Creates -Shivajinagar Lake
 Total capacity -2,797,400,000 m3 (2,267,900 acre . ft)
 Surface area-891.78 km2 (344 sq mi)
The spillway of the dam is located at the center. It has 6 radial gates. The dam
plays a vital role in flood control during monsoon season.
The catchment area dams the koyana river and forms the Shivajisagar Lake
which is approximately 50 km (31 mi) in length. It is one of the largest civil
engineering projects commissioned after Indian independence. The koyana
hydroelectric project is run by the Maharashtra State Electricity Board.

Repairs of dam
 In 1973 the non-overflow portion of the dam was strengthened, followed
by the strengthening of the spillway section in 2006.
 Also, internal holes were drilled to relieve the hydrostatic pressures in the
body of the dam.
 an Indian scientific establishment has formulated an ambitious project to
drill a deep borehole in the region and intensely study earthquake activity.
 Now the dam is expected to be safe against any future earthquake even of
more intensity than that of 1967.

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17
koyana Hydroelectric Project

• The koyana Hydroelectric Project is the largest completed hydroelectric power

plant in India.
* It is a complex project with four dams including the largest dam on the
koyana River known as the koyana Dam hence the name koyana Hydroelectric
Project.
• The project site is in the Satara district near Patan. The village Helwak near
the dam was later known as koyananagar.

> The total capacity of the project is 1,960 MW.

> The project consists of four stages of power generation.
> All the generators are located in underground powerhouses excavated deep
inside the mountains of the Western Ghats. A dam foot powerhouse also
contributes to electricity generation
> The project takes advantage of the height of Western Ghats. Thus a very large
hydraulic head is available over a very short distance.

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Stage I and II

> 1st and 2nd stages share the same powerhouse with a total of eight Pelton
turbine units.

> Capacity, four turbines having of 65 MW each for 1st stage and 75 MW each
for 2nd stage.

> The water from The Shivajinagar reservoir is taken through an intake
structure known as Navja tower near the village of Navja into the headrace
tunnel.

> Then it travels towards the surge tank. It is further divided into four pressure
shafts which run vertically downward delivering water to the turbines.

> Then the water is discharged into the tailrace tunnel.

> A dam foot powerhouse was also constructed which is used to generate
electricity by the water which is discharged from the koyana Dam for irrigation
purposes.
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> It has two Francis turbine units of 20 MW each. This powerhouse is run
according to the irrigation requirements of the downstream areas.

> The combined installed capacity of the two stages and the dam foot
powerhouse is 600 MW.

Stage III
• It was observed that the water still had a hydraulic head of about 120 m which
could be used.

• To use this head, the Kolkewadi Dam was constructed at this location.
• It forms a balancing reservoir and maintains the head.
• This dam impounds the tailrace water from Stage 1 and II.
• This water is drawn through penstocks and electricity is generated by four
Francis turbine units with a capacity of 80 MW each
• the tailrace water from these stages then flows through a channel and joins the
Arabian Sea near Chinlun.
• The installed generating capacity of this stage is 320 MW.

Stage IV
• Later in the 1980s, the electricity demand of Maharashtra increased
tremendously resulting in inadequate power supply.

• The Planning Commission accorded approval to Stage IV with an installed

capacity of 4 x 250 MW.
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• Thus, one more stage called Stage IV was introduced, thus converting the
koyana Power Station into a peaking power station complex with a load factor
of about 18.7%.

• This scheme also draws water from the existing Shivajinagar reservoir same
as Stages I and II.

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Lake tapping

a nonconventional intake system was created by piercing the lake from

the bottom by blasting the rock plug using dynamite. This double lake
tapping process was the first of its kind in Asia.

The water in the headrace tunnel is directly drawn from the reservoir and
delivered to the head surge tank. The four huge Francis turbine units of
250 MW each generate electricity and tailrace water is taken into the
Kolkewadi Dam reservoir through the tailrace tunnel. A revolutionary
gas-insulated switchgear system is used in the underground powerhouse
of this stage. The installed capacity of this stage alone is 1000 MW. This
stage is mostly used to cater to the peak hour demands of the electric grid.

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Stage Unit number Installed capacity ( MW) Date of commissioning Status
Stage 1 70 1962 May Running
Stage I 2 70 1962 August Running
Stage I 3 70 1963 January Running
Stage I 4 70 1963 February Running
Stage II 5 80 1967 June Running
Stage II 6 80 1966 November Running
Stage II 7 80 1966 June Running
Stage II 8 80 1966 March Running
Stage III 9 80 1975 July Running
Stage III 10 80 1976 January Running
Stage III 11 80 1977 May Running
Stage III 12 80 1977 Running
Stage IV 13 250 1981 Running
Stage IV 14 250 1981 Running
Stage IV 15 250 1981 Running
Stage IV 16 250 1981 Running

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 Shivaji Rao S. Jondhale polytechnic, Ambernath
Academic Year 2023-2024
Teacher Evaluation sheet for Micro project
Program title: Mechanical Engineering
Course
Semester: Fourth
Name of student: -

Title of the project: Gather information of hydroelectric power

plants
Cos addressed by the Microproject: Use knowledge of
hydroelectric power plants .
Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
Practical Outcome: students understood the concepts.
Unit Outcomes: students understood the concept of hydroelectric
power plants Outcome in affective domain: students can participate
effectively in group work. Students also learn many things in Excel,
word, etc. habit of keeping record of event. Collect relevant
material, data from primary and secondary sources
Comments/suggestions about teamwork/
Leadership/interpersonal communication (if any).
Consistency in work, good to co-ordination and involvement in
team,

Name and designation of the faculty Member:

(Lecturer): SAWANT sir

Signature:
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 Weekly progress report of Microproject

Subject: Fluid Mechanics and machinery

Sr. Week Activity Sign of Guide Date

No Performed

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