See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/359470980

LRFD Bridge Design: Fundamentals and Applications

Book · February 2022

DOI: 10.1201/9781003265467

CITATIONS READS
0 250

1 author:

Timothy Huff
Tennessee Technological University
25 PUBLICATIONS 48 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Timothy Huff on 25 March 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 LRFD Bridge Design

486258_Book.indb 1 01-Nov-21 09:14:09

486258_Book.indb 2 01-Nov-21 09:14:09
 LRFD Bridge Design
Fundamentals and Applications

Tim Huff

486258_Book.indb 3 01-Nov-21 09:14:09

 First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

and by CRC Press

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

© 2022 Tim Huff

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publish-
ers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not
been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.

Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
written permission from the publishers.

For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or con-
tact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For
works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected]

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

[Insert LoC Data here when available]

ISBN: 978-1-032-20836-7 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-20837-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-26546-7 (ebk)

DOI: 10.1201/9781003265467

Typeset in Times
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India

486258_Book.indb 4 01-Nov-21 09:14:09

 Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................xi
Author biography ................................................................................................... xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1

1.1 The Project Bridge.....................................................................1
1.2 Preliminary Dimensions............................................................ 5
1.3 Bridge Girder Behavior at Various Stages of Construction ........7
1.4 Bridge Materials ........................................................................9
1.5 Software for Bridge Engineering ............................................ 13
1.6 Section Properties.................................................................... 14
1.7 Solved Problems ...................................................................... 14
1.8 Exercises ..................................................................................20

Chapter 2 Loads on Bridges ................................................................................ 23

2.1 Dead Loads (DC and DW) ......................................................24
2.2 Live and Impact Loads (LL and IM) ......................................25
2.3 Braking Forces (BR)................................................................ 27
2.4 Centrifugal Forces (CE) .......................................................... 27
2.5 Wind Loads (WS and WL) ...................................................... 29
2.6 Collision Loads (CT and CV).................................................. 30
2.7 Temperature Loads (TU) ......................................................... 32
2.8 Earthquake Loads (EQ) .......................................................... 33
2.9 Water Loading (WA) ............................................................... 43
2.10 Solved Problems ......................................................................46
2.11 Exercises ..................................................................................60

Chapter 3 Load Combinations and Limit States ................................................. 63

3.1 Solved Problems ...................................................................... 68
3.2 Exercises ..................................................................................80

Chapter 4 Deck and Parapet Design ................................................................... 83

4.1 Parapet Design ......................................................................... 83
4.2 Deck Overhang Design............................................................ 85
4.3 Interior Bay Deck Design ........................................................ 85
4.4 Solved Problems ...................................................................... 88
4.5 Exercises ................................................................................ 105

486258_Book.indb 5 01-Nov-21 09:14:09

 vi Contents

Chapter 5 Distribution of Live Load ................................................................. 107

5.1 AASHTO Equations .............................................................. 108
5.2 The Lever Rule ...................................................................... 111
5.3 Rigid Cross-Section Method ................................................. 112
5.4 Solved Problems .................................................................... 113
5.5 Exercises ................................................................................ 124

Chapter 6 Steel Welded Plate I-Girders ............................................................ 125

6.1 Flexural Resistance at the Strength Limit State .................... 126
6.1.1 Composite Compact Sections in Positive Flexure....... 126
6.1.2 Non-Compact Composite Sections in
Positive Flexure ........................................................ 128
6.1.3 Negative Flexure and Non-composite Sections........ 129
6.2 Shear Resistance .................................................................... 131
6.3 Transverse Stiffener Design .................................................. 132
6.4 Bearing Stiffener Design ....................................................... 133
6.5 Fatigue Design ....................................................................... 134
6.6 Field Splice Design ................................................................ 137
6.7 Stability Bracing .................................................................... 142
6.8 Shear Studs ............................................................................ 146
6.9 Plastic Moment Computations............................................... 148
6.10 Solved Problems .................................................................... 148
6.11 Exercises ................................................................................ 174

Chapter 7 Precast Prestressed Concrete Girders .............................................. 179

7.1 Stress Analysis....................................................................... 179
7.2 Flexural Resistance................................................................ 180
7.3 Shear Resistance .................................................................... 182
7.4 Continuity Details ................................................................. 184
7.5 Mild Tensile Reinforcement in Girders ................................. 186
7.6 Negative Moment Reinforcement for Girders
Made Continuous................................................................... 187
7.7 Transfer and Development Length ........................................ 190
7.8 Stress Control Measures ........................................................ 190
7.9 Solved Problems .................................................................... 191
7.10 Exercises ................................................................................ 210

Chapter 8 Bridge Girder Bearings .................................................................... 215

8.1 Elastomeric Bearings............................................................. 215
8.2 Steel Assembly Bearings ....................................................... 220
8.3 Isolation Bearings .................................................................. 222
8.4 Anchor Rods .......................................................................... 227
8.5 Solved Problems .................................................................... 227
8.6 Exercises ................................................................................ 239

486258_Book.indb 6 01-Nov-21 09:14:09

 Contents vii

Chapter 9 Reinforced Concrete Substructures.................................................. 241

9.1 Pier Cap Design ..................................................................... 242
9.2 Pier Column Design .............................................................. 245
9.3 Spread Footing Design ..........................................................246
9.4 Pile Cap Design ..................................................................... 247
9.5 Drilled Shaft Design .............................................................. 250
9.6 Pile Bent Design .................................................................... 251
9.7 Bridge Pier Displacement Capacity under
Seismic Loading .................................................................... 255
9.8 The Alaska Pile Bent Design Strategy .................................. 258
9.9 Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST) ...................................... 258
9.9.1 CFST Design in Accordance with BDS
Sections 6.9.6 and 6.12.2.3.3 .................................... 259
9.9.2 CFST Design by BDS Sections 6.9.5 and
6.12.3.2.2 and GS Section 7.6 ...................................260
9.9.3 Steel Tube Design without Concrete Fill ................. 262
9.9.4 CFST Design for Extreme Event Limit States ......... 263
9.10 Two-Way Shear ...................................................................... 265
9.11 Fatigue Related Issues in Reinforced Concrete ..................... 265
9.12 Abutment Design ...................................................................266
9.13 Solved Problems .................................................................... 269
9.14 Exercises ................................................................................302

Chapter 10 Seismic Design of Bridges ............................................................... 305

10.1 Force-based Seismic Design by the LRFD BDS...................306
10.2 Displacement-based Seismic Design by the LRFD GS ........308
10.3 Capacity Design Principles ................................................... 311
10.4 Ground Motion Selection and Modification for Response
History Analysis .................................................................... 313
10.5 Substitute-Structure Method (SSM) Analysis ....................... 317
10.6 Shear Resistance at the Extreme Event Limit State .............. 320
10.7 Solved Problems .................................................................... 322
10.8 Exercises ................................................................................340

Chapter 11 Seismic Isolation of Bridges ............................................................. 343

11.1 Partial Isolation of Interstate 40 over State Route 5 .............. 343
11.2 Seismic Retrofit of Interstate 40 over the
Mississippi River ................................................................... 353
11.3 Solved Examples ................................................................... 353
11.4 Exercises ................................................................................360

Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 363

Index ...................................................................................................................... 367

486258_Book.indb 7
View publication stats 01-Nov-21 09:14:09