1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Organization Profile :

KBC Systems is a flourishing Offshore Software Development / Web

Design and Development Company Outsourcing firm based in Aurangabad, India.
We specialize in online and offline applications with diverse and cost effective
solutions to choose from.
We have worked with clients from all parts of the globe. Our strength lies
in the fact that we believe in long-term relationship with our clients. We
emphasize on top quality services and customer satisfaction. We understand how
technology can elicit the growth of your venture.

Services:

KBC Systems provides a variety of technological services from Software

Development, Web Development, Data Compilation , Custom internet web design
and development . Each solution is unique which is why we take great care to
ensure the communication with our clients is conducted in a prompt and
professional manner. Through the years we have designed websites and solutions
that suit our clients' needs and this is the best way to ensure customer satisfaction.

1) Software Development

2) Web Design and Development

3) E-commerce Development

4) Android App and IOS Development

5) Payment Integration

1.2 Introduction:

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 The KPOND Appointment system includes registration of patients, storing
their details into the system, and also computerized. The software has the facility to
give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and the
staff automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of
patients, doctors and staffs. User can search availability of a doctor and the details
of a patient using the id.

The KPOND Appointment system can be entered using a username and

password. It is accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they can
add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is very
user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data
processing very fast.

KPOND Appointment system is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is

designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.

The main objective is to develop a PHP based web application named

“KPOND Appointment system” that covers all the aspects of making appointment
of doctors. It enables healthcare providers to improve operational effectiveness,
reduce costs, reduce medical errors, reduce time consumption and enhance
delivery of quality of care.

This system help reduce the problems occur when using the manual system and
helps patients to skip endless queues. The important thing is it will become easier
for the data record and retrieval. This software also stores all the patient details,
patients profile, prescriptions etc. This system enables doctors and clinic assistant
to manage patient records and appointments. User can enter their details, update
their profile and they can select doctors to make appointments.

1.3 Objective of the Project:

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 The main objective of the thesis is to provide quality medical care to the
patients by bringing all medical practitioners of the city to a single platform so that
everybody can easily access them and make appointments. The second objective is
to replace the current manual file keeping system with an online medical patient
database system.

1.4 Aim of the Project:

The aim of this project is to create a platform where patients and doctors can
access /interact efficiently with each other and provide ease and comfort to the
patients. It also aims to resolve the problems that patients have to face while taking
appointments and keeping medical files. Patients can choose a medical practitioner
based on their professional profile and other patient's reviews. While doctors can
access and update a patient’s medical record after every check-up.

1.5 Project Scope:

This system is implemented for all the individuals who want to get treated
by the city practitioners. The users can participate only if they have created an
account through the registration form and have provided their medical history.
Once they get registered themselves further they would not need to update their
record as it would be done automatically after each doctor’s visit.

1.6 Appointment Delay:

It has been proved in the past research that there is a direct relationship
between appointment delay and cancellation of the appointment. Appointment
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delay is defined as the time which starts when an individual request for an
appointment and ends until he/ she gets consulted by the doctor. Longer
appointment delays cause more appointment cancellations. So, the best way to
reduce appointment cancellations or no-shows is to minimize the time gap between
the appointment request and doctor’s check-up/consultation time. Minimizing this
gap is called open access (abbreviated as OA) or advance access policy which later
became a popular practice and part of an active research also. Both positive and
negative results were experienced by the researchers in their experiments. Some
practitioners were in the favor of OA and highly recommended it, and on the other
hand, there were some practitioners who disagreed and were against of OA
implementation.

1.7 Managing Patient’s Appointment:

In a health care centre, an application which is used to manage and minimize

patient waiting time is called managing patient's appointment system. Some health
care clinics use this kind of applications while some do not. Medical clinics who
use such applications usually have shorter waiting times as compared to those
medical clinics who do not use any appointment application. Patients who
supposed to wait more than an hour for their medical check-up feel disgraced and
unfair. Patients can evaluate the quality of any medical centre based on the waiting
time they have to experience. Therefore, it has become important to consider
factors like “saving time” and “minimizing idle time” while developing any
patient’s appointment system.

1.8 Online Booking:

An online appointment system is a web-based system which is made up of

independent components or web pages, working together for a common purpose.
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Such systems are available on the internet for the users to accomplish some
purpose.

James (1999) defined internet as a system which provides an opportunity to

millions of people to get access to a large amount of stored data and get connected
to each other despite distances. Increased rate of missed appointments and patient
dissatisfaction pushed to recognize the need for better-quality care services. With
the advancement of information technology and the sensitive situation of medical
care, online appointment system emerged as an important output for efficient and
timely delivery of health care services. Earlier, appointment requests were used to
make through the phone call, email or fax but with the advancement of technology
and internet, the trend changed towards the proper online appointment systems.

According to Gruca (2004), a patient can make an appointment for a doctor

either by going directly to the doctor's clinic or making a manual appointment
through the phone call or sending the email. With the emergence of the internet,
health care centres can connect and communicate with their patients efficiently.
Therefore, many healthcare centres have started using online appointment systems.
Such systems ensure efficiency and effectiveness.

1.9 Existing System:

Doctor run their own private clinics and consult patients during the evening
or any time of the day depending on their availability. Some are popular and
known to all while some are known by few people. This situation proves to be a
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challenge for new practitioners as they are known to very few people even if they
have a good academic background. On the other side, patients also face difficulty
in finding and choosing a nearby doctor.
Presently people are making appointments manually. This is a time
consuming process, patient has to physically go to the clinic in order to make
appointment. Some clinics provide the opportunity to make appointments by
placing a phone call. But in this case, people are often left unattended.

LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

By analysing the existing system, some of its drawbacks are listed.

1. Time consuming.
2. Lack of efficiency.
3. Needs to be physically present at the clinic.
4. Can’t make appointments in advance for long intervals.

Determination of Problem:
Long waiting lines:

To get doctor's consultation, patients come twice to the clinic once for taking
the appointment and second time for the checkup. Some patients visit the doctor
without any prior appointment resulting in a long waiting time. There is also a
possibility that they don't consultation by the doctor even after a long waiting line.

Managing paper-based medical files:

Patients must carry their medical related report or files every time they visit
a doctor. And sometimes they lost their files too.

1.10 Patient’s Appointment Time:

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 Scheduling appointments for the patients started long years ago. Primarily
appointment system was developed to minimize doctor’s idle time because it was
thought that doctors time is more valuable as compared to the patient’s waiting
time. But later it was realized that the importance of minimizing the patient's
waiting time is as important as the doctor’s time. So now while developing an
appointment system
doctor's idle time and the patient's waiting time both factors are given equal
importance. Patient’s scheduling also includes improving quality health services,
reducing doctors and nurses idle time and reducing patient’s waiting time.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The purpose of this project is to build an Online Appointment and Database

Management System. It is important for the user to understand how this application
works and knowing the technologies that are used to implement this project. For a

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better understanding, all steps are described in detail to give a full overview of the
system.

2.1 Web Server:

Role of a web server is to communicate between the client side and server
side by storing, processing and delivering web pages to the client side. Usually,
web browser initiates the communication using HTTP by sending the request of a
specific resource and server gives the response with the content of that requested
resource. For this project work, Apache HTTP server was chosen, and it exists on
the WAMP service. Apache HTTP server is one of the popularly used web server
software used in a lot of project works.

Apache web server

Apache web server is a free, open source and most popularly used software.
Apache web server is used by many famous websites such as Apple, Wikipedia,
and PayPal. Another reason for its popularity is that it can run on multiple
operating systems such as Linux, UNIX, windows, and macOS. Another feature of
Apache web server is that it can host websites which use server-side language code
(Perl, PHP). Because in this project server-side implementation is done by using
PHP so Apache was a good choice.

Programming Languages

In this project, PHP was chosen as a server-side programming language and

MySQL was selected as a backend database. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript were
used for the client-side work.

2.2 PHP

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 PHP is a server-side programming language commonly used to develop
dynamic web pages. It is free and accessible in numerous different versions. It can
be used on multiple OS such as macOS, windows, UNIX and different platforms.
Because it is a scripting language so in this program code is taken after the
program execution. PHP can also be used in desktop applications.
One of the reasons for choosing PHP in this project is that it supports
MySQL which is chosen as a database in our project. PHP programming
language makes easy to present images and PDF files on HTML pages.

WHAT IS PHP FILE?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code

• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser as plain HTML

• PHP files have extension ".php"

WHAT CAN PHP DO?

• PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server

• PHP can collect form data

• PHP can send and receive cookies

• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database

• PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website

• PHP can encrypt data

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 With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF
files, and even Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and
XML.

Client-side programming

For the development and designing of web pages HTML, CSS and
JavaScript languages were used. HTML for creating the web pages, CSS for
styling and for adding further functionalities JavaScript was used.

2.3 JavaScript

JavaScript is dynamic, high-level scripting language and considered to be

one of the core three technologies of the world wide web. It is considered an
important part of a web application. It is used for adding functionalities and
making web pages interactive. In simple words, it informs the browser about a
certain activity or event that occurred and changes the web page as a response to
that event, for example, a click on a button.
JavaScript is the scripting language of the Web. All modern HTML pages are
using JavaScript. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.
JavaScript code can be inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all
types of web browsers. JavaScript is easy to learn.

WHY TO USE JAVASCRIPT:

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

• HTML to define the content of web pages

• CSS to specify the layout of web pages

• JavaScript to specify the behavior of web pages

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Example

x = document.getElementById("demo"); //Find the HTML element with

id="demo"
x.innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript"; //Change the content of the HTML element

document.getElementById() is one of the most commonly used HTML DOM

methods.

OTHER USES OF JAVASCRIPT:

• Delete HTML elements

• Create new HTML elements

• Copy HTML elements

• In HTML, JavaScript is a sequence of statements that can be executed by the

web browser.

JAVASCRIPT STATEMENTS

• JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

• The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to do.

• This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" inside an
HTML element with id="demo":

• Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.

• Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement.

• Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many statements on one

line.

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JAVASCRIPT CODE:

• JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.

• Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.

• This example will manipulate two HTML elements:

• Example

• document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How are you?";

JAVASCRIPT PROPERTIES:

• Properties are the values associated with a JavaScript object.

• A JavaScript object is a collection of unordered properties.

• Properties can usually be changed, added, and deleted, but some are read
only.

2.4 HTML

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup

language used to create web pages.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed

in angle brackets (like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs
like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are
unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second
tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). Though not
always necessary, it is best practice to append a slash to tags which are not paired
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with a closing tag.

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose

them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML
tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the
structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it
a markup language rather than a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML

allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive
forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting
structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and
other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which
affect the behavior of HTML web pages.

2.5 CSS

It is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a
document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web
pages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied
to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a
cornerstone specification of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets
to describe their presentation.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content

from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors,
and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more
flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable
multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the
structural content .

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 CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles
for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read
out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile
devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending
on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a
document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can use a different
style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has
specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the document to a
specific style sheet the default style of the browser will be applied.

2.6 jQuery

jQuery is a fast and concise JavaScript Library created by John Resign in 2006
with a nice motto: Write less, do more. jQuery simplifies HTML document
traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax interactions for rapid web
development. jQuery is a JavaScript toolkit designed to simplify various tasks by
writing less code. Here is the list of important core features supported by jQuery −

 DOM manipulation − The jQuery made it easy to select DOM

elements, negotiate them and modifying their content by using cross-
browser open source selector engine called Sizzle.

 Event handling − The jQuery offers an elegant way to capture a

wide variety of events, such as a user clicking on a link, without the need to
clutter the HTML code itself with event handlers.

 AJAX Support − The jQuery helps you a lot to develop a responsive

and feature rich site using AJAX technology.

 Animations − The jQuery comes with plenty of built-in animation

effects which you can use in your websites.

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  Lightweight − The jQuery is very lightweight library - about 19KB
in size (Minified and gzipped).

 Cross Browser Support − The jQuery has cross-browser support,

and works well in IE 6.0+, FF 2.0+, Safari 3.0+, Chrome and Opera 9.0+

 Latest Technology − The jQuery supports CSS3 selectors and basic

XPath syntax.

2.7 AJAX

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new

technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with
the help of XML, HTML, CSS, and Java Script.

 Ajax uses XHTML for content, CSS for presentation, along with
Document Object Model and JavaScript for dynamic content display.

 Conventional web applications transmit information to and from the

sever using synchronous requests. It means you fill out a form, hit submit,
and get directed to a new page with new information from the server.

 With AJAX, when you hit submit, JavaScript will make a request to
the server, interpret the results, and update the current screen. In the purest
sense, the user would never know that anything was even transmitted to the
server.

 XML is commonly used as the format for receiving server data,

although any format, including plain text, can be used.

 AJAX is a web browser technology independent of web server

software.

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  A user can continue to use the application while the client program
requests information from the server in the background.

 Intuitive and natural user interaction. Clicking is not required, mouse

movement is a sufficient event trigger.

 Data-driven as opposed to page-driven.

Rich Internet Application Technology

AJAX is the most viable Rich Internet Application (RIA) technology so far.
It is getting tremendous industry momentum and several tool kit and frameworks
are emerging. But at the same time, AJAX has browser incompatibility and it is
supported by JavaScript, which is hard to maintain and debug.

AJAX is Based on Open Standards

AJAX is based on the following open standards −

 Browser-based presentation using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets

(CSS).

2.8 Backend technology:-

For this project work, MySQL was chosen as a database.

MySQL
It is an open source relational database management system which aims to
offer multiple user access to several databases. In simple words, a database is a
collection of data which can be a list of shopping items, number of items in a
shopping centre or even a vast amount of numerous data in a corporate network.
To manage such kind of data, a database management system is required such as
MySQL which aims to access data and perform functions like add, remove or edit
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 data. Since MySQL is a relational database so it stores data in different tables
instead of putting into a large storeroom. Storing /organizing data into tables
increases the accessibility speed and flexibility.
Applications which demand availability and scalability use MySQL.
Because it has the capability to recover and cope with failures on the host,
MySQL, operating system or the hardware that may cause downtime. Scalability
refers to the ability to spread the database as well as application queries. MySQL is
reliable for data security. MySQL has a good memory management system and
provides multiple development interfaces (ODBC, JDBC).
Since MySQL is a free open source software so anyone can download it
without paying anything and make changes into the source code. For this project,
MySQL was chosen because it is very easy to use and PHP's ability to work with
MySQL.

MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

MySQL is a database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is ideal
for both small and large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. It
supports standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms.

The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of

related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when
storing information categorically.

FEATURES OF MySQL:

Internals and portability:

•Written in C and C++.

•Tested with a broad range of different compilers.

•Works on many different platforms.

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•Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as with Val
grind, a GPL tool.
•Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.

Security:
•A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that enables
host-based verification.

•Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a

server.

Scalability and Limits:

•Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that contain 50
million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server with 200,000
tables and about 5,000,000,000 rows.

• Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each index may
consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum index width is
767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before MySQL 4.1.2, the
limit is 500 bytes. An index may use a prefix of a column
for CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT column types.

2.9 CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:

• Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

• On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista),

clients can connect using named pipes if the server is started with the --
enable-named-pipe option. In MySQL 4.1 and higher, Windows servers
also support shared-memory connections if started with the --shared-
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 memory option. Clients can connect through shared memory by using
the --protocol=memory option.

• On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.

LOCALIZATION:
• The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
• All data is saved in the chosen character set.

CLIENTS AND TOOLS:

• MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These include both
command-line programs such as MySQL dump and mysqladmin, and
graphical programs such as MySQL Workbench.
• MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check,
optimize, and repair tables. These statements are available from the
command line through the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also
includes myisamchk, a very fast command-line utility for performing
these operations on MyISAM tables.
• MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option to obtain
online assistance.

WHY TO USE MySQL:

• Leading open source RDBMS

• Ease of use – No frills

• Fast

• Robust

• Security

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 • Multiple OS support

• Free

• Technical support

• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 Million

TB

2.12 Software Tools

For this project work following source tools were chosen to perform various tasks:

Notepad++
Notepad++ is an unrestricted, plain text editor used widely by developers for
Microsoft Windows. Notepad++ supports several languages and is used to write
and edit code. In this project Notepad++ is used to write HTML, CSS, PHP and
JavaScript codes. Its main features include syntax highlighting, correcting and
auto-completion.

XAMPP Server

XAMPP is a free and open source software which empowers technologies,

processes, and machines to link and work together. It is established by Apache. It
stands for x-OS, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Perl and used as a stage for coding
and designing web pages.
Xampp is very easy to install and has the capability to run on several
platforms. Xampp has very strict security settings and with a single command it
can start and stop the server.

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 3.SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Class Diagram

The class diagram is chosen to explain the design phase of the system. A
class diagram describes classes of the system, attributes, and operations and
relationships of the classes in a better way. We can also say that class diagrams are
used to justify the structure or behavior of use cases of the system. Class diagrams
best explain the conceptual model of the system in terms of entities and their
relationships. The class diagram looks like a shape of a rectangle, comprising three
compartments stacked vertically. The first top box comprises the class name, the
second middle box contains the attributes of the class and third the last box
contains the methods or functions performed by that class. The first compartment /
box of the name is compulsory while rest of the two can be omitted to simplify the
diagram. So, in any class diagram first compartment must be drawn while the
second two compartments are optional.
The class "patient" contains multiple parameters (such as id, name, age,
address), which depict the information of all the registered patients. The user class
also contains the methods performed by these users such as get appointment, view/
create own medical record etc. In the same way, the class "doctor" has the
parameters id, name, department, address possessing all the required information
of the users registered as a doctor on to the system. Methods include accept/reject
the appointment, check the patient, view a medical record of any patient etc. These
methods are the functions performed by the users registered as a doctor on the
system. The class “appointment” has the parameters of date and time, explaining
what time or day patient user has requested.

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3.1.1 ER Diagram-

3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD) :-

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 Generally, DFD’s are used as a design notation to represent architectural
design (External design) and top level design (internal design) specifications.
DFD’s represent the system in hierarchical manner with one top level and many
lower level diagrams with each representing separate parts of the system. A DFD
shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where
the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not
show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether
processes will operate in sequence or in parallel Since diagrammatic
representations are easier to interpret as compared to the technical descriptions, the
non-technical users can also understand the system details clearly. DFD consists of
four basic notations which help to depict the information in the system. These
notations are rectangle, circle, open-ended rectangle, and arrows.

Represents an external entity that is

Rectangle
the source or destination of data
within the system. Each external entity
is represented by a meaningful
and unique name.

Represent processes that

Circles
sow transformation or
manipulation of data within the
system.

Represent data stores that indicate

the place for storing information
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 within the system.

They are used to represent data

flows that show the movement
of data from its source to destination
within the system.

3.2.1 Level – 0 : DFD

Admin Hospital Management Patient

System

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 3.2.2 Level – 1 : DFD

Staff Details

Management
Doctor Details Staff Staff Table
Appointment

Admin

Doctor Doctor Table

Appointment
Doctor

Patient
Appointment Appointment
table

3.3 Tables:

1)Admin Table:

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Sr. no. Column Data Type Constraints

1. Id Int Primary Key

2. Username varchar

3. Password varchar

2)Staff Table:

Sr. no. Column Data Type Constraint

1. Sid Int Primary Key
2. Sname Varchar
3. Gender Varchar
4. Address Varchar
5. Cno Bigint
6. Email Varchar
7. Qualfication Varchar
8. Staff Varchar

3) Doctor Table:

Sr. No. Column Data Type Constraints

1. Did Int Primary Key
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2. Dname Varchar
3. Gender Varchar
4. Address Varchar
5. Cno Bigint
6. Email Varchar
7. Qualification Varchar
8. Specilization Varchar

4) Patient Table :

Sr. No. Column Data Type Constraints

1. Pid Int Primary Key
2. Did Int Foreign Key
3. Pname Varchar
4. DOB Date
5. PCno Bigint
6. Email Varchar
7. Gender Varchar

5)Appointment Table:

Sr. No. Column Data Type Constraint

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1. Aid Int Primary Key
2. Did Int Foreign Key
3. Pid Int Foreign Key
4. App_Date Date
5. App_Time Time
6. Status Varchar

6)FeedBack :

Sr. No. Column Data Type Constraints

1. Name Varchar
2. Cno Bigint
3. Email Varchar
4. DOB Date
5. Message Varchar

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3.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

The software requirement specification (SRS) and hardware specification

forms the basis of software development. A main purpose of software requirement
specification is the clear definition and specification of functionality and of the
software product. It allows the developer to be carried out, performance level to be
obtained and corresponding interface to be established.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Processor: Intel Pentium

Monitor size: 14 inch
RAM: 256MB
Hard Disk: 80GB

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Technology : Web Application.

Front end : PHP, HTML, jQuery, Bootstrap & CSS.,Ajax, Javascript
Back end : MySQL.
Web browser : Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari or any Gecko/Web
Kit based browser.

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 4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

4.1 Software Testing

TYPES OF TESTING :
Software testing determines the correctness, completeness, and quality of
software being developed. Validation refers to the process of checking that the
developed software meets the requirements specified by the user. The activities
involved in the testing phase basically evaluate the capability of that system meets
its requirements. The main objective of software testing is to detect errors in the
software. Errors occur if some part of the developed system is found to be
incorrect, incomplete or inconsistent. Test techniques include, but are not limited
to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding
software bugs (errors or other defects). It involves the execution of a software
component or system to evaluate one or more properties of interest. In general,
these properties indicate the extent to which the component or system under test:
 Meets the requirements that guided its design and development,

 Responds correctly to all kinds of inputs,

 Performs its functions within an acceptable time,

 Is sufficiently usable,

 Can be installed and run in its intended environments, and

 Achieves the general result its stakeholders desire.

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As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically
infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for
the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not
exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the intent of finding
software bugs (errors or other defects). Software testing can provide objective,
independent information about the quality of software and risk of its failure to
users and/or sponsors. Software testing can be conducted as soon as executable
software (even if partially complete) exists. The overall approach to software
development often determines when and how testing is conducted. For example, in
a phased process, most testing occurs after system requirements have been defined
and then implemented in testable programs. In contrast, under an Agile approach,
requirements, programming, and testing are often done concurrently.

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4.1.1 Whitebox Testing
Tests are performed to ensure that all internal operations of the software
are performed according to the specifications of the client. This is called White box
testing.
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing,
transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that
tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its
functionality (i.e. black-box testing).
In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as
programming skills, are used to design test cases. White-box testing can be applied
at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process. Although
traditional testers tended to think of white-box testing as being done at the unit
level, it is used for integration and system testing more frequently today. It can test
paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between
subsystems during a system–level test. Though this method of test design can
uncover many errors or problems, it has the potential to miss unimplemented parts
of the specification or missing requirements. The details entered by the
administrator are saved and stored in the database, and testing is done to verify
whether the control of each form or action is working in the exact way.

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4.1.2 Blackbox Testing
Tests are performed to ensure that each function is working properly.
This is referred to as Black box testing. Black-box testing is a method of software
testing that examines the functionality of an application (e.g. what the software
does) without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test
can be applied to virtually every level of software testing: unit, integration, system
and acceptance. It typically comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can
also dominate unit testing as well. Test cases are built around specifications and
requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. Test cases are generally
derived from external descriptions of the software, including specifications,
requirements and design parameters. Although the tests used are primarily
functional in nature, non-functional tests may also be used.

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The test designer selects both valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct
output without any knowledge of the test object's internal structure. Testing is
conducted in the system so that the functions namely Login, Making, searching the
nearest donor, getting routes to the nearest blood banks etc. are done properly.
4.2 TESTING STRATEGY
4.2.1 Condition Testing
Test cases are derived to determine whether the logic conditions and
decision statements are free from errors. Condition testing strategy is used to check
if the operators used are correct and to verify conditions such as if an error
message is displayed if a non-registered user is signed in to the application, or a
user is registered without providing his email, address or full name.

4.2.2 Loop Testing

This testing is used to check the variety of loops present in programming.
The working of the loops such as while, for and do while are checked for its proper
execution. The statements inside the loop body are executed line by line for every
condition that satisfies the loop.

4.2.3 Unit Testing

This testing is performed to test the individual units in the system. Each
module in the system is tested individually and executed line by line for accurate
functioning of the system. The appointment part of the user module has been tested
for its proper functioning, since it’s the core part of the application.

4.2.4 Integration Testing

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 The objective of integration testing is to take all tested individual
modules, integrate them, test them again and develop the system. The user module,
the appointment module as well as the doctor & admin should be integrated
together for the proper functioning of the whole system. Testing is conducted at
this stage to check whether the requested action has completed successfully and
changes are affected properly at both the doctor and admin modules.

4.3 FACT FINDING

The major task of system study is fact finding, in this stage data collection is
done in various methods which are,
Review of written document:

All documentation data carriers-forms, records reports, manuals, etc. was

reviewed, organized and evaluated. Review all the documents which contain the
locations, categories and the others by the help of maps. The method of recording
each and every detail of locations were studied and noted.

On-site observation:

Here the operation and physical layout of the current system were studied by
direct observation of the operation /physical layout. The method directed toward
describing and understanding events and behaviour as they occur.

Interviews and questionnaires:

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 People usually provide the best source of information and hence personal
interviews with the patients. Provide questionnaires to selected persons to collect
data.

4.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Proposed system will overcome the drawbacks of existing system. Existing

system is manual and available appointment applications are not user friendly.
Proposed system is computerized and user friendly. The proposed system has
many advantages.

MERITS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

The use of proposed system will avoid the problems of the existing system
and we also get a new system for managing information under the Clinic
Appointment System. The proposed system offers:
Manual work which is time consuming can be reduced.
Easy to store data in the database.
Administrator can add/remove new doctors, patients & departments.
Increase processing speed.
An easily access environment for users.
Doctors can view/cancel appointments.
Doctors can send prescription.
Automatic removal of past appointments.
Easy to use real time search facility.
Responsive layout that fits all devices.
Improved security

4.5 System Design :

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 Design is the first step in the development phase for any engineered product
or system. It may be defined “The process of applying various techniques
principles for the purpose of defining a device, a processor or a system in sufficient
to permit its physical realization.
System design is the creation of specification for a new system. It deals with
creation of input, which is usually the acquiring of needed data, creation of needed
database, the input procedures and output to meet system objectives.

4.5.1 INITIAL DESIGN

1.MAIN MODULES: -

Main modules of these systems are given below.

1. ADMIN MODULE: -

 Add New Doctor :-

Administrator can add new user by filling out required fields.

Doctor Profile :

Doctors can edit their profile details such as Name, Qualification

etc.

 Remove Existing Doctor :-

Remove existing doctors by selecting them from a drop down menu.

 Add New Staff :-

The administrator can add new staff by entering its name.

 Remove Existing Staff :-

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 Administrator can remove existing departments.

 Upcoming Appointments

Doctors can view their upcoming appointments here. They can

change appointment status to Pending or Active. They can even cancel the
appointment.

4.5.2 USER MODULE: -

 Doctors List:-

Users can browse through the entire list of doctors and select one for making
appointment.

 View Prescription:-

User can view, print or delete prescriptions sent by doctors.

 Make Appointment:-

User can search desired departments using the intelligent, auto filling search

engine. The form shows suggestions / gets automatically filled as user starts
typing. The search result shows relevant doctors list with available time, days etc.
User can click make appointment and they get redirected to the date and time
selection page. After selecting desired date, the system returns to user with an
appointment ID.

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4.6 User Interface

4.6.1 ADMIN Module:

4.6.1.1 LOGIN PAGE:

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Admin

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Wrong Username and Password :

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4.6.1.2 HOME PAGE:

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4.6.1.3 STAFF Page:

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a. Filling Staff Information:-

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b.Data Update Successfully:-

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c. Inserted an new record in staff page:-

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d. Deleting an record of an staff page:-

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e. Filter record using staff

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f. Filter record using Name

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 4.6.1.4 Doctor Page:-

a.Filling doctor registration:-

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a. Data Save Successfully

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c.Data update successfully:-

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d.Deleting An Record:-

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e. Filter record using Specialization :

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f. Filter record using Doctor Name :

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4.6.2 User Module :

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4.6.2.1 Service Hour And Feedback Form:-

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4.6.2.2Facilities:-

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4.6.2.3 Consultants:-

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4.6.2.4 Contact Us:-

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4.6.2.5 Doctor List :-

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4.6.2.6 Filling Appointment Details:-

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4.6.2.7 Data Saved Successfully:-

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4.6.2.8 Validation for Date and Time :-

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Admin

4.6.1.5 Approved Appointment:-

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4.6.1.6 Updating fields:-

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4.6.1.7 Filter Record using Date

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4.6.1.8 Filter record using Patient Name

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1.6.1.9 Remove/Delete Record:-

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 5. CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Making Kpond appointments shouldn’t be hard, but often due to the manual
way of making appointments, patients find it’s hard to make appointments with
their desired doctor. Often patients have to wait in long queues and yet sometimes
they won’t be able to book their appointments. Kpond Appointment System is an
easy solution for such patients. They don’t have to wait in endless queues or ask
someone to do them a favour, because Kpond Appointment system has everything
they need to make an appointment with their desired doctor.

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 Kpond Appointment System comes with a clean and responsive interface, so
that user can make appointments from every device, all they need is an internet
connection.
From the hospital/clinic point of view, they often fail to satisfy the needs of
their patients/customers. Sometimes, a staff may need to take a leave and it may
cause the whole appointment procedure to go down. With the new Kpond
Appointment System, all they need to do is deploy the application to their web
server and they are done. Once the administrator has added all the departments and
doctors list, patient can book their appointments by visiting the system. No need of
a third person to process the request.
Kpond Appointment System also provides doctors an account to interact
with their patients. Now doctors can easily send prescriptions online, or see their
patient details in advance or even better, they can cancel/ put the appointment to
the pending list. Patient on the other side, don’t have to worry about losing his/her
prescription since it’s stored in the hospital’s servers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

1. PHP and MYSQL web development.

2. PHP/MYSQL Programming for the Absolute Beginner.

3. PHP Web Solution.

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Website:

1. www.w3school.com

2. www.tutorialpoint.com

3. Php.net

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