QUALITATIVE

GROUNDED
THEORY

CASE STUDY

HISTORICAL

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QUALITATIVE

A systematic qualitative research method that collects

empirical data first, and then creates a theory ‘grounded’
in the results.

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GROUNDED

The constant comparative method was developed by Glaser and Strauss,

THEORY
described in their book, Awareness of Dying (1965). They are seen as the
founders of classic grounded theory.

Research teams use grounded theory to analyse social processes and

relationships.

Because of the important role of data, there are key stages like data
collection and data analysis that need to happen in order for the resulting
data to be useful.

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GROUNDED

The grounded research results are compared to strengthen the validity of the
THEORY
findings to arrive at stronger defined theories. Once the data analysis cannot
continue to refine the new theories down, a final theory is confirmed.

Grounded research is different from experimental research or scientific

inquiry as it does not need a hypothesis theory at the start to verify. Instead,
the evolving theory is based on facts and evidence discovered during each
stage. Also, grounded research also doesn’t have a preconceived
understanding of events or happenings before the qualitative research

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GROUNDED
THEORY
01 02
One of grounded theory’s Another strength of grounded
primary strengths is its theory is its Iterative Process.
adaptability to various This promotes an iterative
research contexts. It enables approach to data collection and
the researcher to delve deeply analysis, enabling the researcher
into complex social processes to fine-tune their understanding
and phenomena, resulting in of the research topic over time.
rich nuanced insights that This iterative proces can result in
quantitative methods alone deeper insights and stronger
are unable to capture. theoretical frameworks.

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GROUNDED
THEORY
02
01
Its complexity
It is time-consuming This can be difficult to
understand for, particularly for
Applying Grouned theory beginner and novice
might take some time. The researchers. This method
iterative characteristics of requires a thorough
data collection and analysis, understanding of qualitative
paired with the comprehensive research principles, and also
approach to understanding skills with data analysis
phenomena, may require techniques like constant
significant time and resources. comparison and theoretical
sampling.
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GROUNDED
THEORY

1. Victimizing of school bullying: A grounded theory.

2. A grounded theory analysis of older adults and information
technology.
3. A grounded theory of the flow experiences of Web users.

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 GROUNDED
THEORY

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QUALITATIVE

A case study is a research approach that

provides an in-depth examination of a particular
phenomenon, event, organization, or individual. It
involves analyzing and interpreting data to
provide a comprehensive understanding of the
subject under investigation.

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CASE STUDY
Case studies can be used in various disciplines, including
business, social sciences, medicine (clinical case report),
engineering, and education. The aim of a case study is to
provide an in-depth exploration of a specific subject,
often with the goal of generating new insights into the
phenomena being studied.

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CASE STUDY
Case studies are often written to present the findings of an
empirical investigation or to illustrate a particular point or
theory. They are useful when researchers want to gain an in-
depth understanding of a specific phenomenon or when they
are interested in exploring new areas of inquiry.

Case studies are also useful when the subject of the research is
rare or when the research question is complex and requires an
in-depth examination. A case study can be a good fit for a
thesis or dissertation as well.

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CASE STUDY
01 02
Enables the researcher to
The primary advantage of
trace out the natural
case study is that it
history of the social unit
provides much more
and its relationship with
detailed information than
the social factors and the
what is available through
forces involved in its
other methods, such as
surroundings environment.
surveys. Case studies also
Case method makes
allow one to present data
possible the study of
collected from multiple
social change.
methods.

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CASE STUDY

01 02
Not Usually Subjectivity In
Generalizable Interpretation
They tend not to look at a They provide detailed
broad enough corpus of Information about the case
data to be able to infer in narrative form, it may be
that there is a trend across difficult to hold a reader's
a population. interest if too lengthy.

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CASE STUDY
03 Difficulty In
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Time Consuming
Replicating
Results

Case study research is

often non-replicable
because the study takes
place in complex real-
world settings where
variables are not
controlled.

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CASE STUDY
Explanatory

When an incident occurs in a field,

an explanation is required. An
Descriptive explanatory report investigates the
cause of the event. It will include
This type of case study is used explanations for that cause.
to describe an intervention or
phenomenon and the real-life The study will also share details
context in which it occured. about the impact of the event. In
most cases, this report will use
evidence to predict future
occurrences. The results of
explanatory reports are definitive.

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CASE STUDY
Intrinsic

The term 'intrinsic suggests that

Exploratory researchers who have a genuine
interest in the case should use this
It is a type of case study that is approach when the intent is to
used to explore those better understand the case. It not
situations in which the undertaken primarily because the
intervention being evaluated case represents other cases or
has no clear, single set of because it illustrates a particular
outcomes. trait or problem, but because in all
its particularity and ordinariness,
the case itself is of interest

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CASE STUDY
Collective

There are a number of reasons why

Instrumental collective reports are created:
To provide evidence for
It is used to accomplish starting a new study
something other than To find pattens between
multiple instrumental reports
understanding a particular
To find differences in similar
situation. It provides insight
types of cases
into an issue or helps to refine
Gain a deeper understanding
a theory.
of a complex phenomenon
Understand a phenomenon
from diverse contexts

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CASE STUDY

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QUALITATIVE

It is the procedure in which a researcher collects and

evaluates data to understand reports or observation made by
others.

It tests hypotheses concerning causes, effects or trends that

may help to explain present events and anticipate future
events.

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HISTORICAL

The main advantages

It is the only research
of historical research The historical method
method that can
is that is permits the is well suited for trend
study evidence from
investigation of topics analysis.
the past.
that could be studied
in no other way.

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HISTORICAL

Cannot control for Limitations are Researchers cannot

threats to internal imposed due to the ensure representation
validity. content analysis. of the sample.

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HISTORICAL

Bias in Sources of
Interpreting Lack of control
interpreting historical
sources is very over external
historical materials may
time consuming. variables.
sources. be problematic.

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HISTORICAL
The structure of historical qualitative research follows a pattern of:

Formulating an idea of what you want to prove

In this part we go some of an unsolved and unproven things in this world,
as historical qualitative research is a research that finds/helps us to
know what's happening and the truth behind that specific situation.

Formulate a plan
In this part, we Formulate a plan on how we will find the truth behind
our topic with the past records as basis.

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HISTORICAL
Gathering data
In this part, we gather data of our topic and historical records of it
to be as near as possible to the truth.

Analyzing data
We do this to make sure that the data we provide is something that
has credibility. We also want to make sure that we narrowed down
our topic to its limitations by analyzing the data we've gather as
qualitative research is broad.

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HISTORICAL
Analyzing the sources of data
Historical records might be not as true as it was as the author of
the records might add or subtracted something in the info. We
as researchers want to find the truth so we need to have datas
that is true. Thus, we analyze the sources of the datas we've
gather and organized it to be as credible as possible.

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HISTORICAL

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