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CSCI380-Week 1-Lecture 2

The document discusses types of information systems and stakeholders in system development. It defines information systems and describes seven common types. It also identifies different stakeholder roles like system owners, users, and analysts, and the skills required of analysts.

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14 views

CSCI380-Week 1-Lecture 2

The document discusses types of information systems and stakeholders in system development. It defines information systems and describes seven common types. It also identifies different stakeholder roles like system owners, users, and analysts, and the skills required of analysts.

Uploaded by

12110159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Chapter 1

Systems Analysis and


Design Methods,
Stakeholders

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
• Define information system and name seven types of
information system applications.
• Identify different types of stakeholders who use or
develop information systems, and give examples of
each.
• Define the unique role of systems analysts in the
development of information systems.
• Identify those skills needed to successfully function as
an information system analyst.
• Describe current business drivers that influence
information systems development.
• Describe current technology drivers that influence
information systems development.
• Briefly describe a simple process for developing
information systems.
1-2
1-3
A Framework for Systems
Analysis and Design
A system is a group of interrelated components that
function together to achieve a desired result.

An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people,


data, processes, and information technology that interact
to collect, process, store, and provide as output the
information needed to support an organization.

Information technology is a contemporary term that


describes the combination of computer technology
(hardware and software) with telecommunications
technology (data, image, and voice networks).

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Types of Information Systems
(1/7)
• A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information
system that captures and processes data about business
transactions.

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Types of Information Systems
(2/7)
• A management information system (MIS) is an information
system that provides for management-oriented reporting
based on transaction processing and operations of the
organization.

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Types of Information Systems
(3/7)
• A decision support system (DSS) is an information system
that either helps to identify decision making opportunities or
provides information to help make decisions.

1-7
Types of Information Systems
(4/7)
• An executive information system (EIS) is an information
system that supports the planning and assessment needs of
executive managers.

1-8
Types of Information Systems
(5/7)
• An expert system is an information system that captures
the expertise of workers and then simulates that
expertise to the benefit of non-experts.

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Types of Information Systems
(6/7)
• A communications and collaboration system is an
information system that enables more effective
communications between workers, partners, customers,
and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.

1-10
Types of Information Systems
(7/7)
• An office automation system is an information system
that supports the wide range of business office activities
that provide for improved work flow between workers.

1-11
Stakeholders: Players in
the Systems Game
• A stakeholder is any person who has an
interest in an existing or proposed information
system. Stakeholders can be technical or
nontechnical workers. They may also include
both internal and external workers.
• Information workers are those workers whose
jobs involve the creation, collection, processing,
distribution, and use of information.
• Knowledge workers are a subset of
information workers whose responsibilities are
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based on a specialized body of knowledge.
System Owners

System owners – an information system’s


sponsor and executive advocate, usually
responsible for funding the project of
developing, operating, and maintaining the
information system.

1-14
System Users

System users – a “customer” who will


use or is affected by an information
system on a regular basis – capturing,
validating, entering, responding to,
storing, and exchanging data and
information.

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Internal System Users

• Clerical and service workers


• Technical and professional staff
• Supervisors, middle managers, and
executive managers

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External System Users

• Customers
• Suppliers
• Partners
• Employees
• Remote users - users who are not physically
located on the premises but who still requires
access to information systems.
• Mobile users - users whose location is
constantly changing but who requires access
to information systems from any location
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System Designers and
System Builders
System designer – a technical specialist who
translates system users’ business requirements
and constraints into technical solution. She or he
designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs,
screens, networks, and software that will meet the
system users’ requirements.

System builders – a technical specialist who


constructs information systems and components
based on the design specifications generated by
the system designers.
1-18
Systems Analysts
Systems analyst – a specialist who studies the
problems and needs of an organization to determine
how people, data, processes, and information
technology can best accomplish improvements for
the business.
• A programmer/analyst (or
analyst/programmer) includes the
responsibilities of both the computer
programmer and the systems analyst.
• A business analyst focuses on only the non-
technical aspects of systems analysis and design.
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The Systems Analyst
as a Problem-Solver
• By "Problems" that need solving, we mean:
• Problems, either real or anticipated, that require
corrective action
• Opportunities to improve a situation despite the
absence of complaints
• Directives to change a situation regardless of
whether anyone has complained about the
current situation

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Skills Needed by
the Systems Analyst
• Working knowledge of information technology
• Computer programming experience and expertise
• General business knowledge
• General problem-solving skills
• Good interpersonal communication skills
• Good interpersonal relations skills
• Flexibility and adaptability
• Character and ethics

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The Systems Analyst as
a Facilitator

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Other Stakeholders
External Service Provider (ESP) – a systems analyst,
system designer, or system builder who sells his or her
expertise and experience to other businesses to help those
businesses purchase, develop, or integrate their
information systems solutions; may be affiliated with a
consulting or services organization.

Project Manager – an experienced professional who


accepts responsibility for planning, monitoring, and
controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget,
deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards,
and system quality.
1-23
Business Drivers for Today’s
Information Systems
• Globalization of the Economy
• Electronic Commerce and Business
• Security and Privacy
• Collaboration and Partnership
• Knowledge Asset Management
• Continuous Improvement and Total Quality
Management
1-24 • Business Process Redesign
Technology Drivers for Today’s
Information Systems

• Networks and the Internet


• Mobile and Wireless Technologies
• Object Technologies
• Collaborative Technologies
• Enterprise Applications

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System Development Process
System development process – a set of activities, methods,
best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that
stakeholders use to develop and maintain information
systems and software.

A general problem-solving approach


1. Identify the problem.
2. Analyze and understand the problem.
3. Identify solution requirements or expectations.
4. Identify alternative solutions and choose the “best” course of
action.
5. Design the chosen solution.
6. Implement the chosen solution.
7. Evaluate the results. If the problem is not solved, return to step 1
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or 2 as appropriate.
A Simple System
Development Process
Our Simplified System General Problem-Solving Steps
Development Process
System initiation 1. Identify the problem.
System analysis 2. Analyze and understand the problem.
3. Identify solution requirements or
expectations.
System design 4. Identify alternative solutions and choose the
“best” course of action.
5. Design the chosen solution.
System implementation 6. Implement the chosen solution.
7. Evaluate the results. If the problem is not
solved, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate.
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System Development Process
Overview
System initiation – the initial planning for a project to
define initial business scope, goals, schedule, and
budget.

System analysis – the study of a business problem


domain to recommend improvements and specify the
business requirements and priorities for the solution.

System design – the specification or construction of a


technical, computer-based solution for the business
requirements identified in a system analysis.

System implementation – the construction, installation,


testing, and delivery of a system into production.
1-28

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