BACH1113 Physical Chemistry

Tutorial 3

1. Arrange the following neutral atoms in order of increasing atomic radii: S, As, Se, Br, Te

2. Arrange the following monatomic ions in order of increasing atomic radii: P3–, Cr6+, Ca2+, Cl–, Ti4+

3. For each molecule or ion, determine the shape and indicate whether each molecule will be polar or
non-polar. (a) SO2 (b) CCl4 (c) CHCl3 (d) TeCl2 (e) NH3

4. Ranking the molecule's bonds from most covalent to most ionic: Na-Cl, Li-H, H-C, H-F, Rb-O

5. Draw the bond moments and resulatnt dipole moments for C2Cl4, SF6, HCl and H2O.

6. Given the following thermochemical data:

(1) 1/2H2(g) + 1/2Cl2(g) ==> HCl(g) ΔHθ = -92.3 kJmol-1
(2) 2C(s) + 3H2(g) ==> CH3CH3(g) ΔHθ = -84.7 kJmol-1
(3) 2C(s) + 2H2(g) + Cl2(g) ==> ClCH2CH2Cl(l) ΔHθ = -166.0 kJmol-1
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
(4) 2Cl2(g) + CH3CH3(g) ==> ClCH2CH2Cl(l) + 2HCl(g) ΔHθ = ??? kJmol-1

7. Given the following data below from text/data book, calculate the enthalpy of formation of
methane.
C(s) + O2(g) ==> CO2(g) ΔHθc(C(s)) = ΔHθf(CO2(g)) = -393 kJmol-1
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) ==> H2O(l) ΔHθc(H2(g)) = ΔHθf(H2O(l)) = -286 kJmol-1
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ==> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔHθc(CH4(g)) = -890 kJmol-1

8. Given the following data

(1) C(s) + O2(g) ==> CO2(g) ΔHθ = -393 kJmol-1
(2) H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) ==> H2O(l) ΔHθ = -286 kJmol-1
(3) 3C(s) + 4H2(g) ==> C3H8(g) ΔHθ = -104 kJmol-1
Calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion of propane
(4) C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) ==> 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) ΔHθc,298(propane) = ??? kJ mol-1
1. The vertical trend dominates over the horizontal trend.
atomic radii:S, Br, Se, As, Te
Increasing

·strons
is castocame electron
configuration le-- e-
repulsion in
thus elements with more
protons will have a smaller
radius
radius.
whereas elements with less
protons will have a
larger
atomic radii:Cr6+, Ti4, Ca2, Cl2, p3-
Increasing
has
3. (a) SO, a bent
shape and is
polar.
(b) CClyhas
has
a tetrahedral S
nape and is non-
polar.
(C) CHCI and is
a tetrahedral S
hape polar.
bent is
(d) Teck has a
shape and
polar.
4.Molecule bonds from covalentto
most most ionic:
H-C, Li-H, H-F, Na-C1, Rb -
0

5. (C14 SF6 HCl H20

S-F FS-
sil 218-
68-
St
StC (St=
6-F S ES- H Cl
St -- H H
Sch c8- SFES- 8 St
+

There is no net There

is no net there is a net There is a net
moments moments
dipole dipole dipole moments dipole moments because
because each c-C) because each S-F because the the a lone
presence of

bond
dipole is bond
dipole is
hydrogen atom
pair of electrons in the

balanced
by equal balanced
by equal has a
slight oxygen atom causes the

magnitude pointing magnitude pointing positive charge water molecule to have

direction
in
opposite in
opposite direction and the chlorine a bent
shape. Therefore,
of the other side other
of the side atom
slightthe individual
has a bond

of the molecule. of molecule.

the
negative charge. dipole moments
do not

cancel out each other.

6. Hs
I(,g) 5H0 -
+
HC1 =-92.3 kJ mol I

(g) (g),
2)(5) 3H2 OH
CH3CHscgs, -84.7k5mol-
+
= 2

(g)
ClCHaCHaCIIes, 840:-166.0 k5MOl-
2) 3
2Hngs Clucgs
+
+

(s)

1 x 2,

-184.6k5m8)-
Hangs Cl2cgs 2HCl(g), WHO 2)-92.3)
+
=
= 4

a
reversed,

CH3CH3 2(1ss WHO +84.7 K5 mol-

+3H2cg),
= 5
(g)

3 4
5,
+ +

2C12(g) (Hz
(H3(g) (ICHuCHa((es +2HC(g),040 166.0 ( 184.6) 84.7
+
= -
+
- +

=-265.9 k5 mol-

7. (1s 0.
+

CO2 240 =-393k5 mol- I

(g) (g),
H2(g) 0xcg> H20(1), 540 =-286k5 mol- 2
+

CH4 +202
CO2cys +24,0(e), 840 =
-890k5mol- 3
(9, (g)

2
2,
x

2H10se), 840 23-286) =-572k5 mol-

2Hxgs +Ongs 4
=

3 reversed,

840: +890KIMOS
CO2gs 2H10se)
CHycgs +20229),
+ I

rigsCHrgs, 84 ((Hycg,) = -

=-75k5mol-1
393 -
5x 890
+
8. ((x
+

8x(g) CO2 0H0 =-393k5 mol I

(g),
Ox H20(1) &HP 286k5 mol-
Hxg) 2
+
=

(g)
-

3((s) 4H
+

C3H8 040 mol-

=-104 k5 3
(g) (g),

1 x
3,

8H0 31-393):-1179k5 mol- 4

32xx) +30ccg1 3COncy),
=

2
4,
x

4Hr(gs 202(g)
+

4420(1),040 4) 286)
=
-

=-
1144 K5mol- 5

3 reversed,

840 184k5 mol-

C3H8gs 3Ccx
+4Hrcgs,
=
+ 6

4 5+
+

6
I

3102(g) 4H,0ce), 048,

(sH8(g) 50c -1179 ( 1144) 104
+
+ = +

(g)
-
+

=-2219k5mol-1
Letthe
percentabundance "B
of be x % and the
percentabundance
of "B be (100 -

x)%,
(x%)(10.0129 amu) [(100 x)%1(11.0093amu)
+
-

10.81
=

amy

x% (100
+ -

x)%
[(100 x)](11.0093)
#129) +
-

10.81
=

108510093x
! 10.81 100
=

x 100 20
=
-
-

188
X = 28 88
=

The the
percentabundance of 20% percentabundance
10
B is and

of "B is 80%.