360 DEGREE ROTATING VEHICLE

A PROJECT REPORT
2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY

BALAMURUGAN K 22219134
KAMALRAJ D 22219137
RAMESH CHANDRAN E 22219148
SANTHOSH P 22219152
SRIDHAR M 22219155
SUDALAI J 22217744
Under the Guidance of

Mr . A.VIGNESH, M.E.,

HOD/AUTOMOBILE

In practical fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the

diploma in

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

make a difference

SENTIIUR POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGESAVAKATTUPALAYAM,NAMBIYUR-638460
 CERTIFICAT
SENTIIUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, NAMBIYUR
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Certified that this is Bonafide Record of the project work done by

Mr._____________________
Register Number : ________________
of final year diploma in Automobile Engineering during the
academic year 2022023.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Submitted for the project work held on____________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINE

 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to render my deep sincere thanks to

THIRU D.SHANMUGAN BE., Chairman of SENTHUR
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE and I submit to the management for
giving me an opportunity to undergo to this project work.

We wish to thank our college correspondent Mr.

M.MAHESHWARAN BE., for giving me a hopeful support for
doing the project.

We are thankful to our principal Mr. R.ARUNRAJAN,

M.TECH. SENTHUR POYTECHNIC COLLEGE for providing
the facilities to carry out this project work.

Our Heartfelt thanks to our Head of the department

Mr.A.VIGNESH,M.E, for giving me special permission to do the
project work. He has taken a vital role to develop the project our
sincere thanks to our guide Mr.A.VIGNESH,M.E, for his internal
guidance to carry out this project successfully.

We also thank our PARENTS & FRIENDS for the good

support to complete the project work successfully by helping me I
various ways and giving admirable encouragement for me.
 SYNOPSIS

This project is about 360-degree rotating vehicle. This

vehicle moves in all directions and this design provides better
comfort and also saves the time, most of the people uses this
vehicle to carry goods, emergency patients etc. The normal wheel
vehicles face lot of problems like parking, U turn and much more
which consumes more time. So, we have designed a 360-degree
wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the
industry as well as common life of people. The vehicle can take a
turn without moving the vehicle. No extra space is required to turn
the vehicle. In this system, each of the 4 wheels has given drive
with DC motors, so it can rotate 360 degree. 360-degree rotating
wheel is controlled by RF remote. Consequently, we can utilize this
360-degree rotating vehicle from various perspectives like to
transport things overwhelming bags and furthermore in vehicles,
which will help in decreasing rush hour gridlock and spare time.
CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE
NO TITLE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

3 WORKING PRINCIPLE 6

4 DESPERATIONN OF PARTS 8

4.1 12V BATTERY 9

4.2 DC MOTOR 10

4.3 STEPPER MOTOR 11

4.4 CHAIN SPROCKET 12

4.5 CHAIN DRIVE 13

4.5 JOSTICK REMOTED MODULE 14

4.6 WHEELS 15
5 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION 16

6 COST ESTIMATION 18

7 CONCLUSION 19

8 PHOTOGRAPHY 20
 CHAPTER -1
INTRODCTION

This project is about plan of 360 degree wheel turning

vehicle. This vehicle moves every which way and this plan gives
better solace and furthermore spares the season of clients, the vast
majority of the general population utilizing this vehicle to convey
products, understanding and so on. In any case, more often than
not, they need to confront the issue like taking U turn and so forth.
So need to structure a 360 degree wheel turning vehicle to lessen
and dispose of issues in the business and at the railroad stage. This
structure will give better solace and furthermore spares the season
of clients, that is the reason it is additionally the dependable for the
client. As it is likewise battery worked vehicle consequently no
fuel is required. Consequently it is affordable to the earth. This
will likewise diminish the expense of the vehicle. Zero degree
turning span of a vehicle suggests the vehicle pivoting around a
hub going through the focal point of gravity of vehicle for example
the vehicle turning at a similar spot, where it is standing. No
additional room is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be
turned in the space equivalent to the length of the vehicle itself. In
this framework, controlling is associated with sprocket and this
sprocket is associated with sprocket of front wheel by chain drive.
Guiding is utilized to give the course of front wheel. The DC
engine is associated with sprocket jolt at above of casing. At the
point when control supply from battery to DC engine then
revolving movement exchange from DC engine to the wheel. The
headings are give beneath sprocket which permit to wheel turn 360
degree about vertical pivot. At that point this equivalent rotating
movement is exchange to the back wheels by sprockets and chain
drive course of action. So accordingly this game plan of the
vehicle wheels to turn 90 degrees left and 90 degree directly from
unique position, however front wheels of this vehicle pivot 360
degree by controlling, sprocket and chain drive game plan.
Without moving from the spot, for example the vehicle has zero
turning span .As referenced over, this task is about plan of 360
degree turning vehicle to move toward all path. This plan will give
better solace and furthermore saves the hour of clients that is the
reason it is additionally the dependable for the client. As it is
additionally battery worked vehicle hence no fuel is required.
Consequently it is affordable to the climate. This will likewise
diminish the expense of the vehicle. The brief about this task and
subtleties of plan, materials, its assessment and so forth portrayed
in resulting segment. The majority of individuals use vehicle in
their regular routine, However more often than not, they need to
confront the issues like stopping, taking U-turns and so forth So
here we have planned a 360 degree turning vehicle to decrease and
dispensed with issues to keep up with the traffic. A car producer is
an organization that produces vehicles.

This project is about design of 360 degree wheel

rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions and this
design provides better comfort and also saves the time of
customers, most of the people using this vehicle to carry goods,
patient etc. But most of the time, they have to face the problem
like taking U turn etc. So have to design a 360 degree wheel
rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the industry
and at the railway platform. Zero degree turning radius of a vehicle
implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing through the
center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same
place, where it is standing. No extra space is required to turn the
vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length
of the vehicle itself. In this system, steering is connected to
sprocket and this sprocket is connected to sprocket of front wheel
by chain drive. Steering is used to provide the direction of front
wheel. The DC motor is connected to sprocket bolt at above of
frame. When power supply from battery to DC motor then rotary
motion transfer from DC motor to the wheel. The bearings are
provide below sprocket which allow to wheel rotate 360 degree
about vertical axis. Then this same rotary motion is transfer to the
rear wheels by sprockets and chain drive arrangement. So as a
result this arrangement of the vehicle wheels to turn 90 degrees left
and 90 degree right from original position, but front wheels of this
vehicle rotate 360 degree by steering, sprocket and chain drive
arrangement. Without moving from the spot, i.e. the vehicle has
zero turning radius. This helps in maneuvering the vehicle in tight
spaces such as parking lots and within small compounds. The
various functions of the steering wheel are to control the angular
motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to
facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle after completing a
turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum
possible extent. This should coexist with the road feel for the
driver so that he can feel the road condition without experiencing
the effects of moving over it.
 CHAPTER -2
LITERATURE REVIEW

This project consist of steering, chain sprocket,DC

motor, wheel, bearing, iron pipe, battery and chain drive. In this
system first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in
the required direction with help of steering system and DC motor.
Teeth of sprocket are completely mesh with chain drive which has
used to provide rotary motion to rear wheels by help of DC motor.
Steering is used to provide direction of rotation to front wheels by
help of sprocket and chain drive arrangement. DC motors are used
in each wheel to provide forward and backward movement of this
vehicle, also a battery is used to provide electrical energy of each
DC motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of length
of the vehicle itself. This system is to be useful in hospitals, small
industries and also on railway platforms. 360 degree wheel rotation
vehicle consist of steering, chain sprocket, chain drive, iron pipe,
battery, DC motor and wheel. In this vehicle sprocket of front
wheel and sprocket of steering are connected by first chain drive
and sprocket of rear wheel connected to second chain drive and
DC motor has is given to each wheel to provide forward and
backward movement of vehicle. When steering is to rotate
clockwise and anticlockwise direction by hand then sprocket is
connected with steering also rotates clockwise and anticlockwise
direction. This rotary motion transfers to front wheels by chain
drive because teeth of sprocket and chain drive are completely
mesh to each other. Bearing is provided with sprocket which
allows the wheel to rotate 360 degree. So as a result front wheels
of this vehicle rotates in 360 degree direction by steering at a same
position. When power is supplied from the battery to DC motor
then DC motor starts to rotate in clockwise direction and also
sprocket will rotate in clockwise direction because sprocket bolt is
connected to DC motor, the same rotary force is transferred to
other rear wheels by chain drive because sprocket of rear wheel are
connected by chain drive and bearing has provide with sprocket
which allow to wheel rotate. So as a result rear wheels also rotate
90 degree left from original position and reverse current flow from
battery to DC motor then rear wheels rotate 90 degree right from
original position. When power supply from battery to DC motors
of each wheels then each DC motor starts rotate then wheels also
rotate with DC motor because wheels and DC motors are
connected by bolts and nuts. As a result vehicle moves in forward
direction and when reverse current flow from battery to DC
motors, then DC motors start rotate in opposite direction. As a
result vehicle is move in backward direction.
 CHAPTER -3
WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this project battery provides the power supply to the

control unit. The equipment contains totally six motors, two
motors are coupled with the vehicle’s left and right wheels of the
front side, the next two motors are connected tothe vehicle’s left
and right side of the back side. The four motors are used to run the
vehicle. Another two motors are connected to rotate the vehicle
wheel 360 degree by the chain drive arrangements. The keypad in
the control unit has six keys they are left, right, forward, reverse,
park left, and park right. We press the left key in the keypad the
vehicle turns left side in a required angle, we press the right key in
the keypad the vehicle turns at right side in arequired angle,
similarly the forward and reverse motion of the vehicle are
controlled by the forward and reversekey in the keypad. We want
to park the vehicle in left side by press the park left key then the
motor connected in thechain drive is turns the wheel left side 360
degree automatically, then the vehicle is parked in the left side,
thisprocess is same as right side. Using this we can easily park the
vehicle in various areas.
DIAGRAM;
 CHAPTER-4
DESPERATIONN OF PARTS

4.1 12V BATTERY

4.2 DC MOTOR
4.3 STEPPER MOTOR
4.4 CHAIN SPROCKET
4.5 CHAIN DRIVE
4.6 JOSTICK REMOTED MODULE
4.7 WHEELS

4.1 12V BATTERY

 Batteries come in different shapes, sizes and differ in their
uses. The 12V battery is one of such common batteries. However,
what do you know about the 12-volt battery and what is its use? A
12 volt battery is a kind of battery that is often used for various
electrical gadgets and appliances. The 12 volt battery is distinct
and different In its use, as it comes in different shapes and sizes.In
some instances, they might be large and heavy or small and
light.They may be cylindrical or square batteries.

Furthermore, they are also used for transportation purposes in

vehicles, boats and other gadgets. 12 volt battery sizes are often
influenced by their uses and the amount of amp-hour they are built
to produce. Therefore, a 12 V battery implies that a voltage of 12V
is supplied within the nominal load by a battery.

4.2 DC MOTOR
 A direct current motor (DC motor) is defined as an electrical
machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Based on the definition above, we can conclude that a DC motor is
defined as an electric motor that operates on direct current. A DC
motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC), unlike
an induction motor that operates via an alternating current.It
operates on the Lorentz principle, which states that “a current-
carrying conducter placed in a magnetic and electric field
experiences a force.” That force is known as the Lorentz force .
Fleming's Left-hand Rule determines the direction of the
mechanical force.

4.3 STEPPER MOTOR

Stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that rotates in steps. This is
very useful because it can be precisely positioned without any
feedback sensor, which represents an open-loop controller. The
stepper motor consists of a rotor that is generally a permanent
magnet and it is surrounded by the windings of the stator. As we
activate the windings step by step in a particular order and let a
current flow through them they will magnetize the stator and make
electromagnetic poles respectively that will cause propulsion to the
motor. So that’ the basic working principle of the stepper motors.

4.4 CHAIN SPROCKET

 A sprocket or sprocket-wheelis a profiled wheel with teeth,
or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or
indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any
wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over
it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never
meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that
sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. No. of teeth on
sprocket (freewheel) = 18 No.of teeth on driving sprocket = 44.

4.5 CHAIN DRIVE

 A chain drive consists of an endless chain wrapped around
two sprockets.it is a series of links connected by pin joints.it has
some features of belt drives and some of gear drives.chain drive
can be used for long as well as short centre distances and they have
good flexibility in all directions. Chain drives compared with belt
drives.

4.5 JOSTICK REMOTED MODULE

 The joystick module consists of two potentiometers and
one Switch. According to the circuit diagram Potentiometer-VR1
represents X-axis and Potentiometer-VR2 represents Y-axis. The
potentiometer is a variable resistor, when we will rotate the
potentiometer knob the output voltage also changes at the signal
pin. The joystick module knob is connected to these
potentiometers knobs (VR1 & VR1), when we moved the module
knob then the potentiometer knob is also moved, so the
potentiometer output value also change. This way we can get the
different Analog output values from the VRx and VRy pin of the
module. So, this module provides analog output in the range of 0-
1023 (0v – 5v).

4.6 Wheels
 A wheel is a circular block of a hard and durable material
at whose centre has been bored a circular hole through which is
placed an axle bearing about which the wheel rotates when a
moment is applied by gravity or torque to the wheel about its axis,
thereby making .
together one of the six simple machines. For the prototype on the
waste collecting machine
there are 4 wheels which support and transfer the load to the
ground. For the future production, using of rocker bogie needs 6
wheels, these 6 wheels need separate motors and
speed controllers which is expensive.

CHAPTER-5
 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION

ADVANTAGES:

Eco Friendly Less Noise Operation Battery Operated

thus No Fuel Required Non Toxic And No Hazardous Less Costly
Less Maintenance except battery requirement More Efficient Car
Can Easily Parked

It consumes very less time to turn from one direction to other

direction

 It is more efficient compare to other type of load carry

vehicle
 This type of load carry vehicle is easily parked in any
direction
 It is less costly load carry vehicle.
 Eco friendly.
 Less noise operation
 Battery operated thus no fuel required
 More efficient
 Battery is using in this 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle to
move forward and backward, so it is a kind
 Pollution free vehicle
APPLICATION:

In Industries for automation of raw material like

automated guided vehicle. In automobile sector there are so many
types of vehicle are using to carry goods from one position to
another position, there is space problem in the industry so this
vehicle is used in automobile applications because this vehicle
consumes very less space compare to other type of vehicle. This
vehicle is used in small Industries for transportation of raw
material from one position to another position. Modern
development and economical progression of Indian society
resulted in increase of vehicle in park so there are also problem. In
park other vehicle are taking more space to move from one
direction to other direction and 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle
have capability to move parallel direction so this vehicle is easily
move from one direction to other direction in park. Take easily U-
turn because front wheel of this vehicle are rotating freely by
steering, chain drive and sprocket arrangement. It is used in
hospitals to carry the patient from one room to another room.
Because there are lots of patients those are staying in one room.
It is used in Automated Guided Vehicle In
Automobiles Application In industries For Transportation of Raw
Material
 CHAPTER-6

COST ESTIMATION

S.NO DESCRIPTION COST (Rs)

1 12V BATTERY 2000.00

2 DC MOTOR 1000.00

3 STEPPER MOTOR 800.00

4 CHAIN SPROCKET 200.00

5 CHAIN DRIVE 100.00

6 JOSTICK REMOTED MODULE 800.00

7 Wheels 800.00

8 BASIC FRAME 1500.00

TOTAL AMOUNT Rs7200.00

CHAPTER-7
 CONCLUSION

A model for the proposed approach was created by

acquainting controlling and DC engine with wheel turn 360
degree. This model was seen as ready to be moved effectively in
tight spaces, and after production of 360 degree wheel pivot
vehicle devoured less space to turn from one direction to another
direction and it consumes less time to turn and this vehicle used in
various area such as small industries, railway platforms and in a
parking area .
This project is made with pre planning, that it
provides flexibility in operation. This innovation has made the
more desirable and Economical. This project “fabrication of 360
degree rotating wheel in vehicle” is designed with the hope that it
is very much economical and help full to vehicles for parking and
other purpose. This project helped us to know the periodic steps in
completing a project work. Thus we have completed the project
successfully.
CHAPTER-8