ASTM D995 95 = 0759530 0556509 9 4 4

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 995 - 95 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

1916 RaceSt. Philadelphia, Pa 19103
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. CopyrightASTM
li not listed in the current combined index, will appear in the nexi edition

Standard Specification for

Mixing Plants for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving
Mixtures’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 995; :he number immediately following :he designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (t) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This specijication has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Definse. Consult the DoD index of Specijkations and
Siandards for the specijic year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 3.2.2.2 All pipe lines and fittings shall be steam or

1.1 This specification covers requirements for plants suit- oil-jacketed or otherwise properly insulated to prevent heat
able for producing hot-mixed, hot-laid bituminous paving loss. When the bituminous material is emulsified asphalt,
mixtures. provisions should be made in the bitumen transfer system
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be that will enable the operator to turn off or reduce the heat
regarded as the standard. media from all lines, pumps, and jacketed bituminous
matenal buckets as soon as the system is open and circu-
lating properly.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.3 Storage tank capacity shall be such as to ensure
continuous operation of the plant and uniform temperature
2.1 ASTM Standards: of the bituminous material when it is introduced into the
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse aggregate. Tanks shall be calibrated accurately to 100-gal
Aggregates’
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(378.5-L) intervals and shall be accessible for measuring the
D 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and volume of bituminous material at any time.
Pavements3 3.2.4 A sampling tap, complying with the requirements of
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D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials3 Practice D 140, shall be provided in the bituminous matenal
feed lines connecting the storage tanks to the bituminous
control unit.
3. Requirements for All Plants
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3.1 Uniformity-The plant shall be capable of uniformly
3.2.5 When filled or native bituminous materials are used,
means shall be provided for agitation to maintain a uniform
combining and mixing various sizes of aggregate from product.
stockpiles, reclaimed asphalt pavement, if required, and 3.3 Mineral Filler-Adequate dry storage shall be pro-
bituminous material. ASTM D995-95
vided for mineral filler, when required, and provision shall
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Equipment for Preparation of Bituminous Material: be made for accurate proportioning.
3.2.1 Tanks for storage of bituminous material shall be 3.4 Cold Aggregate Feeder-The plant shall be provided
equipped for heating the material, under effective and with mechanical means for uniformly feeding the aggregates
positive control at all times, to the temperature required in into the dryer so that uniform production and temperature
the paving mixture specifications. Heating shall be by steam may be assured. When aggregates must be blended from two
or oil coils, electricity, or other means such that no flame or more bins at the cold feed to meet the requirements of the
shall contact the heating tank. paving mixture specifications, a synchronized proportioning
3.2.2 The circulating system for the bituminous material method shall be provided.
shall be of adequate capacity to provide proper and contin- 3.4.1 If recycling capability is required, the plant shall be
uous circulation between storage tank and proportioning equipped with mechanical means for feeding the desired
units during the entire operating period. weight of reclaimed asphalt pavement into the mix. Facilities
3.2.2.1 The discharge end of the bituminous material shall be provided for obtaining samples of the reclaimed
circulating pipe shall be kept below the surface of the asphalt pavement.
bituminous matenal in the storage tank to prevent dis- 3.5 Dryer-A dryer of satisfactory design capable of
charging the hot bituminous material into the open air. drying and heating the aggregate to the moisture and
temperature requirements of the paving mixture specifica-
I This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road
tions shall be provided.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee W4.23 on 3.6 Bituminous Control Unit:
Plant-Mix Bituminous Surfaces and Bases. 3.6.1 Satisfactory means, either by weighing or metering,
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally shall be provided to obtain the proper amount of bituminous
published as D 995 - 48 T.Last previous edition D 995 - 88.
*Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. material. Accuracy of the metering devices shall be within
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. 1.0 % of the actual weight being measured when that weight

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 A S T M D995 95 m 0759530 0 5 5 6 5 3 0 666

has been determined using another measuring device and 5.1.2 The nominal maximum size aggregate in the fines
shall be within 0.5 % when that weight has been determined bin shall be specified. The screen type and size shall be
using test weights. Bituminous material scales shall conform determined by the operator. No aggregate shall be larger than
to 6.5. the maximum specified.
3.6.2 Suitable means shall be provided, either by steam or 5.1.3 Control shall be based on frequent bin samples
oil jacketing, or other insulation, for maintaining the speci- tested in accordance with Test Method C 136. Aggregate in
fied temperature of the bituminous material in the pipe lines, each bin, including mineral filler, shall be combined in
meters, weigh buckets, spray bars, and other containers or proper proportions, and the composite shall be checked for
flow lines. compliance with the paving mixture specifications.
3.7 Thermometric Equipment: 5.2 Hot Aggregate Bins:
3.7.1 An armored recording thermometer of suitable 5.2.1 Hot-bin storage of sufficient capacity to ensure
range shall be fixed in the bituminous material feed line at a uniform and continuous operation shall be provided. Bins
suitable location near the discharge at the mixer unit. shall be divided into the specified number of compartments
3.7.2 Approved recording thermometers, pyrometers, or arranged to ensure separate and adequate storage of appro-
other recording thermometric instruments shall be fixed at priate fractions of the aggregate.
the discharge chute of the dryer and, when applicable, in the 5.2.2 Each compartment shall be provided with an over-
hot fines bin to register and record automatically the flow chute of such size and at such a location to prevent any
temperature of the heated aggregate or heated mixture. backing up of material into other compartments or into
3.8 Emission Controls: contact with the screen.
3.8.1 A dust collecting system shall be provided. The 5.2.3 Bins shall be equipped with “tell-tale” devices to
system shall be made to waste the material so collected, or to indicate the position of the aggregate in the bins at the lower
return all or any part uniformly to the mixture, quarter points. An automatic plant shut-off shall be provided
3.8.2 Other emissions, such as smoke but excepting water to operate when any aggregate bin becomes empty.
vapor, shall be controlled to be in compliance with appli- 5.2.4 Adequate and convenient facilities shall be provided
cable limits. for obtaining aggregate samples from each bin.
3.9 Surge and Storage Bins-If bins are used for surge or
6. Requirements for Plants Controlling Gradation of Cold,
iTeh Standards
storage, they shall be such that mixture drawn from the bin
meets the requirements of the paving mixture specification.
3.10 Safety Requirements:
Damp Aggregates
6.1 Maximum Aggregate Size-Oversize aggregate shall
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3.10. I Adequate and safe stairways to the mixer platform
shall be provided if applicable. Guarded ladders to other
be rejected by suitable methods or devices before the
aggregate enters the cold feed, or by plant screens complying
with 5.1.
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plant units shall be located where required.
3.10.2 All gears, pulleys, chains, sprockets, and other
dangerous moving parts shall be thoroughly protected.
6.2 Cold Feed Bins:
6.2.1 Cold feed bins shall be equipped with “tell-taie’’
3.10.3 Ample unobstructed space shall be provided on the devices to indicate the position of the aggregate in the bins at
mixing platform if applicable. the
ASTM D995-95 lower quarter points. An automatic plant shut-off shall
3.10.4 An unobstructed passage shall be maintained at all be provided to operate when any aggregate bin becomes
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times in and around the truck-loading space. This space shall empty or the flow from any bin gate becomes restricted.
be kept free of drippings from the mixing platform. A ladder 6.2.2 Adequate and convenient facilities shall be provided
or platform shall be located at the truck-loading space to for obtaining samples of the full flow of aggregate from each
permit easy and safe inspection of the mixture as it is cold feed bin and from the total cold feed.
delivered into the trucks. Overhead protection shall be 6.2.3 Adequate and convenient facilities shall be provided
provided where necessary. for diverting aggregate flow into trucks or other suitable
containers to check the accuracy of the aggregate delivery
4. Significance and Use system.
6.2.4 Control shall be based on frequent samples from
4.1 This standard specification describes the various com-
each cold-feed bin and the total cold feed tested by Test
ponents of batch, continuous mix, and drum mix plants. Method C 136. Results of total cold-feed samples shall be
This standard is useful to help evaluate existing plants and checked for compliance with the paving mixture specifica-
for specifying new plants to ensure the plant is capable of
tions.
producing a quality product. This standard does not address
plant operation and control or mixture production. 7. Requirements for Batch Plants
7.1 Control of Aggregate Gradation-The plant shall be
5. Requirements for Plants Controlling Gradation of Hot, equipped to control aggregate gradation in accordance with
Dry Aggregates the requirements of either Section 5 or Section 6 .
5. I Plant Screens: 7.2 Weigh Box or Hopper:
5.1.1 Plants shall be equipped with plant screens located 7.2.1 Means shall be provided for weighing aggregate from
between the dryer and hot aggregate bins and shall have each bin into a weigh box or hopper, suspended on scales,
adequate capacity and size range to separate the heated and ample in size to hold a full batch.
aggregate into the sizes required for proportioning so that 7.2.2 The weigh box or hopper shall be supported on
they may be recombined consistently within the specification fulcrums and knife edges that will not easily be thrown out of
limits. alignment or adjustment.

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7.2.3 Gates, both on the bins and the hopper, shall not proved twin-shaft pugmill type capable of producing a
leak. uniform mixture.
7.3 Aggregate scales: 7.6.1. I The mixer shall be designed to provide means of
7.3.1 Scales for any weigh box or hopper may be either adjusting the clearance between the mixer blades and liner
beam or springless-dial type and shall be of standard make plates to ensure proper and efficient mixing.
and design. The accuracy of the weighing device shall be 7.6.1.2 If not enclosed, the mixer box shall be equipped
within 1.0 % of the actual weight being measured when that with a dust hood to prevent loss of dust by dispersion.
weight has been determined using another measuring device 7.6.1.3 The mixer shall be constructed to prevent leakage
and shall be within 0.5 % when that weight has been of the contents.
determined using test weights. 7.6.1.4 Mixer discharge shall not cause appreciable segre-
7.3.2 The change in load required to alter noticeably the gation.
position of rest of the indicating element (or elements) of a 7.6.2 The mixer shall be equipped with a positive means
nonautomatic indicating scale shall not be greater than O. 1 % for governing mixing time and an accurate time lock to
of the nominal scale capacity. control the operation of a complete mixing cycle by locking
7.3.3 Beam type scales shall be equipped with a device to the weigh-box gate after the charging of the mixer until the
indicate that the required load is being approached. This dosing of the mixer gates at the completion of the cycle; it
device shall indicate at least the last 200 lb (91 kg) of the shall lock the bituminous material bucket throughout the
load. dry-mixing period and shall lock the mixer gate throughout
the dry- and wet-mixing periods.
7.3.4 Graduation intervals for either beam or dial scales
7.6.2.1 The dry-mixing period is defined as the interval of
shall not be greater than O. 1 % of the nominal scale capacity. time between the opening of the weigh-box gate and the
Scale graduations and markings shall be plainly visible. application of bituminous material. The wet-mixing period is
7.3.5 On dial scales, parallax effects shall be reduced to the interval of time between the start of the application of
the practical minimum with clearance between the indicator bituminous material and the opening of the mixer gate.
index and scale graduations not exceeding 0.06 in. (1.5 mm). 7.6.2.2 The timing control shall be flexible and capable of
7.3.6 Scales shall be equipped with adjustable pointers for being set at intervals of not more than 5 s throughout cycles
iTeh Standards
marking the weight of each material to be weighed into the up to 3 min.
batch. 7.6.2.3 If required by the specifications, a mechanical
7.3.7 Not less than ten test weights, each of 50-lb (22.7-kg) batch counter shall be installed as part of the timing device
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nominal weight and each stamped with its actual weight to
within k0.05 %, shall be provided for the purpose of testing
and shall be designed to register only completely mixed
batches.

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and calibrating the scales. For each scale a suitable cradle or 7.7 Automation of Batching:
platform shall be provided for applying the test loads. The 7.7.1 If required by the specifications, an automatic
test weights shall be kept clean and conveniently located for weighing, cycling, and monitoring system shall be installed as
calibration of the scale. part of the batching equipment.
7.4 Bituminous Material Bucket: ASTM D995-957.7.2 The system shall include equipment for accurately
7.4.1 If a bucket is used, it shall be large enough to handle proportioning the various components of the mixture by
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a batch in a single weighing. weight or by volume in the proper order, and equipment for
7.4.2 The filling system and bucket shall be of such controlling the cycle sequence and timing of mixture opera-
design, size, and shape that the bituminous material will not tions. There shall be auxiliary interlock cut-off circuits to
overflow, splash, or spill outside the bucket during filling and interrupt and stop the automatic batching operations when-
weighing. ever an error exceeding the acceptable tolerance occurs in
7.4.3 The time required to add the bituminous material proportioning.
shall not exceed 20 s. Where the quantity of bituminous 7.7.3 Accuracy-The automatic proportioning system
material is metered, provision shall be made to check the shall be capable of consistently delivering materials within
delivery of the meter by actual weight. the full range of batch sizes within the following tolerances:
7.4.4 The bucket shall be steam or oil-jacketed or Total Batch Weight of
equipped with properly insulated electric heating units. It Paving Mix, %
shall be arranged to deliver the bituminous material in a thin Batch aggregate component 11.5
Mineral filler i0.5
uniform sheet or in multiple sprays over the full length of the Bituminous material *o. I
mixer. Zero return (aggregate) *os
7.5 Bituminous Material Scales-Scales for the weighing Zero return (bituminous material) *o. I
of bituminous material shall meet the requirements for The electrical circuits for the above delivery tolerances of
aggregate scales, as specified in 7.3 except a device to indicate each cut-off interlock shall be capable of providing the total
at least the last 20 lb (9.1 kg) of the approaching total load span for the full allowable tolerance for maximum batch size.
shall be provided. Beam-type scales shall be equipped with a Tolerance controls shall be automatically or manually ad-
tare beam or adequate counterbalance for balancing the justable to provide spans suitable for less than full-size
bucket and compensating periodically for the accumulation batches (Note 1). The automatic controls and interlock
of bituminous material on the bucket. cut-off circuits shall be capable of being consistently coordi-
7.6 Mixer Unit for Batch Method: nated with the batching scale or meter within an accuracy of
7.6.1 The plant shall include a batch mixer of an ap- 0.2 % of the nominal capacity (Note 2) of said scale or meter