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Chapter -9

Classification of Elements – The periodic Table

SYNOPSIS

From the earliest times, scientists have been trying to classify the available elements
on the basis of their properties.

Dobereiner proposed ‘law of triads’. Newland proposed law of octaves. Mendeleeff

divide the elements into groups on the basis of “atomic weights”. The limitations in
mendeleev’s periodic table are removed in modern periodic table.

In modern periodic table eighteen groups and seven periods. There are ‘s’ block, ‘p’ block,
‘d’ block and ‘f’ block elements.

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Atomic radius, Ionization energy, electron affinity, Electro negativity are the main
characteristic of the enlacements both in groups and periods

2Mark Questions

1. Elements in a group generally possess similar properties, but elements along a

period have different properties. How do you explain this statement?
A. According to modern periodic law, the physical and chemical properties of elements
are the periodic function of their atomic number or electronic configuration.
That means that elements having the similar valency electronic configuration
have similar properties.
But, the valency electronic configuration of different elements in the same
period is different so, the properties of different elements in a period are different.

2. s - block and p - block elements except 18th group elements are sometimes called
as ‘Representative elements’ based on their abundant availability in the nature.
Is it justified? Why?
A. s - block and p - block elements except 18th group elements are called ‘Representative
elements’.

All these elements have incomplete shells. So they are chemically reactive to
obtain stable electronic configuration of noble gases ns2np6.

So, they are abundant in nature in the form of compounds.

3. How does metallic character change when we move?

i. Down a group ii. Across a period

A. i. As we go down the group, tendency to loose on electron increases. So metallic

character increases.

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ii. Across a period, from left to right, metallic character decreases. i.e., non-metallic
character increases.

4. Complete the following table using the periodic table.

Period Filling up Maximum of Total no.of

Number orbital’s (sun electrons, filled electrons in
shells) in all the sub the period
shells
1
2
3
4 4s, 3d, 4p 18 18
5
6
7 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p 32 incomplete

A.

Period Filling up Maximum of Total no.of

Number orbital’s (sun electrons, filled electrons in
shells) in all the sub the period
shells
1 1s 2 2
2 2s, 2p 8 8
3 3s, 3p 8 8
4 4s, 3d, 4p 18 18
5 5s, 4d, 5p 18 18
6 6s, 4f, 5d, 6d 32 32
7 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p 32 incomplete

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5. The electronic configuration of the elements X, Y and Z are given below?

a) X = 2

b) Y = 2, 6

c) Z = 2, 8, 2

i) Which element belongs to second period?

ii) Which element belongs to second group?

iii) Which element belongs to 18th group?

A. i) Y belongs to second period, since, differentiating electron enter into

second shell.

ii) Element ‘Z’ belongs to second group. Because, its velence is 2

iii) Element ‘X’ belongs to 18th group, because its 1st shell completely filled with
electrons.

6. Identify the element that has the largest atomic radius in each pair of the
following and mark it with a symbol (9). (AS1)

(i) Mg or Ca (ii) Li or Cs (iii) N or D (iv) B or Al

A. i) Mg or Ca: Ca (9) →[Ca > Mg]

Since as we go down the group, atomic sizes of elements increases

ii) Li or Cs: Cs (9) [Cs > Li]

In since, as we go down the group, atomic sizes of elements increases

iii) N or D: D (9) [N < D]

iv) B or Al: Al (9) [Al > B]

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7. Complete the following table using the periodic table.

Period Total no. of elements in

number Total no. Elements
of
elements From To s-block p-block d-block f-block
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A.

Period Total no. of elements in

number Total no. of Elements
elements
From To s-block p-block d-block f-block
1. 2 H He 1 1
2. 8 Li Ne 2 6
3. 8 Na Ar 2 6
4. 18 K Kr 2 6 10
5. 18 Rb Xe 2 6 10
6. 32 Cs Rn 2 6 10 14
7. Incomplete Fr - 2 2(Incom 10 14
plete)

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8. Identify the element that has the lower Ionization energy in each pair of the
following and mark it with a symbol (9).

(i) Mg or Na

(ii) Li or O

(iii) Br or F

(iv) K or Br

A. i) Mg (or) Na ⎯ Na (9)

ii) Li (or) O ⎯ Li (9)

iii) Br (or) F ⎯ Br (9)

iv) K (or) Br ⎯ K (9)

9. Why was the basis of classification of elements changed from the atomic mass to
the atomic number?

A. i) The properties of elements depends upon the number of electrons present in the
valence shell which are related to atomic number.

ii) Thus the properties of different elements can be compared if we know their atomic
numbers.

iii) On the other hand, atomic mass can in no way determine the chemical properties
of elements, because it does not vary regularly with gradation in the chemical
properties of elements.

iv) So, the basis, of the classification of elements changed from atomic mass to the
atomic number.

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10. On the basis of atomic numbers predict to which block the elements with atomic
number 9, 37, 46 and 64 belongs to?

A. The elements with atomic number a, belong to group 17 (VIIA). So, it belongs to p-
block.

The element with atomic number 37, belongs to Group 1(IA). So, it belongs to s-

block.

The elements with atomic number 46, belongs to Group10 (vIIB). So, it belongs to d-
block.

The elements with atomic number 64, belongs to Lanthanides. So, it belongs to f-
block.

11. An element X belongs to 3rd period and group 2 of the periodic table. State

a) The no. of valence electrons

b) The valency

c) Whether it is metal or a nonmetal.

A. An element X belongs to 3rd period and group 2 is Mg

a) The no. of valence electrons is 2

b) The valency of atom 2

c) The element belongs to IIA group. It is of the periodic table.

So, it is a metal.

12. An element has atomic number 19. Where would you expect this element in the
periodic table and why?

A. Atomic number of the element -19

Arrangement of these 19 electrons is 2, 8, 8, 1

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So, the differentiating electron enters into 4th shell. So, the element belongs to 4th
period. So the element belongs to 4th period.

The no. of valence electrons = 1. So it belongs to 1st group

∴The element with atomic number 19 belongs to 4th period and I group.

13. Collect the information about reactivity of VIII A group elements (noble gases)
from internet or from your school library and prepare a report on their special
character when compared to other elements of periodic table.
A. The VIIIA group elements are chemically inactive. All of them have stable “octet” in
their valence shells except helium the nobel gases have high ionization energy and
zero electron affinity values. Consequence to this loosing or gaining an electron or
sharing of electrons is difficult.

But some compounds of these gases have been prepared under suitable conditions.

Xenon (Xe) shows a tendency to lose an electron and exist in a positive oxidation
state. Therefore it reacts with highly electronegative elements like F2 & O2 only .

EG. XeO3; XeO4; XeF2, XeF4

14. Comment on the position of hydrogen in periodic table.

A. i) The position of hydrogen in the periodic table is unique.

ii) Its properties resemble with both Alkali metals (IA) and halogens (VIIIA) because
it can loose one electron like alkali metals as well as gain one electron as halogens

iii) So, it is placed at the top of both alkali metals and halogens.

15. How do you appreciate the role of electronic configuration of the atoms of
elements in periodic classification?

A. According to modern periodic law, the properties of elements are the periodic function
of their atomic number or electronic configuration.

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So, the classification of elements have done basing on electronic configuration. The
electronic having same outer shell electronic configuration are kept in the same group.
The elements have same chemical properties.

So, I appreciate the role of electronic configuration of the atoms of element which
plays a key role in the process of classification of elements.

1 Mark Questions

1. Name two elements that you would expect to have chemical properties similar to
Mg. What is the basis for your choice?

A. Calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) are the two elements, which are similar to Mg in
chemical properties.

Because, they belong to the same group IIA. All the elements which are in the
same group have same electronic configuration and same chemical properties.

2. Using the periodic table, predict the formula of compound formed between and
element X of group 13 and another element Y of group 16.

A. Element X of group 13 Element X of group 13

Valency of X is 13 Valency = 18 – 16 = 2

Formula of the compound formed between X and Y

X3 Y -2

(X2 Y3)

3. How does the valency vary on going down a group?

A. The valency doesn’t changes on going down a group.

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4. Sate Modern Periodic Law.

A. The Physical and chemical Properties of the elements are the periodic functions of
their Electronic Configurations of the atoms.

5. How does the valency vary in a period on going from left to right?

A. The valency starts from a and increases upto 4 and then decreases to get o, while
mulling from left to right.

6. State law of triads.

A. Dobereiner stated that when elements with similar properties are taken

three at a time and arranged in the ascending order of their atomic weights,

the atomic weight of the middle element is the average of the atomic

weights of the first and third elements.

7. Which elements are called as Lanthanoids and Actinoids?

A. i) 4f elements from 58Ce to 11Lu posses almost the same properties as 57 la. So they
were called as Lanthanoids.

ii) 5f elements from 90Th to 103Lr posses almost the same properties as 89Ac. So they
were called as Actinoids.

8. According to Mosley, what is atomic number?

A. According to Mosley, the number of positive charges (protons) in the atom of an

element is the atomic number of those elements.

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4 Mark Questions

1. Newlands proposed the law of octaves. Mendeleeff suggested eight groups for
elements in his table. How do you explain these observations in terms of modern
periodic classification?

A. Newlands proposed the law of octaves. According to newlads law of octaves, every
eighth elements starting from a given one be a repetition of the first with regard to its
properties.

Mendeleeff suggested eight groups for elements in his table. The elements in the same
group have same properties that means every eighth element starting from a given
element have same property with that.

In terms of modern concept, after completion of one shell. The properties of elements
are repeated. After completion of one shell of the properties of elements are repeated.

So, Newlands law of octaves and Mendeleeff’s suggestion of eight groups for
elements are also reliable according to modern concepts.

2. What are the limitations of Mendeleeff’s periodic table? How could the modern
periodic table overcome the limitations of Mendeleeff’s table?

A. Limitations of Mendeleeff’s periodic table:

1) Position of Hydrogen: The position of hydrogen in table is not certain because it

can be placed in group IA as well as in group VIIA as it resembles both with alkali

Metals of IA group and halogens of VIIA group.

2) Anomalous pair of elements: Certain elements of higher atomic mass precede

those with lower atomic mass.

Eg: Tellurium precedes iodine;

Potassium (A = 39) placed after Argon (A = 40).

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3) Dissimilar elements placed together: Elements with dissimilar properties were

placed in same group as sub-group A and sub-group B.

Eg: Li, Na, K of IA group have little resemblance with Cu, Ag, Au of IB group.

4) Some similar elements are separated: Some similar elements like ‘copper and
mercury’ ‘Silicon and thallium’, etc, are placed in different groups of periodic table.

5) Position of Isotopes: Isotopes of elements are placed in the same position in the
table. Modern periodic table removes various anomalous of Mendeleeff’s table in the
following way:

1) Hydrogen is placed in IA group according to its electronic configuration. But it is

not included in IA group elements (Alkali metals).
2) Basing on their electronic configuration anomalous pairs (R and Ar) are put in
order according to their atomic number.
3) Dissimilar elements were placed in different groups
4) Copper and Mercury come in different groups according their electronic
configuration.
5) All the istopes of same element have same atomic number. So all Isotopes are put
in same group as a single element in modern periodic.

3. Define modern periodic law. Discuss the construction of the long of the periodic

table.

Modern periodic law: The Physical and chemical Properties of the elements are the
periodic functions of their Electronic Configurations.

i) The modern periodic table has eighteen vertical columns known as groups and
seven horizontal rows known as periods.

ii) Elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic numbers in periods.

iii) In groups the elements are placed having similar electronic configuration a
having similar number of electrons in their outermost shells.
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s-block elements: The elements with valence shell electronic configuration ns1 and
sn2 are called s-block elements.

p-block elements: The elements with valence shell electronic configuration ns2np6
are called p-block elements.

These s and p block elements together known as representative elements.

d-block elements: The elements with valence shell configuration ns2np6(n- 1)d1 to
ns2np6(n-1)d10 are called d-block elements. These are also called as Transition
elements.

f-block elements: The elements in which orbitals are being filled in their atoms are
called f-block elements. These elements are also called as inner transition elements.

Inert gases:

The elements with complete outermost shell configuration (ns2np6) are known
as inert gases. He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and radon do not react with any other elements. So
these are called inert gases.

First period contains 2 elements

2nd and 3rd periods contains 8 elements each.

4th and 5th periods contains 18 elements each.

6th period contains 32 elements

7th period is incomplete

• The elements from Ce58 to Lu71 are called Lanthanides.

These elements are 4f block elements
• The elements from Th90 to Lr103 are called as Actinoids.
These elements are 5f block elements.
• Lanthanides & Actinoides are shown separately at the bottom of the periodic table.

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4.Explain how the elements are classified into s, p, d and f block elements in the
periodic table and give the advantages of this kind of classification.

A. Depending on the valency shell electronic configuration elements are classified into s,
p, d and f block

s-block elements: The elements with valence shell electronic configuration ns1 and
sn2 are called s-block elements.

p-block elements: The elements with valence shell electronic configuration ns2np1-6
are called p-block elements. s and p block elements are known as representative
elements.

d-block elements: The elements with valence shell electronic configuration ns2(n-
1)d1-10 are called d-block elements.

These are known as Transition elements.

f-block elements: The elements in which f-block are being filled in their atoms are
called f-block elements. These are known as Inner Transition elements.

Advantage:

The division of elements into blocks is useful to divide the elements into groups.
Every group has the elements with same valence electronic configuration. So they
have similar chemical properties

s-block elements – IA & IIA groups

p-block elements – IIIA & VIIIA groups
d-block elements – IB & VIIIB groups
f-block elements – Lanthanides & Actinoides.

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5. Given below is the electronic configuration of elements A, B, C, D.

A.1s2 2s2

B.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

C.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

D.1s2 2s2 2p6

1) Which are the elements coming with in the same period

2) Which are the ones coming with in the same group?

3) Which are the noble gas elements?

4) To which group and period does the elements ‘C ‘belong.

A. 1) A and D elements belongs to same period, since their outmost shell is same (II
period)

C and D elements belongs to same period, since their outermost shell is same
(III period)

2) Element A,B belongs to same group because of their similar outermost electronic
configuration.

3) Element D is the Noble gas due to its completely filled electronic configuration in
its outermost orbit.

4) The element the C - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 belongs to III period & 15th group (VA)

6. Write down the characteristics of the elements having atomic number 17.

Electronic configuration _______________ (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5)

Period number _______________________ (III)

Group number _______________________ (17th (or) VIIA)

Element family _______________________ (Halogens)

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No. of valence electrons ________________ (2 + 5 = 7 electrons)

Valency _____________________________ (-1)

Metal or non-metal ____________________ (Non metal)

7. a) State the number of valence electrons, the group number and the period
number of each element given in the following table:

Element Valence Group Period

electrons number number
Sulphur
Oxygen
Magnesium
Hydrogen
Fluorine

Aluminum

b) State whether the following elements belong to a Group (G), Period (P) or
Neither Group nor Period (N).

Elements G/P/N
Li,C,O

Mg, Ca, Ba

Br, Cl, F

C,S, Br

Al, Si, Cl

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Li, Na, k

C,N,O

K, Ca, Br.

A. a)

Element Valence Group Period

electrons number number
Sulphur 6 16 (VIA) 3
Oxygen 6 16 (VIA) 2
Magnesium 2 2 (IIA) 3
Hydrogen 1 1(IA) 1
Fluorine 7 17 (VIIA) 2
Aluminum 3 13 (IIIA) 3

b)

Elements G/P/N
Li,C,O D

Mg, Ca, Ba G

Br, Cl, F G

C,S, Br N

Al, Si, Cl P

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Li, Na, k G

C,N,O P

K, Ca, Br. P

8. In period 2, element X is to the right of element Y. Then, find which of the

elements have:

i) Low nuclear charge

ii) Low atomic size

iii) High ionization energy

iv) High electronegativity

(v) More metallic character

A. i) In a period, nuclear charge increases from left to right so, Y has low nuclear than X.

ii) In a period, atomic radius decreases from left to right so, X has low atomic radius

than Y.

iii) In a period, ionization energy increases from left to right so, X has high
ionization energy than Y.

iv) In a period, electro negativity increases from left to right so, X has high electro

negativity value than Y.

v) In a period, metallic character decreases from left to right so, Y has more metallic

character than X.

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9. a) What is a periodic property? How do the following properties change in

a group and period? Explain.

(a) Atomic radius

(b) Ionization energy

(c) Electron affinity

(d) Electro negativity.

(b) Explain the ionization energy order in the following sets of elements:

a) Na, Al, Cl

b) Li, Be, B

c) C, N, O

d) F, Ne, Na

e) Be, Mg, Ca.

A. Periodic property: The repetition of chemical properties and regular gradation in

physical properties in groups as well as in periods according to their outermost shell
configuration is called as periodicity.

The property of an element which is related and repeated according to electronic

configuration of the atoms of elements is known as periodicity.

a) Atomic radius:

The distance between the centers of the nucleus to the outermost shell of an
atom is called atomic radius.

In groups: Atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group. This is due to the
addition of new shell.

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In periods: Atomic radius decreases from left to right in a period. As we go to right

electrons enter in a same shell. So the nuclear attraction on the outer shell increases.
As a result size of the atom increases.

b) Ionization energy:

The energy required to remove an electron from the outer most orbit of a neutral
gaseous is called ionization energy.

Ionization energy decreases as we go, down in a group. Ionization energy

generally increases from left to right in period.

c) Electron affinity:

The electron affinity of an element is defined as the energy liberated when an

electron is added to its neutral gaseous atom.

Electron affinity decreases as we go down in a group. Electron affinity increases

along a period from left to right.

d) Electro negativity:

The electro negativity of an element is defined as the relative tendency of its atom to
attract electrons towards it when it is bounded to the atoms of another element.

Electro negativity decreases ads we go down in a group. Electro negativity increases

along a period from left to right.

ii) a) Na, Al, Cl

Na < Al < cl

All these elements belong to same period. The order of their atomic size is
[Na > Al > Cl]. As we move from left to right in a period Ionization energy increases.

b) Li, Be, B ⎯ I.E – Be > Li > B

As these 3 elements belongs to same period. The electronic configuration of

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Li – 1s2 2s2; Be- 1s2 2s2; B- 1s22s2 2p1

The penetration power of 2p is less compared to 2s. So, it is easy to remove electron
from 2p.

c) C, N, O :⎯ I.E : N > C > O

C, N, O belongs to some period. The electronic configuration of

c – 1s2 2s2 2p 2: N- 1s2 2s2 2p3; O – 1s2 2s2 2p4

Nitrogen has half filled configuration in degenerated orbital. So, it is more stable
compare to C & O, so, N has high ionization energy.

d) F, Ne, Na: (Ne > F > Na) ⎯ I.E

Ne is an inert gas, so it has highest ionization energy. Na has larger size compare
to F. So, it has low ionization energy.

e) Be, Mg, Ca: IE (Ca < Mg < Be)

These elements belongs to same group the atomic size of these elements is in the order
of Ca > Mg > Ba.

As atomic size increases ionization energy decreases.

10. Aluminum does not react with water at room temperature but reacts with both
dil. HCl and NaOH solutions. Verify these statements experimentally. Write your
observations with chemical equations. From these observations, can we conclude
that Al is a metalloid?

A. Metalloids are elements which resemble both metals and non-metals. The valency
shell of metalloids contain 3, 4, 5, 6 elements starting from periods 2 to 5 respectively.
Al belongs to 3rd period. It contains 3 valence electrons. So, it is not a metalloid as it
contains 3 valence electrons instead of 4.

Al doesn’t react with water at room temperature. But it reacts at high temperature with
water
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2Al + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

Al reacts with dil Hcl & liberates Hydrogen gas

2Al + 6 HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Al reacts with dil NaOH and liberates hydrogen gas

2Al + 2NaOH + 6 H2O → [Na2 Al(OH)4]+ 3H2(4)

From the above reactions, we conclude that all react with both acids as well as bases.
So, it is Amphoteric.

11. Collect information regarding metallic character of elements of IA group and

prepare report to support the idea of metallic character increases in a group as
we move from top to bottom

A. The tendency of an element to lose electron and form positive ions is called metallic
character.

The elements to the left of the periodic table i.e., IA group have greater tendency to
lose electrons so, they are strong metals. Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs (IA) are strong metals as
they lose one electron and posses high reactivity.

As we go down in a group the atomic size increases and electrons in the outer shell
experiences less nuclear attractions and so can lose electron easily. Thus increased
metallic character.

Ionization energies decreases from LI to Cs and atomic radius increases from Li to Cs

in IA group. So, metallic character increases from Li to Cs in IA group.

12. Without knowing the electronic configurations of the atoms of elements

Mendeleev still could arrange the elements nearly close to the arrangements in
the Modern periodic table. How can you appreciate this?

A. 1) Mendeleeff arranged the element known at that time in a chart in a systematic order
in the increasing order of their atomic weight.
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2) Mendeleeff tried to explain the similarities of elements in the same group in terms
of their common valency.

3) Elements present in a given vertical column (group) have similar properties.

4) Each group is divided into 2 sub- group A and B. The elements within any sub
group resemble each other to great extent.

5) A period comprises the entire range of elements after which properties repeat
themselves. There are 7 periods in the Mendeleeff’s periodic table.

6) Based on the arrangements of the elements in the table he predicted that some
elements were missing and left blank spaces at the appropriate places in the table.

7) His predicted properties were almost the same as the observed properties of those
elements after their discovery.

8) In this way, without knowing the electronic configuration of the atoms of elements
Mendeleeff still could arrange the elements nearly close to the arrangements in the
modern periodic table.

13. How the positions of elements in the periodic table help you to predict its
chemical properties? Explain with an example.
A. Position of elements in the periodic table helps us to predict their chemical properties
i.e, If the elements are present at extreme left or extreme right, they are highly reactive
metals & non metals respectively.
• The elements which are almost left in the periodic table are metals and highly
reactive.
Eg: Li, Na, K, Mg & Ca etc, are left in the periodic table these are metals and highly
reactive.
• The elements which are right in the periodic table are non-metals and gases.
Eg: O, F, Cl, S etc, are right in the periodic table. These are non metals.
• The elements which are in the 18th group are noble gases and inert for chemical
reactions

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Eg: He, Ne, Ar etc, are noble gases which are in 18th group (VIIIA). These are inert
for chemical reactions.

Fill in the Blanks

1. Lithium, _____________ and potassium constitute a Dobereiner’s triad. (Na(sodium))

2. _______ was the basis of the classifications proposed by Dobereiner, Newlands and
Mendeleeff (Atomic Mass).
3. Noble gases belongs to _______________ group of periodic table. (18th (VIIIA))
4. The incomplete period of the periodic table is ____________. (7th period)
5. The measure of tendency to attract shared electron pair towards itself is called
_________. (Electro magnetivity)
6. The energy required to remove an electron from neutral gaseous atom is called
________. (Ionization energy)
7. d-block elements are also called as __________. (Transition elements)
8. Elements in the same group have _______ chemical properties. (Similar)
9. Metallic character _______ while move from top to bottom. (Increases)
10. If an element A is present in the third group of periodic table, the formula o fits Oxide
_______. (A2O3)
11. __________ is the most electronegative element. (F(flourine))

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Number of elements present in period – 2 of the long form of periodic table

[ ]

a) 2 b) 8 c) 18 d) 32

2. Nitrogen (Z = 7) is the element of group V of the periodic table. Which of the

following is the atomic number of the next element in the group?

[ ]

a) 9 b) 14 c) 15 d) 17

3. Electron configuration of an atom is 2, 8, 7 to which of the following elements

would it be chemically similar? [ ]

a) nitrogen(Z=7) b) fluorine(Z=9)

c) phosphorous(Z=15) d) argon(Z=18)

4. Which of the following is the most active metal? [ ]

a) lithium b) sodium c) potassium d) rubidium

5. IE2 ⎯ IE1 [ ]

a) α b) = c) > d) None

Key:

1) b; 2) c; 3) b; 4) d; 5) c.

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Match the following

I. Group-I Group-II

1. Alkali family [ ] A) Be

2. Noble gas [ ] B) Na

3. Halogen family [ ] C) N

4. Boron family [ ] D) Cl

5. Alkali Earth family [ ] E) Ar

Key:

1. B; 2. E; 3. D; 4. C; 5. A.

II. Group-I Group-II

Orbital Maximum number of

electrons filled

1. s. orbital [ ] A) 6

2. p [ ] B) 2

3. d [ ] C) 14

4. f [ ] D) 2h2

5. For ‘n’ orbit [ ] E) 10

Key:

1. B; 2. A; 3. E; 4. C; 5. D.

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III. Element family Valence shell

electronic configuration

1. Alkali metal [ ] A) ns2 np1

2. Alkaline earth metal [ ] B) ns2np2

3. Boron family [ ] C) ns2

4. Carbon family [ ] D) ns2np6

5. Noble gas family [ ] E) ns1

Key:

1. E; 2. C; 3. A; 4. B; 5. D.

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Important Tables
1. Group A, B, C, D, E elements atomic weight, Arithmetic mean

2. Newland’s table of elements

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3. Mendeleef’s periodic table

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