1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

The principles of chemistry have been used for the benefit of mankind. Think of cleanliness-
the materials like soaps, detergents, household bleaches, tooth pastes, etc. will come to your
mind. Look towards the beautiful clothes- immediately chemicals of the synthetic fibers used
for making clothes and chemicals giving colors to them will come to your mind. Food
materials- again a number of chemicals about which you have learnt in the previous unit will
appear in your mind. Of course, sickness and diseases remind us of medicines- again
chemicals. Explosive, fuels, rocket propellents, building and electronic materials, etc. are all
chemicals. Chemistry has influenced our life so much that we do not even realize that we
come across chemicals at every moment; that we ourselves are beautiful chemical creations
and all our activities are controlled by chemicals. Medicine is the field of health and healing.
It includes nurses, doctors, and various specialists. It covers diagnosis, treatments, and
prevention of disease, medical research, and many other aspects of health. Contemporary
medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and pharmaceuticals or
surgery, but also through other diverse therapies.
Chemistry plays a pivotal role in
medicine and medical technology,
serving as the foundation for numerous
breakthroughs and innovations that have
revolutionized healthcare. From drug
discovery and development to diagnostics
and treatment, chemistry is an
indispensable tool in improving human
health and well-being. Medicinal or
pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific
discipline at the intersection of chemistry
and pharmacy involved with designing
and developing pharmaceutical drugs.
Medicinal chemistry involves the
identification, synthesis and development
of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes the study of existing
drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships
(QSAR). In particular, medicinal chemistry in its most common practice focusing on small
organic molecules encompasses synthetic organic chemistry and aspects of natural products
and computational chemistry in close combination with chemical
biology, enzymology and structural biology, together aiming at the discovery and
development of new therapeutic agents. Practically speaking, it involves chemical aspects of
identification, and then systematic, thorough synthetic alteration of new chemical entities to

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 make them suitable for therapeutic use. It includes synthetic and computational aspects of the
study of existing drugs and agents in development in relation to their bioactivities (biological
activities and properties), i.e., understanding their structure activity relationships (SAR).
Pharmaceutical chemistry is focused on quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure
fitness for purpose of medicinal products. Medicinal chemistry is a branch of chemistry
concerned with the design, analysis, development, and synthesis of drugs as medicine.
Medicines are chemical compounds that help living creatures in the treatment of diseases
or the relief of suffering. This discipline necessitates knowledge in synthetic organic
chemistry, pharmacology, and biological sciences.
1.2 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:
Analytical chemistry is a multifaceted tool with important applications in health and
medicine. Although medical device technology is often associated with biomedical
engineering and materials science, analytical chemistry plays an important and perhaps
under-recognized role. In particular, the
need to measure things is fundamental to
the regulatory science of medical devices.
In the United States, regulatory science is
the science of developing new tools,
standards, and approaches to assess the
safety, efficacy, quality, and performance
of all Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) regulated products. Analytical
techniques, including chromatography,
mass spectrometry, and spectroscopy, are
used to characterize pharmaceutical
compounds, ensuring their purity, quality,
and consistency. Chemistry plays a
crucial role in various aspects of medical
technology, from the development of new drugs and diagnostics to the design of medical
devices and the study of biological processes. Chemistry contributes to the preparation and
use of materials for surgery (sutures, artificial skin, and sterile materials). The sutures used in
many surgeries today do not have to be removed, because they simply dissolved in the body
after a period of time. Clinical laboratory testing allows us to answer commonly asked
questions such as " do you have diabetes?" some laboratory tests use simple techniques.
Other processes involve complex equipment and computer analysis data, in order to perform
measurements on large numbers of patient samples. You can test your blood glucose using a
simple portable device that runs a chemical test on the blood sample and tells you how much
glucose is present, allowing a diabetic patient to regulate how much insulin to administer.
Chemistry is also used to produce the insulin and the disposable syringe that administers the
drug. Chemistry is involved in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear

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 medicine for imaging purposes, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single
photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Chemistry is critical in quality control
processes to ensure that medical products, such as drugs, medical devices, and diagnostic
reagents, meet regulatory and safety standards

1.3 OBJECTIVES.
 To examine the importance of the usage of chemistry in medicine field or in medical
technology.
 To study used of chemistry for preparation process of drugs.
 To highlight the various advantages related to chemistry used in the medical field.
 To recognize various drawbacks and difficulties associated with the application of
chemistry in the medical field.
 To focus on the various steps and strategies to improve the impact of chemicals used in
the medical technological field.

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2. METHODOLOGY

According to the research data, in old times the analyst used to believe that chemistry is
equivalent to the complete science. The continuous achievement of the various scientist in the
field of chemistry. Achievements like study of the air by “Antoine Lavoisier and discovery of
oxygen by Joseph Priestly” plays vital part in building the believe that chemistry is same as the
science. However, with time it gets clearer that the study of chemistry is not equal to proper
study of science. Chemistry generally considered as distinct subdivision of science subject. The
methodology process of the theory chemistry involves three primary stages such as discovery,
enhancement and research related to the potential opportunities and possible drawbacks. The
complete concept of chemistry can be referring as accumulative study of science. The study and
application of chemistry is much beneficial in order to increase continuous development and
growth of the humanity. The study of chemistry can be defined as the combination of fusions
that eliminates the issues. The subject of chemistry is generally referring as the most beneficial
chemical creation for the community of human beings.

1 RESEARCH ON DRUGS:
Drugs are chemicals of low molecular
masses (~100-500u). These interact with
macromolecular targets and produce a
biological response. When the biological
response is therapeutic and useful, these
chemicals are called medicines and are used
in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of
diseases. Most of the drugs used as
medicines are potential poisons, if taken in doses higher than those recommended. Use of
chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy. The term 'chemotherapy' is used
for the chemicals that are used for therapeutic effects. Research is constantly intensifying
our understanding of medicinal chemistry and leading to discoveries in this field. Based
on the effects of medicines on biological systems, they are divided into different classes:
antacids, antihistamines, analgesics, antiseptic, etc. Drugs are chemical substances of low
molecular masses. They produce a biological response by interacting with
macromolecular targets. When the biological response of these drugs is therapeutic and
desirable these chemicals are known as medicines and are used in the field of medicines
that have helped doctors cure many diseases and save lives to a great extent. That has
increased the longevity of people and provided us with a healthy and quality life as a
boon!

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 2.1 USED OF CHEMISTRY TO PREPARATION OF DRUGS:
Chemistry plays a critical role in the preparation of drugs, from the discovery and
development of new compounds to their formulation and manufacturing. Here is an
overview of the key ways chemistry is used in drug preparation:
I. Drug Discovery:
Chemistry is fundamental in the early stages of drug discovery. Medicinal chemists
design and synthesize new compounds with potential therapeutic properties. They modify
the chemical structures of existing molecules to improve their efficacy, safety, and
specificity. This process often involves extensive testing and optimization to find a lead
compound.
II. Analytical Chemistry:
Analytical chemistry techniques are used to identify and quantify the chemical
composition of potential drug candidates. This includes methods like mass spectrometry,
chromatography, and spectroscopy, which help researchers assess the purity, stability,
and quality of compounds.
III. Pharmacology:
Chemistry is crucial in understanding how drugs interact with biological systems.
Medicinal chemists study the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (effects on the body) of drug compounds to
determine their effectiveness and potential side effects.
IV. Formulation Chemistry:
Chemists work on drug formulations to ensure that the drug is delivered in a safe and
effective manner. They consider factors such as solubility, stability, and bioavailability
when developing dosage forms like tablets, capsules, injectables, or topical creams.
V. Synthetic Chemistry:
Once a promising compound is identified, it often needs to be synthesized in large
quantities for clinical trials and commercial production. Synthetic chemists develop
efficient and scalable methods to produce the drug in a cost-effective manner.
VI. Quality Control:
Chemistry is used to establish quality control measures for the production of drugs.
Analytical chemistry techniques are employed to monitor the purity and consistency of
drug batches, ensuring that they meet regulatory standards.
VII. Drug Interaction Studies:
Chemistry helps in studying potential drug-drug interactions. Researchers assess how
different drugs can interact with each other chemically and pharmacologically to ensure
safety and efficacy.
VIII. Chemoinformatics and Computational Chemistry:
Computational tools and models are used to predict the properties and behavior of drug
compounds. This includes virtual screening, molecular modeling, and quantitative
structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies.

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IX. Natural Product Chemistry:
Many drugs are derived from natural sources like plants, fungi, or microorganisms.
Natural product chemists isolate and characterize these bioactive compounds, which can
serve as the basis for new drug development.
X. Regulatory Compliance:
Chemistry plays a role in meeting regulatory requirements for drug approval.
Comprehensive chemical analysis and documentation are essential for obtaining
regulatory approvals from agencies like the FDA.
Overall, chemistry is an integral part of the drug development process, encompassing
everything from the initial design of potential drugs to their formulation, synthesis,
analysis, and quality control. Collaboration among chemists, biologists, pharmacologists,
and other experts is essential to successfully prepare drugs for clinical use.

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3. Drawback issues of chemistry in medicine or medical technology:

The need for "ethics in chemistry" is a vast theory that generally includes various distinct
points of view and arguments. Ethics covers the area of rules of science and ethics related to
research. This ethical theory includes the "professional ethics and technological ethics in it.
However, the usage of chemistry in medicine field does include a few ethical issues.
I. Harmful to the environment:
Excessive usage of chemistry in medicine eventually affects the daily life of people, thus
resulting in a negative impact on the environment. In the agricultural field, the excessive
creation of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leads to overall environmental pollution.
However, the usage of chemistry is much involved in our day-to-day life. Although, the
involvement of chemistry is much more harmful and dangerous for the environment as well
as for an individual. Chemistry is generally used in order to make daily life easier and more
comfortable for the modern generation.

II. Cause negative impact on health:

Chemistry is associated with the development of various matters which contain harmful
chemicals and pollutants. The usage of chemistry in medicine encourages the usage of
chemicals in the daily life of an individual. Excessive involvement in harmful chemicals and
pollutants affects the health of an individual in future times. These chemicals impact the
health of a human being negatively in both short as well as in long rum.

III.Provides exposure to harmful chemicals:

Chemistry used in medical technology fields usually leads to the creation of potentially
toxic chemicals. Any potential toxic chemicals in different forms like solid, liquid or gas are
referred to as dangerous for the health. These harmful chemicals can enter the human body
by inhaling, interacting with contaminated food, via skin contact, etc

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4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The study of chemistry has numerous applications in medicine and medical technology. Here
are some key results and benefits of applying chemistry in the field of medicine:
a. Drug Discovery and Development:
Chemistry enables the identification and development of new drugs to treat various medical
conditions. Researchers design and synthesize compounds, perform structure-activity
relationship (SAR) studies, and optimize drug candidates for improved efficacy and safety.
b. Diagnostic Testing:
Chemistry is essential in the development of diagnostic tests and medical imaging agents.
Techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA), and radiopharmaceuticals rely on chemical principles to detect and visualize
diseases and conditions.
c. Pharmaceutical Formulation:
Chemistry is crucial in formulating drugs into various dosage forms like tablets, capsules,
injections, and topical creams. Chemists ensure that the drug is stable, bioavailable, and
effective when administered to patients.
d. Drug Delivery Systems:
Chemistry plays a role in designing drug delivery systems that control the release of drugs in
a controlled and targeted manner, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side
effects.
e. Molecular Imaging:
Chemical imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron
emission tomography (PET) provide detailed information about the molecular and chemical
composition of tissues, aiding in disease diagnosis and monitoring.
f. Proteomics and Genomics: Chemistry contributes to the study of proteins and genes,
which are essential in understanding diseases and developing personalized medicine
approaches.
g. Vaccine Development: Chemistry is instrumental in developing vaccines, including the
synthesis of antigens and adjuvants, formulation of vaccine candidates, and ensuring their
stability and safety.
h. Biotechnology:
Chemistry plays a crucial role in biotechnology applications, such as gene therapy,
monoclonal antibody production, and the development of biopharmaceuticals.
i. Nanomedicine:
Chemistry is involved in the design and synthesis of nanoparticles and nanoscale drug
delivery systems, allowing for precise targeting of diseases and reducing toxicity.
j. Tissue Engineering:
Chemistry contributes to the development of biomaterials used in tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine, enabling the repair and replacement of damaged or diseased tissues.

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k. Analytical Chemistry in Healthcare:
Techniques such as mass spectrometry and chromatography are used in clinical laboratories
for analyzing biomarkers, metabolites, and drugs, aiding in disease diagnosis and
monitoring patient health.
l. Environmental Monitoring:
Chemistry is applied in monitoring environmental factors that can impact public health,
such as water and air quality, by detecting and quantifying pollutants and contaminants.
m. Drug-Drug Interactions:
Chemistry helps in studying and predicting potential drug-drug interactions, ensuring
patient safety when multiple medications are prescribed.
n. Regulatory Compliance:
Chemistry is used to meet stringent regulatory requirements for drug approval and medical
device certification, ensuring that products are safe and effective for use in healthcare.

Overall, the application of chemistry in medicine and medical technology has led to
significant advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care, improving the overall
quality of healthcare and contributing to medical research and innovation.

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5. Conclusion:

The subject of chemistry is one of the subdivision categories of science. Study of chemistry
generally associated with the properties, configuration and frameworks of various elements and
compound factor. Chemistry usually study and analyses the changes related with different
compound and factors. Using the chemistry subject in medicine field is much beneficial and
required. Performing the daily work related to day-to-day life style on the investigation of
chemistry, the absorption and release process of the elements and compounds are analyses. In
short, the study and application of chemistry enhances the overall quality of life. Various related
technologies and theories encourage the status regarding health, matters and appropriate usage of
energies. Hence using chemistry in medicine field includes various advantages as well as few
disadvantages.

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 6. REFERENCE:

I. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry - for gathering information of

Medicinal.
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pharmaceutical-chemistry-students/ - for gathering information of Medicinal and used of
chemistry in this field.
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IV. https://www.eurchembull.com/uploads/paper/31ca1780030b9217fe19cb7dccab620c.pdf -
for gathering information of Medicinal.
V. https://www.allaboutchemistry.net/chemicals-medicines-isc-chemistry-project/ - for
gathering information of Medicinal.
VI. https://unsplash.com/s/photos/pharmaceutical - for collection of photos.
VII. https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/pharmaceutical -for collection of photos.
VIII. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/
Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/01%3A_Introduction_to_Chemistry/
1.07%3A_Medicine#:~:text=Chemistry%20contributes%20to%20the
%20preparation,after%20a%20period%20of%20time - for gathering information of
Medicinal.
IX. https://miraclelearningcentre.com/importance-of-chemistry-in-medicine/ - for gathering
information of Medicinal and used of chemistry in this field.
X. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428813/ - for gathering information of
Medicinal and used of chemistry in this field.

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