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Hydraulics Assignment

The document discusses different types of turbines, how they work based on the type of energy at the inlet. It describes impulse turbines like Pelton and crossflow turbines. It also describes reaction turbines like Kaplan, Francis and kinetic turbines, providing examples and diagrams for each.

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25 views2 pages

Hydraulics Assignment

The document discusses different types of turbines, how they work based on the type of energy at the inlet. It describes impulse turbines like Pelton and crossflow turbines. It also describes reaction turbines like Kaplan, Francis and kinetic turbines, providing examples and diagrams for each.

Uploaded by

erick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME : RAHAB WAGITHII WANJIKU

REG NO:EG204/106579/21
TITLE: HYDRAULICS ASSIGNMENT

1. Discuss types of turbines how they work:


According to type of energy at the inlet :
1)Impulse turbines-they are described as turbines in which high-velocity jets of water or steam collide
with turbine blades and rotate the turbine and generate energy.the name comes from the impulse
generated by the water jet’s hitting the blades.
Examples of impulse turbines are :
 Pelton turbines-they are used for high head and low flow power plants.
Here water is transferred from a high head source through a long conduit called a penstock.the nozzle
arrangement at the end of the penstock helps the water to accelerate and it flows at a high speed jet
with high velocity which will then hit the splinter buckets which will distribute the jet into two halves
of bucket and the wheel starts revolving.the kinetic energy of the jet is reduced as it hits the bucket
and also due to the spherical shape of the buckets the directed jet changes direction and takes a u-
turn and falls into the tail race.

Figure 1.1:shows a pelton turbine.


 Crossflow turbine-here the water enters as a flat sheet instead of a round jet.the sheet of water
is guided onto the blades of the turbine by an inlet guide vane ensuring that the water hits the
blades at the proper angle to maximize efficiency.the water flows over the blades creating a
torque on these blades after hitting the blades the sheet of water moves through turbines and
hits the blades once more as it leaves producing more torque.The first impact the water has with
the blades produces more power than the second.

Figure 1.2: showing a crossflow turbine.


2)Reaction turbines-these are turbines that use the pressure as well as the velocity of the moving
water to rotate.driving the rotor is achieved by the reaction of an accelerating water flow in the
runner as the pressure drops.The water at the inlet of the turbine has both kinetic energy and
pressure energy.They include the following:
 Kaplan turbines-they are used for low heads and high discharges.it is an adjustable-bladed axial
reaction flow turbine.here the water from the penstock enters the scroll casing which allows its
flow pressure to even .it s then guided by the guide vanes towards the runner blades which
automatically adjust depending on the pressure and flow rate requirements.the water is then
made to take a 90 degree turn which turns it axial to the direction of the runner blades which
start rotating immediately the water hits them .Afterwards the water enters the draft tube
where the pressure energy of the water decreases along the kinetic energy.

Figure 1.3: shows a kaplan turbine


 Francis turbine-water enters the turbines radially meaning that it enters the turbine
perpendicular to the rotational axis.the water then flows inwards towards the center .once it has
flow through the turbine it exits axially that is parallel to the rotational axis.they are used for
medium head and medium discharge.

Figure 1.4:shows a francis turbine


 Kinetic turbine (free flow)-they are used to generate electricity from the kinetic energy present
in flowing water rather than the potential energy from the head.they can operate in the in
rivers ,man-made channels since they utilize a water stream’s natural pathway.

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