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TP1 2023-2024

The document discusses preparing solutions from solids and liquids. It defines key terms like solution, solute, solvent, and concentration. It explains how to prepare solutions by dissolving solids or diluting liquids. The experimental section demonstrates preparing a glucose solution and diluting acetic acid.

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mounia.ab29
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12 views3 pages

TP1 2023-2024

The document discusses preparing solutions from solids and liquids. It defines key terms like solution, solute, solvent, and concentration. It explains how to prepare solutions by dissolving solids or diluting liquids. The experimental section demonstrates preparing a glucose solution and diluting acetic acid.

Uploaded by

mounia.ab29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PW N°01 : Preparing solutions from solids and liquids

I. Aim of the PW
- Application of safety measures.

- Learn to use laboratory equipment.

- Learn how to prepare solutions:

* From a liquid.
* From a solid.
II. Theoretical background
✓ Solution : In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture resulting from the
dissolution of one or more solutes (dissolved chemical species) in a solvent. The solute
molecules (or ions) are then solvated and dispersed in the solvent.

✓ Solute : Any substance that can be dissolved in the solvent.

✓ Solvant : Constituent present in greater quantity and in the same physical state (phase)
as the solution.

Note : an aqueous solution is one whose solvent is water.

✓ Concentration of a solution : this can be defined as

➢ Molarity (M) (molar concentration) : the number of moles of solute per liter of
solution. (mol. L-1) :
M = C.n = n/V
➢ Normality (N) : the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution.
The gram equivalent is the quantity of solute comprising one mole of the particles under
consideration (H+, OH, e ...etc.).
Normality = number of gram equivalents x Molarity.

N=z.M
• For acids Z is the number of H+ released during the reaction

Example : HCl = Cl- + H+ (Z= 1)


H2SO4 = SO42- + 2H+ (Z= 2)
• For bases Z is the number of OH- released in the reaction

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• Example : NaOH = Na+ + HO- (Z= 1) ;

• Ba(OH)2 = Ba2++ 2HO- (Z= 2)

Mass concentration : It is the weight concentration expressed in units of mass per liter of
solution, generally expressed in g. L-1.

Cm = m/V ; M.M (molar mass) = Cm/Cn.

✓ Dilution : consists of preparing, from a stock solution, a daughter solution with a


lower concentration.

Note : Adding a solvent (for example, water) to a solution does not change the amount of
solute, but it changes the concentration of the solution.

n1 = n2

So : N1V1 = N2V2 or C1V1 = C2V2

III. Different methods of preparing a solution


III.1. By dissolving
This is the dissolution of a solid product in distilled water to form a homogeneous solution.
III.2. By dilution

a/ From a commercial solution


A chemical product marketed in a liquid state is characterized by two main indications :
- The purity (%).
- The density
Example : Acetic acid (d= 1.04, b=99%).

b / From a titrated solution


This is the transition from a previously prepared concentrated solution (mother solution) to a
more dilute solution (daughter solution).

IV. Partie expérimentale


IV.1. Preparation of a glucose solution

We want to prepare a glucose solution with a concentration of 0.1 M.

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Procedure:

- Weigh out the required mass of glucose.

-Transfer the weighed quantity to a 50 ml volumetric flask.

-Make up to the mark with distilled water.

-Shake the flask until the product is completely dissolved.

-Make up to the mark with distilled water.

IV.2. Preparation of a dilute acetic acid solution (C2H4O2) from a commercial solution :

We want to prepare a 10% acetic acid solution from a commercial solution.

Procedure :

- Put a volume of water in a 100 ml flask.

- Put the calculated volume V in the 100 ml flask using a graduated pipet.

- Complete the volume with distilled water to the fill line.

- Close the flask with a stopper and shake the solution to homogenize it.

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