9

Science
Quarter 1–Module 5
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
 COPYRIGHT 2020

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 9

Science
Quarter 1–Module 5
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module on Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 9 Self-Learning Module on Photosynthesis and

Cellular Respiration.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

ii
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate understanding of:
• The essential features and importance of photosynthesis and respiration
in organisms.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners should be able to:
• Compare photosynthesis and respiration in terms of raw materials,
processes involved and end products

LEARNING COMPETENCY
• Differentiate basic features and importance of photosynthesis and
respiration (S9LT-lg-j-31)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• identify the raw materials and end products of photosynthesis and
respiration;
• differentiate the fundamental features of photosynthesis and respiration
• appreciate the importance of photosynthesis and respiration in the lives
of organisms

INTRODUCTION

In your previous grade, you learned that photosynthesis and respiration are two
opposite processes. You furthermore may learn that raw materials in one process, are
the products of the other way around.

Oxygen is produced within the process and is employed by all organisms in

order that the energy stored in food molecules may be converted into usable energy
(ATP) and used directly by living things. The process of generating ATP is common to
both plants and animals and is named respiration. All organisms need oxygen. You
breathe to require in oxygen, but do plants also breath?

In this module, you may work on activities to assess your understanding on the
essential features of photosynthesis and respiration.

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PRE-TEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully and identify what’s asked or described.
Encircle the letter of the right answer. “This is your first task; I wish you Good Luck!”

1. What does one call the method wherein plants make their own food?
A. cellular respiration
B. photosynthesis
C. protein synthesis
D. carbon fixation

2. The vital process of food making in plants is full of the subsequent factors,
EXCEPT?
A. water
B. oxygen
C. light energy
D. greenhouse gas

3. Mesophyll layer of the leaf plays a vital role in trapping light energy from the sun
upon which photosynthesis mostly happen during this layer. Why is this so?
A. because it contains air spaces
B. because it’s transparent allowing light to penetrate
C. because it’s the best number of chloroplasts
D. because it provides an entrance and exit for gases

4. What are the products of light-dependent reaction accustomed power the light-
independent reaction?
A. Sugar and ATP
B. Oxygen and NADPH
C. NADPH and ATP
D. NADPH and carbon acid gas

5. Cellular respiration starts with glycolysis, which occurs within the cytoplasm,
producing 2 pyruvic acid. Which of the subsequent processes will allow cellular
respiration to continue just in case oxygen is absent?
A. Krebs Cycle
B. Electron Transport Chain
C. aerobic respiration
D. anaerobic respiration

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6. All organisms get energy from food to perform different life processes. It’s done by
converting stored energy from food into energy for cell use. Which of the
subsequent is related to the assembly of chemical energy?
A. vacuole
B. chloroplast
C. mitochondrion
D. nucleus

7. What number ATP molecules are needed to separate glucose into two?
A. 2 ATP
B. 4 ATP
C. 6 ATP
D. 8 ATP

8. In glycolysis, glucose is attenuated into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3- carbon

molecule. This can be amid a net gain of what number ATP and NADH molecules?
A. 4 ATP and a couple of NADH
B. 2 ATP and 4 NADH
C. 4 ATP and 4 NADH
D. 2 ATP and a pair of NADH

9. Why does Calvin cycle need the products of sunshine phase?

A. Because it’s needed to convert oxygen into sugar.
B. Because it’s needed to convert sugar into oxygen.
C. Because it’s needed to convert greenhouse emission into sugar.
D. Because it’s needed to convert sugar into greenhouse gas.

10. How are photosynthesis and internal respiration associated with each other?
A. The products of 1 process are the reactants of the opposite.
B. The products of photosynthesis and metabolism are just the identical.
C. The reactants of photosynthesis and respiration are just the identical.
D. The reactant and also the product of photosynthesis and metabolism are
just the identical.

11. What’s the ultimate product of photosynthesis?

A. water
B. oxygen
C. glucose
D. sunlight

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12. Why is that aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?
A. aerobic respiration produces less ATP.
B. aerobic respiration needs less oxygen.
C. aerobic respiration needs more oxygen.
D. aerobic respiration produces more ATP.

13. Where do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur?

A. Respiration and Photosynthesis both occur in animals
B. Respiration occurs in chloroplast while Photosynthesis occurs in
mitochondria
C. Respiration occurs in mitochondria while Photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplast
D. Respiration and Photosynthesis both occur in plants

14. Which of the subsequent is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. Photosynthesis is simply a reverse equation of cellular respiration.
B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs don’t need one another to be ready to
survive.
C. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to provide carbon acid gas,
water and energy.
D. Cellular respiration needs carbonic acid gas, water and energy to
provide glucose and oxygen.

15. Which of those molecules completes the method of cellular respiration?

glucose + oxygen water + _________ + _________
A. ATP, carbon dioxide
B. ADP, oxygen
C. NADH, oxygen
D. oxygen, ADP

“Congratulations! You’re doing a good job! You’ll not perfectly done it today but
through studying well, exploring and learning you’ll make it perfect.

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REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

You learned within the previous module about biodiversity and evolution. Now,
match the things in column A with the descriptions in column B. Write only the letter of
the proper answer within the given space before each number item.
“You can do it! The most effective of luck to you.
A B
_____ 1. Population A. physical features of the world
_____ 2. Biodiversity B. number of individuals per unit area
_____ 3. Extinction C. organisms exceed the carrying capacity
of their habitat
_____ 4. Global warming D. species becomes so low that only f
few remain
_____ 5. Limiting factors E. organisms withstand environmental
conditions
_____ 6. Tolerance F. keep population from increasing in size
_____ 7. Endangered G. increase within the earth’s atmospheric
temperature
_____ 8. Overpopulation H. last number of a species dies
_____ 9. Population density I. form of life in a region
_____10. Topography J. Interbreeding organisms during a
particular location

LESSON 1: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

You already know in your previous lessons that autotrophs like plants can make
their own food through a process called photosynthesis. This is often a method by
which green plants and certain other organisms transform energy from light into
chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and
use to convert water, CO2, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic
compounds. It would be impossible to overrate the importance of photosynthesis
within the upkeep of life on earth. If photosynthesis halt, there would soon be little food
or other organic matter on earth. Most organisms would vanish, and time earth's
atmosphere would become nearly destitute of gaseous oxygen. The sole organisms
ready to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria which may
harness the energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus aren't keen with the

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conversion of sunshine energy. Additionally, photosynthesis is vital, not just for plants
to manufacture food but also to other living things and therefore the environment.

Respiration on the other hand may be a metabolic process by which energy

within the form of ATP is released from food molecules that organisms ingest.
Autotrophs or green plants produce their own food. Heterotrophs like humans kill
plants or other heterotrophs. Energy is stored (as sugar or fat in food). This stored
energy is converted into energy-carrying molecules called ATP. Other simpler
substances like carbonic acid gas and water also are produced. Respiration is the
process by which all these occur.

In this lesson, you may learn the way photosynthesis and cellular respiration
happen, what are its product/s and the needed materials for it to require place.

ACTIVITY I

Figure 1. Photosynthetic process in the leaves of a plant.

How do plants manufacture food?

Directions: Fill in Diagram A with the arrows on the right to point out the direction of
materials within the photosynthetic process in figure 1. Write inside the arrow the
proper material/s appropriate to its position/direction before reaching a plant’s body.

Diagram A.

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Guide Questions:

1. What do plants need for photosynthesis?

________________________________________________

2. How do plants gather these raw materials?

________________________________________________

3. What is the output of photosynthetic process?

________________________________________________

ANALYSIS

Getting to Know Cellular Respiration

Let’s find out: How do cells respire during a brief exercise?

Let’s try a brief workout for you to begin with. For 10 minutes do the following:
Note: attempt to take 30 seconds rest between each exercise

1. Squats
Stand along with your feet and arms stretched then lower your body. Do the task
20 times as shown within the picture below.

2. Jumping Jacks
Stand along with your feet shoulder-width apart. Raise your arm and clap over
your head while jumping. Repeat 20 times.

Very good!!! you’ve done it successfully. What does one feel after exercising?

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ABSTRACTION

The vital process of food making in plants is affected or influenced by different

factors like light, carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the atmosphere and water. To be
ready to use these materials, plants need a relentless supply of energy. Plants need
organic food molecules for their many functions. through photosynthesis, glucose
(sugar) is supplied to plants.

Primarily photosynthesis takes place in the leaves due to the presence of

chloroplast which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplast may be a cell organelle having a double membrane composed of

inner and outer membrane. It is where stacks of thylakoids (a disc-shaped structure)
called grana are found surrounded by a liquid-filled space called stroma, which plays
a role within the process of photosynthesis. The typical parts of the leaves are the
upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll spongy layer, vascular bundles and therefore
the stomata. The upper and lower epidermis protects the leaves while the mesophyll
part traps light energy from the sun. The manufactured food and water are then
transported by the vascular bundles. The exchange of gases takes place within the
stomata. In the process, oxygen (O2) is released. We are aware that oxygen is required
to hold out the method of respiration.
The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

Light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chlorophyll

How would you interpret the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Other organisms, like heterotrophs, rely on plants for their organic food requirements.
Photosynthesis is split into two stages, namely: Light reaction and Dark reaction
stages respectively.

Figure 2. Stages of photosynthesis

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 As the name implies, light-dependent reaction requires light coming from the
sun, which is then absorbed by the chlorophyll occurring within the thylakoid
membrane converting light energy into chemical energy. Also, water is employed
during this stage to facilitate the formation of free electrons and oxygen. The energy
gathered during this stage is stored within the variety of ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen)
which can be needed within the next phase of photosynthesis.
Light-independent reaction or Dark reaction is otherwise called Calvin Cycle,
occurs right after the light-dependent stage. It needs the products of the light-
dependent stage to convert greenhouse gas (CO2) into sugar (C6H12O6). this stage
happens within the stroma of leaves.
All organisms need energy to be able to move, grow and even repair. Since
animals are heterotrophic, they take advantage of plants and even other organisms;
they can’t manufacture their own food. The energy source of all organisms in cellular
level is named nucleotide otherwise referred to as ATP. The food that you simply eat
won’t be directly converted to ATP, instead, it’ll undergo a process called cellular
respiration. Glucose, the easy organic molecule in carbohydrates is the main source
of energy for most organisms. It’s the most product of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis
happens in chloroplasts while respiration happen in mitochondria of cells.

Cellular respiration is classed into two- aerobic respiration which occurs within the
presence of oxygen and anaerobic -respiration which occurs within the absence
oxygen.

A. Aerobic Respiration

After you have got done the short exercise, your body releases sweat (water), you
breathe oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide. The summary equation for aerobic
respiration is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Cellular respiration undergoes four main stages namely; glycolysis, pyruvate acid
oxidation, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain (ETC) respectively.

Figure 3. Stages of cellular respiration

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 1. The primary stage is Glycolysis, which occurs within the cytoplasm. During
this stage, the glucose is counteracted into 2 molecules of pyruvate, which is
transferred into mitochondria to create acetyl coenzyme A, gaining 2 ATP.
2. Next, the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle which converts acetyl coenzyme A into
greenhouse gas, releasing energy and captured within the style of NADH,
FADH2, and ATP.
3. Lastly, FADH and NADH pass their electron in the electron transport chain.
As a result, releasing great amount of energy.

How much ATP are produced in altogether three stages? If we try and sum it
up, glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules and therefore Krebs Cycle produces 2 more.
Electron transport chain produces the maximum amount as 34 ATP molecules.
Overall, there are 38 ATP molecules produced.

B. Anaerobic Respiration

Same with aerobic respiration it also begins with glycolysis where a

molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Then pyruvic
acid is further divided into acetaldehyde and greenhouse gas and acetaldehyde acts
as an acceptor of Hydrogen to provide ethyl alcohol. Anaerobic respiration only
produces 2 net ATP molecules.

Glucose
(C6H12O6)

GLYCOLYSIS

Pyruvic acid Pyruvic acid

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide

Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde

+H +H
Figure 4. Concept map on anaerobic respiration

Ethanol Ethanol

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 Respiration and photosynthesis-A comparison
Why are respiration and photosynthesis opposite processes? Cellular respiration
may be a process by which cells break down food molecules into a usable kind of
energy, ATP. Cellular respiration occurs into major stages: anaerobic and aerobic. The
aerobic phase of respiration yields more energy than the anaerobic phase.
Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration. The raw materials in photosynthesis are
the products of cell respiration and contrariwise.

Photosynthesis involved only autotrophic cells; cell respiration involves every type
of living cells.

ACTIVITY II
Picture Analysis

Guide Questions:

1. What are the materials needed in cellular respiration?

________________________________________________________________

2. What are the tip product/s (output) of cellular respiration?

________________________________________________________________
3. How important is cellular respiration to living things?
________________________________________________________________

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APPLICATION

A. Choose the simplest word from the word bank to complete each sentence.
Write your answer within the blank.

WORD BANK

glycolysis mitochondrion pyruvate oxidation

carbon dioxide energy oxygen
pyruvic acid cytoplasm oxygen-dependent
oxygen-independent ethyl alcohol glucose
ATP

1. We breathe _______________ and breathe out ________________________.

2. Organisms must eat because food is the source of ______________________.

3. Cellular respiration is also classified into two types, aerobic if it’s

_____________ and anaerobic if it’s __________________________.

4. An anaerobic respiration also begins ad infinitum where a molecule of glucose

is diminished into two molecules _____________.

5. In anaerobic respiration, acetaldehyde acts as the acceptor of hydrogen to

produce a molecule of _______________.

6. The attenuated of molecules comprises three steps. Namely: glycolysis,

____________________ and Krebs Cycle.

7. Glycolysis occurs in ________________________________.

8. Pyruvate oxidation and Krebs Cycle occurs particularly

___________________.

9. Internal respiration cannot happen within the absence of _________________.

10. Pyruvic acid oxidation converts acid into ___________________ with the
assembly of greenhouse emission.

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 B. Complete the Venn’s Diagram below to point out the similarities and
differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Write their similarities
within the intersecting point of the circle.

C. Complete the Comparison table below to point out the similarities and
differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Basis of Comparison Photosynthesis Respiration

Cell structure (site of

occurrence)

Required energy

Raw materials

End products

Type of organism involved

Chemical equation
involved

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 D. Answer the subsequent questions by completing the subsequent sentences:

1. What do plants need for photosynthesis? Plants need ___________________

_____________________________________________________________.

2. How important is the stomata in plants? The stomata in plants is __________

_____________________________________________________________.

3. What is the tip product/s (output) of photosynthesis? The tip product/s of

photosynthesis are _____________________________________________.

4. Described the importance of photosynthesis to plants and other organisms.

Photosynthesis is ______________________________________________.

5. Write the summary equation of photosynthetic process inside the box.

REFLECT

You did it well! Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module!

You’ve got just had a tremendous learning journey and of course, you’ll also do the
identical within the succeeding modules.

For the last time, share your final insights by completing the subsequent
sentence prompts. It absolutely was such a wonderful learning experience with you.
1. One thing I found interesting about respiration is
_____________________________________________________________.
2. One thing that I cannot forget during this module is
_____________________________________________________________.

POST-TEST

Instructions: Read each item carefully and identify what’s asked or described.
Encircle the letter of the proper answer. “You can do it!” ☺

1. Which of those molecules completes the method of cellular respiration?

Glucose + oxygen water + _________ + _________
A. ATP, carbon dioxide
B. ADP, oxygen
C. NADPH, oxygen
D. oxygen, ADP

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2. Where do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur?
A. Respiration and Photosynthesis both occur in animals
B. Respiration occurs in chloroplast while Photosynthesis occurs in
mitochondria
C. Respiration occurs in mitochondria while photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplast
D. Respiration and Photosynthesis both occur in plants

3. Which of the subsequent is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A. Photosynthesis is simply a reverse equation of metabolic process
B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs don’t need one another to survive
C. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to greenhouse gas, water
and energy
D. Cellular respiration needs CO2, water and energy to produce glucose
and oxygen

4. Which is the final product of photosynthesis?

A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Glucose
D. Sunlight

5. Why is the aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?

A. Aerobic respiration produces less ATP.
B. Aerobic respiration needs less oxygen.
C. Aerobic respiration needs more oxygen.
D. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP.

6. Why does Calvin Cycle need the products of sunshine phase?

A. Because it’s needed to convert oxygen into sugar.
B. Because it’s needed to convert sugar into oxygen.
C. Because it’s needed to convert carbonic acid gas into sugar.
D. Because it’s needed to convert sugar into CO2.

7. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration associated with each other?
A. The output of 1 process are the reactants of the opposite.
B. The output of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the
identical.
C. The reactants of photosynthesis and internal respiration are just the
identical.
D. The reactant and also the product of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration are just the identical.

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8. Cellular respiration starts with glycolysis, which occurs within the cytoplasm
producing 2 pyruvic acid. Which of the subsequent processes will allow respiration
to continue just in case oxygen is absent?
A. Krebs Cycle
B. Electron Transport Chain
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration

9. All organisms get energy from food to perform different life processes. It’s done by
converting stored energy from food into chemical energy for cell use. Which of the
subsequent is related to the assembly of chemical energy?
A. Vacuole
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondrion

10. In glycolysis, glucose is attenuated into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon

molecule. This is accompanied by a net gain of number ATP and NADH
molecules?
A. 4 ATP and a couple of NADH
B. 2 ATP and 4 NADH
C. 4 ATP and 4 NADH
D. 2 ATP and a pair of NADH

11. What percentage ATP molecules are needed to separate glucose into two?
A. 2 ATP
B. 4 ATP
C. 6 ATP
D. 8 ATP

12. What does one call the method wherein plants manufacture their own food?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Protein synthesis
D. Carbon fixation

13. What are the products of light-dependent reaction want to power the light-
independent reaction?
A. Sugar and ATP
B. Oxygen and NADH
C. NADPH and ATP
D. NADPH and greenhouse gas

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14. Mesophyll layer of leaf plays a vital role in trapping light energy from the sun
upon which photosynthesis mostly during this layer. Why is this so?
A. Because it contains air spaces
B. Because it’s transparent allowing light to penetrate
C. Because it’s the best number of chloroplasts
D. Because it provides an entrance and exit for gases

15. The vital process of food making in plants is tormented by the subsequent
factors, EXCEPT?
A. Water
B. Oxygen
C. Light energy
D. greenhouse emission

GLOSSARY

Aerobic respiration - requires oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration – doesn’t require oxygen.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) - A compound that stores the energy needed by the
body cells to perform their activities; consists of the molecules adenine with three
phosphate group attached to that.

Autotrophs - an organism which will produce its own food from simple substances.

Chlorophyll - the green photosynthetic coloring matter in plants found in chloroplasts.

Chloroplast - a plastid that contains chlorophyll; the location of photosynthesis and

starch formation in plants.

Light reaction - the primary stage of photosynthesis within which energy from the sun
is captured and is converted and stored biochemically within the form of ATP.

Mitochondria (sing. Mitochondrion) - a cell organelle that is the powerhouse of the

cell; the location of aerobic respiration in cells.

Photosynthesis - the method by which the utilization of sunshine energy and

chlorophyll produce glucose from greenhouse emission and water.

Respiration - the method of breaking down food molecules into energy.

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ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST

1. B 6. C 11. C
2. A 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. D 13. C
4. C 9. C 14. A
5. D 10. A 15. A

Activity 1 Getting to Know Photosynthesis

A.

ACTIVITY I Guide Questions

1. Photosynthesis needs Carbon dioxide (greenhouse emission), sunlight and water.

2. Carbon dioxide and sunlight is absorbed by stomata in leaves while water is absorbed by
the roots.
3. The output/final product of photosynthesis are oxygen and glucose/carbohydrate.

ACTIVITY II Guide Questions

1. Oxygen and glucose

2. Carbon dioxide and water
3. Necessary for the conversion of stored energy in food into molecules of ATP the kind of
energy recognizable by cells of organisms.

APPLICATION

A.
1. oxygen, carbon dioxide
2. energy
3. oxygen-dependent, oxygen-independent
4. glycolysis, pyruvic acid
5. ethyl alcohol
6. pyruvate oxidation
7. cytoplasm
8. mitochondrion
9. oxygen
10. acetyl coenzyme A

18
B.

C.

Basic Comparison Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Cell Structure (site of
Chloroplast mitochondria
occurrence)
Required energy Energy from the sun ATP
Water, carbon dioxide and energy
Raw materials Oxygen and glucose
from the sun
End products Oxygen and glucose water, carbon dioxide and ATP

Type of organism Autotrophs All types of organisms

involved (plants in general) (plants and animals)

Chemical equation Refer to the equation given below Refer to the equation given
involved this box below this box

Respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy
Dioxide

Photosynthesis:
Light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Water Chlorophyll Glucose Oxygen
dioxide

19
D.

1. Plants need water, carbon dioxide and energy.

2. The function of the stomata is to facilitate gas exchange.
3. The function of the chlorophyll is to absorb energy from the sun.
4. (answers may vary) Possible answers:

✓ Photosynthesis is very important because, it is the number one

source of food for plants and animals.
✓ Photosynthesis is very important because, oxygen and sugar are
released in the process.
5.
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen

POST TEST

1. A 11. A
2. C 12. B
3. A 13. C
4. B 14. C
5. D 15. B
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. D
10. D

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REFERENCES

Capco, Carmelita M. et.al. Science Learner’s Module 3rd edition. Quezon

City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2010

Campo, et al. Science Learners Module 8. Pasig City: FEP Printing Station,
2016
Michael Roberts et.al. nelsonscience Biology 2nd edition

www.britannica.com

www.google.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: [email protected]

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